3～6岁儿童龋活跃性相关因素研究

目的 探讨广西南宁民办幼儿园儿童龋活跃性(CA)相关因素.方法 采用前瞻性自身对照研究,于2008年、2009年对南宁市3所民办幼儿园184名3 ～ 6岁儿童进行龋病检查和有关饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯和家庭情况的问卷调查,调查新增乳牙龋失补牙面数(dmfs).采用χ2检验、t检验、Spearman相关分析及多元回归分析等方法 分析新增dmfs的影响因素.结果 184名受调查幼儿2次调查患龋率分别为57.1%和76.1%,dmfs分别为5.02 ± 7.49和12.05 ± 13.00.受试幼儿园儿童1年之中的患龋率增长,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.001),dmfs增长较明显,t检验差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.001).两次均接受检查的儿童1年中新增dmfs的比例为7.08 ± 8.30.多因素分析显示受试者基线dmfs、睡前进食、牛奶或饮用水加糖是1年中新增dmfs的主要影响因素.结论 幼儿CA与受试者龋坏程度、既往龋坏情况、睡前进食、牛奶或饮用水加糖有关,提示幼儿龋病预防工作从这几方面干预的可能性.     

儿童唾液变形链球菌与患龋状况关系的研究

目的：探讨唾液变形链球菌与儿童龋病的关系。方法：通过口腔健康检查,问卷调查等全面了解并分析350名3～7岁在园儿童龋患情况及影响乳牙龋病发生的危险因素。采用直接接种轻唾培养基法检测唾液中变形链球菌浓度,探讨其与患龋情况的关系。结果：350名被检儿童中263名患龋,总患龋率75.14%,龋均4.73,龋面均11.11。单因素分析显示年龄、牛奶或饮用水加糖、吃甜食及糖果糕点次数、父亲刷牙情况及月家庭经济收入与儿童的龋患程度相关（P〈0.05）。多因素回归分析显示年龄、牛奶或饮水加糖、每日进食糖果糕点次数、父亲刷牙情况是乳牙龋的重要影响因素。350例儿童唾液变形链球菌菌落数中位数为1.61×105 CFU/mL,无龋（dmfs=0）、低龋（1≤dmft〈6）、高龋（dmfs≥6）儿童间变形链球菌浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。其中184名早期入园的儿童通过为期一年的追踪观察显示唾液变形链球菌浓度与新增dmfs呈正相关关系。结论：儿童唾液变形链球菌浓度与龋患严重程度以及龋活跃性相关。     

西安市4419名儿童乳牙龋病的牙面分布特点

西安市４４１９名儿童乳牙龋病的牙面分布特点杨富生王小竟文玲英蔡伟英樊淑梅西安市４４１９名儿童龋病的发病率、龋病程度和牙位分布，在前两文已作报告，本文阐述４４１９名儿童乳牙龋病的牙面分布特点。调查对象、内容和方法同前文。１结果（表１～６）表１１５７６３...     

厦门市976名5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况调查

目的 了解厦门市5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况。方法 对厦门市12所幼儿园的976名5岁儿童龋病进行调查和统计学分析。结果 厦门市976名5岁儿童患龋率为71.31％,龋均为3.76,患龋乳牙充填率为11.27％,仅占构成比的6.82％。结论 厦门市5岁儿童乳牙患龋率高,充填率低,今后的龋病防治工作仍然任重道远。     

广东省增城市儿童乳牙龋调查回顾分析

1资料与方法对增城市机关幼儿园、童心幼儿园4岁和6岁的儿童,按第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案为标准,在自然光下采用口镜、探针检查龋病情况。口腔检查工作由口腔专业人员进行调查培训后进行。2结果1996年和2003年儿童的患龋情况见表1,1996年和2003年儿童龋齿治疗情况见表2。表11996年和2003年儿童的患龋情况年份4岁受检人数患龋率(%)龋均6岁受检人数患龋率(%)龋均199612264.932.6410683.024.25200313452.242.0312875.003.78表21996年和2003年儿童龋齿治疗情况年份4岁患龋人数治疗人数患龋牙数充填率6岁患龋人数治疗人数患龋牙数充填…     

