CD147在大肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（CD147）在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理因素问的关系。探讨其与大肠癌侵袭和转移的相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测88例大肠癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织和正常对照组织中CD147的表达，以图象分析软件进行半定量分析。结果：大肠癌组织、癌旁组织和正常对照组织中CD147表达阳性率呈递减改变。CD147的表达与大肠癌患者年龄、肿瘤分型、肿瘤分化程度未见相关性（P〈0．05），而在大肠癌患者伴转移组显著高于无转移组（P〈0．05）。结论：CD147在大肠癌患者组织中的表达增高与大肠癌侵袭转移密切相关。     

胃癌组织中CD133 mRNA表达及与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨CD133 mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取31例手术切除的胃癌组织和癌旁正常胃黏膜组织标本,半定量RT—PCR检测CD133 mRNA的表达,分析胃癌组织CD133 mRNA表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、浸润深度、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移和Ki-67增殖指数等临床病理特征的关系。结果胃癌组织和癌旁正常胃黏膜组织CD133 mRNA的相对灰度值分别为0．3783±0．1411和0．0381±0．0919（P=0．000）;肿瘤直径〉5cm者胃癌组织CD133 mRNA相对灰度值显著高于肿瘤直径≤5cm者[（0．4393±0．1484）w（0．3343±0．1212）]（P=0．041）;有淋巴结转移者显著高于无淋巴结转移者[（0．4266±0．1320）／35（0．2395±0．0309）]（P=0．004）,淋巴结转移率和转移淋巴结数与CD133 mRNA相对灰度值呈正相关（r=0．466,P=0．008;r=0．464,P=0．009）;Ki-67低表达者CD133 mRNA相对灰度值显著高于Ki-67高表达者[（0．4364±0．1398）vs（0．3164±0．1174）]（P=0．02）,Ki-67表达与CD133 mRNA相对灰度值呈负相关（r=-0．461,P=0．009）。结论 胃癌组织CD133 mRNA的表达与反映淋巴转移的淋巴结转移率和转移淋巴结数及反映肿瘤增殖状态的Ki-67表达相关。     

肺癌组织中CD105与Nestin的表达

①目的以CD105为新生血管标记物,研究及特异性识别肿瘤组织中的新生血管。②方法采用免疫组织化学双标技术,检测45例新鲜肺癌及其癌旁组织中CD105、Nestin、α-SM-actin的表达情况;应用免疫荧光技术,检测CD105与Nestin表达的差异。③结果肺癌及其癌旁组织中CD105、Nestin的表达差异有显著性（t=20．70、54．80,P〈0．001）;肺癌组织中CD105和Nestin表达强度的差异也具有显著性（t=3．08,P〈0．01）,前者的表达高于后者;肺癌组织中CD105的表达强度与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移有明显相关性（t=2．871、3．730,P〈0．05）,Nestin的表达强度与病人的临床病理特征无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。α—SM—actin主要表达于陷于肿瘤组织内及癌旁组织中的原有成熟血管的管壁,而在肿瘤的新生血管区少有阳性表达。④结论CD105可作为新生血管的标记物用于抗肿瘤血管形成的研究和治疗;Nestin临床应用价值有待于进一步研究;新生血管内皮标记物与α—SM—actin的免疫组化双标染色可更为直观地显示肿瘤组织中的新生血管。     

紧密连接蛋白1和血管内皮生长因子C蛋白与大肠癌的关系研究

目的：探讨紧密连接蛋白1（Claudin‐1）与血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF‐C）在大肠癌组织中的表达情况及二者间的相互关系。方法对该院病理科收集的50例大肠癌组织、癌旁组织及50例正常大肠组织采用免疫组织化学S P法检测,根据患者的年龄、性别、是否发生淋巴结转移、浸润深度、临床分期进行综合比较,分析Claudin‐1和VEGF‐C蛋白在大肠癌组织中表达的相关性。结果大肠癌组织的Claudin‐1、VEGF‐C阳性率显著高于癌旁组织和正常大肠组织（χ2＝32．270,P＝0．000;χ2＝41．209,P＝0．000）;癌旁组织的 Claudin‐1、VEGF‐C阳性率显著高于正常大肠组织（χ2＝7．294,P＝0．007;χ2＝5．741,P＝0．017）。大肠癌组织Claudin‐1的表达与分化程度、浸润程度、TNM 分期、淋巴结转移具有密切关系（P＜0．05）,大肠癌组织VEGF‐C的表达与浸润程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小具有密切关系（P＜0．05）。大肠癌Claudin‐1、VEGF‐C表达具有显著的正相关关系（χ2＝10．953,P＝0．001,r＝0．468）。结论大肠癌组织的Claudin‐1、VEGF‐C表达显著高于癌旁组织和正常大肠组织,大肠癌组织的Claudin‐1、VEGF‐C表达与临床分期等因素具有一定的关系。     

食管鳞状细胞癌 ERCC1表达与临床病理特征的相关性研究

目的：研究食管鳞状细胞癌中ERCC1表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法对102例食管鳞状细胞癌患者术后肿瘤组织及癌旁正常食管粘膜组织蜡块用免疫组化方法检测 ERCC1蛋白质表达,分析其在二者中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。结果 ERCC1在癌组织中的阳性表达率为62．7％,在癌旁正常食管粘膜组织中的阳性表达率为9．8％,二者比较有统计学意义（χ2＝61．84,P ＜0．01）。ERCC1表达与淋巴结转移（χ2＝5．822,P ＜0．05）和临床分期（χ2＝4．40,P＜0．05）相关,与分化程度、浸润深度、肿瘤长度、Ki-67标记指数无明显相关（ P ＞0．05）。结论ERCC1在食管鳞状细胞癌发生、发展过程中起重要作用,ERCC1的表达与淋巴结转移和临床分期相关。     

肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133、ABCG2、p75~（NTR）在非小细胞肺癌组织的表达及其生物学意义

目的探讨肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133、ABCG2及p75NTR在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达及其生物学意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法,检测44例NSCLC组织、17例癌旁组织、17例非肿瘤组织中的CD133、ABCG2及p75NTR蛋白的表达并对结果进行分析。结果 （1）CD133、ABCG2及p75NTR蛋白在44例NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率分别为68.2%（30/44）、31.8%（14/44）、47.7%（21/44）,在17例癌旁组织中分别为5.9%（1/17）、0（0/17）、11.8%（2/17）,在17例非肿瘤组织中分别为47.1%（8/17）、11.8%（2/17）、17.6%（3/17）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其中NSCLC组织中p75NTR蛋白的阳性表达与肿瘤的远处转移密切相关（P〈0.05）;（2）随肿瘤恶性度的增加,CD133蛋白的阳性表达率也明显增加,差异接近统计学意义（P=0.07）。结论 NSCLC组织中CD133、ABCG2及p75NTR的表达明显高于癌旁及非肿瘤组织,或许这三者与NSCLC恶性演进有关;肿瘤干细胞标记物CD133的表达与NSCLC的分化密切相关,CD133蛋白或许能成为NSCLC的肿瘤干细胞标记物。     

胃动蛋白1在EB病毒相关胃癌中的表达及其意义

目的：研究EB病毒（EBV）感染与胃癌的相关性及胃动蛋白1（GKN1）表达与胃癌临床病理特征、EBV感染的关系,为EBV相关胃癌的治疗、控制和预防提供理论依据。方法胃腺癌患者104例,分析EBV感染与临床病理特征的关系。采用免疫组织化学方法检测GKN1在慢性胃炎组织、肠化胃黏膜、慢性胃溃疡组织、原位癌及胃癌组织中的表达情况;应用实时定量PCR检测胃癌及癌旁组织中GKN1 mRNA的表达水平与临床病理特征的关系。结果 EBV感染与胃癌Lauren’s分型和年龄密切相关（P＜0．05）,而与患者的性别、肿瘤部位、病理类型及TNM分期无显著相关性（P＞0．05）。GKN1 mRNA在胃腺癌和癌旁组织中的表达水平差别具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且 GKN1 mRNA 的低表达水平与肿瘤大小（P＝0．012）、发生部位（P＝0．022）及 EBV 感染（P＝0．034）密切相关。结论 GKN1可能是EBV相关胃癌潜在的肿瘤标志物。     

CD133在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与微血管密度的关系

目的：检测肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133在乳腺浸润性导管癌（infiltrating ductal carcinoma,IDC）组织中的表达及其与微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD）的关系和临床病理意义.方法：采用免疫组织化学ElivisionTM plus法检测105例IDC组织和20例癌旁乳腺组织中CD133的表达以及MVD计数.结果：在癌旁乳腺组织和IDC组织中,CD133的阳性率分别为5.0%和60.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;CD133的表达水平在肿瘤组织的分化程度、淋巴结转移和临床分期间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;MVD计数在肿瘤患者是否有淋巴结转移以及临床分期高低间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）;且CD133的阳性和阴性表达间MVD计数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论：CD133的表达和MVD计数与IDC组织的淋巴结转移与否和临床分期均有一定关系;CD133和MVD联合检测对IDC的进展及预后判断有重要意义.     

Hedgehog信号通路相关基因在大肠癌的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究Hedgehog信号通路相关基因SHH、SMO、GLI1在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法：用RT-PCR检测43例大肠癌切除标本的癌组织和距离癌10cm以上的癌旁组织的SHH、SMO、GLI1 mRNA表达的阳性率,并与20例非肠癌患者的正常大肠组织对照,分析其与大肠癌患者临床和病理各变量的相关性。结果：大肠癌组织SHH mRNA表达阳性率为27．9％,与癌旁组织的18．6％比较,差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,但显著高于正常组织的0％（P〈0．05）。大肠癌组织SMO、GLI1 mRNA表达阳性率分别为83．7％、34．9％,显著高于癌旁组织的58．1％、16．3％及正常组织的0％、0％（P〈0．05）。SHH、SMO、GLI1 mRNA表达阳性率之间并无相关性,阳性率与患者的年龄、性别、临床分期、肿瘤部位、肿瘤浸润深度、病理分型等变量均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：Hedgehog信号通路相关基因SHH、SMO、GLI1 mRNA在大肠癌组织中表达阳性率显著增高,其表达与临床和病理各变量不相关。     

Livin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨Livin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理特征的关系。方法免疫组化S-P法检测60例大肠癌手术切除标本中¨vin蛋白的表达,并探讨其与患者组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和远处转移等临床病理特征的关系。另取30例癌旁正常的大肠组织（距肿瘤边缘〉5cm）作对照。结果Livin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．01）。大肠癌组织中Livin表达水平与组织分化程度无明显的关系（P〉0,05）,随原发病灶的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和远处转移呈逐渐增加趋势（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论Livin蛋白表达不仅与大肠癌的发生和发展密切有关,而且参与了大肠癌的局部侵袭、转移过程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.