云南省五岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况。方法：随机抽取云南省三个城市三个农村的２１３２名５岁常住儿童,采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准调查龋齿患病情况。结果：云南省５岁儿童乳牙患龋率为７５．７５％,龋均为４．４４,充填率仅为６．５７％,仅占构成比的４．３９％。结论：云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病率高,充填率低。儿童龋病防治应注重两个方面：１．加强对家长和教师的幼儿口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传。     

广州天河区儿童乳牙龋调查回顾分析

目的 了解天河区1995年和2001年儿童乳牙患龋情况。以便更有效的开展龋病预防工作。方法 调查比较1995年和2001年4岁，6岁儿童乳牙患龋情况。治疗情况。结果 4岁与6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率和龋均降低，治疗率和充填率提高，龋病在少数儿童中高发，结论 儿童口腔保健知识得到较好普及并起到积极的作用。     

低龄儿童乳牙龋病流行病学及龋活跃性分析

目的:调查3～6岁儿童乳牙龋病的流行情况,研究龋活跃性与患龋严重程度的关系。方法:纳入南京市6所幼儿园1 375名3～6岁儿童进行口腔检查和龋活跃性试验。结果:3～6岁儿童平均患龋率和龋均分别为50.48%和2.13,龋齿充填率6.93%,其中5岁年龄组患龋率和龋均分别为61.42%和2.92。龋活跃性各分值之间的患龋率及龋均差异显著(P<0.01)。龋活跃性与患龋率及龋均呈高度正相关(P<0.01)。结论:3～6岁年龄段儿童的患龋情况严重,且治疗率十分低,应加强口腔健康教育,开展多种防龋措施。龋活跃性检测结果能够真实反映患龋现状,有助于筛选龋易感者。     

学龄前儿童乳牙局部加氟抑龋研究

目的 :利用局部加氟方法抑制乳上前牙龋病进展。方法 :选用同一生活区内有上前牙乳牙龋的 779名 3～6岁学龄前儿童 ,经基线检查、记录结束后 ,分成实验组和对照组。第一、二组每日氟水含漱 (0 .0 5 %) ,第三、四组每3个月一次含氟涂料涂布 ,其中第二、四组处理前去除软龋 ,1年后复查抑龋效果。结果 :各组抑龋牙面龋为 0 .91±1.88、1.0 2± 2 .11、2 .47± 1.90、2 .75± 1.90、0 .75± 2 .34。结论 :局部加氟抑龋效果确定 ,实施前是否去除龋坏组织对抑龋效果无明显影响。     

Caries in the primary dentition, after discontinuation of water fluoridation, among children receiving comprehensive dental care

Abstract – The city of Kuopio in central Finland had fluoridated piped water for 33 years, beginning in 1959. Due to strong opposition by various civic groups, water fluoridation was stopped at the end of 1992. There is little information on the consequences of stopping fluoridation in a community with comprehensive dental care for all children and adolescents, who are frequently exposed to different fluoride measures both at home and in the dental office. Objectives: The aim of this repeated cross‐sectional survey was to examine how discontinuation of water fluoridation in Kuopio affected caries in the primary dentition. Changes in the mean dmfs values between 1992 and 1995 in Kuopio were compared to those in Jyväskylä, a low‐fluoride community that has repeatedly been used as the reference area for Kuopio. Methods: In 1992 and 1995, independent random samples of all children aged 3, 6 and 9 years were drawn in Kuopio and Jyväskylä. The total number of subjects examined was 421 in 1992 and 894 in 1995. Calibrated dentists registered caries clinically and radiographically. Results: In all age groups both in 1992 and 1995, the point estimates for mean dmfs values were lower in the non‐fluoridated town. In both towns, the observed mean dmfs values were smaller in 1995 than in 1992. Conclusion: Despite discontinuation of water fluoridation, no increase of caries frequency in primary teeth was observed in Kuopio within a three‐year period.     

Caries experience of the primary dentition among groups of Tanzanian urban preschool-children

Five hundred and forty-six urban Tanzanian preschoolchildren aged 5-7 were examined for dental caries in the primary dentition. Caries was diagnosed according to the WHO criteria (1977). The mean dft was 1.06 (1.76) for the whole sample and 62% of the children were caries free. Only three fillings were observed in the primary teeth, indicating a very low rate of conservative treatment in this population group. The results of this study call for both preventive and restorative care for this group. However, for these activities to be cost effective they will have to be focused on the 38% of children who have the experience of dental caries. Planning an appropriate oral care program for this risk group needs careful consideration within the Tanzanian context.     

Caries decline in the primary dentition of Belgian children over 15 years

OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate changes in caries prevalence in the primary dentition of children resident in Brussels, Belgium between 1983 and 1998, (2) to analyse associations between changes in caries and children's socioeconomic and ethnic aspects. METHODS: In the Brussels region, children in the first grade at the same schools were sampled in cohort 1983 (n = 396) and cohort 1998 (n = 473). Caries experience of Belgian and non-Belgian nationals was summarized in dmf scores. The socioeconomic status of the children was established based on their parents' education and profession. The children were categorized in eight subgroups in relation to their socioeconomic status, ethnic origin and cohort (SESEC subgroups). RESULTS: The percentage of caries-free children increased significantly from 31.5% to 47.5%. A reduction was observed in the dmft scores from 3.9 to 2.3 (P < 0.001) and in the dmfs scores from 6.9 to 5.0 (P < 0.001). The odds ratio of being caries-free was 2.5 times higher for privileged children and 2.3 times higher for children belonging to cohort 1998. The ANCOVA analyses revealed that most of the SESEC subgroups showed significant reduction in dmft scores from 1983 to 1998 (P < 0.003). Conclusions: Children resident in Brussels showed caries decline in their primary dentition over 15 years. Diversity in caries decline was associated with children's socioeconomic status and ethnic origin.     

Caries experience in the primary dentition of Tanzanian and Finnish 3–7-year-old children

Caries experience of primary teeth in relation to age, sex, ethnic group, socioeconomic status and frequency of consuming sweet snacks and drinks was studied among groups of Tanzanian and Finnish 3-7-yr-olds, a total of 1118 children. In all age groups the Tanzanian children had higher mean dmft scores than Finnish children did. In the Finnish group the mean dmft score was higher at age 7 than at age 3, while in the Tanzanian group no statistically significant difference in dmft scores was found between age groups. In both groups maxillary incisors and molars were the main teeth affected by caries. Frequent consumption of sweet snacks and drinks increased the risk for caries in Tanzanian but not in Finnish children. High socioeconomic status decreased the risk for caries in Finnish children but among Tanzanian children high SES was not associated significantly with the risk of developing caries. According to these results, caries experience in Tanzanian urban nursery school children was significantly higher than in Finnish children of the same age, the differences being especially high among the youngest age groups.     

Caries experience in the primary dentition among French 6-year-olds between 1991 and 2000

BACKGROUND: There are few national caries preventive policies for children in France. Various surveys suggest that in the late 1980s, oral health of the 6-year olds in France was poorer than in those of other European countries. In Val de Marne (a Department just east of Paris) a public dental service was established in 1991. A programme to inform preschool staff about dental diseases was commenced and volunteers brought oral health information to parents and health professionals. Periodical monitoring of primary tooth caries of 6-year olds was planned. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in primary tooth caries in 6-year olds over the 10 years of the programme. METHODS: Participating 6-year olds, randomly selected, were examined in schools by dentists. Clinical data were collected (WHO criteria). Sociodemographic data were collected through questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved comparison of mean values, variance analysis and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS: The proportions of children with caries experience were, 38.9%, 30.6% and 22.2% in 1991, 1995 and 2000 respectively (P < 0.01). The dft index decreased from 1.74 to 1.39 and 1.05 respectively. About 75% of children with dental caries remained untreated. Children of non-European native parents or belonging to low socioeconomic families remained those most affected by dental caries in 2000. CONCLUSION: Dental caries in 6-year olds improved between 1991 and 2000 in Val de Marne but caries remained a socially inequitable disease. Most children did not have access to dental care. The situation requires changes to the dental care provision system.     

Caries in primary dentition related to age, sex social status, and county of residence in Finland

Abstract The study material consisted of 1417 children 6–8 years old representing 86% of a stratified random sample from the Finnish population. Data on caries and social class were obtained by questionnaire from the municipal dental clinics in 1978. Clinical findings for primary teeth were recorded by local dentists. Incisors were excluded from the study. 80% of the children had caries lesions, and 63 % were in need of restorative care. Mean dmft value was 4.4, mean dt, ft, and mt values were 2.3, 2.6 and 0.3, respectively. Occurrence of untreated caries lesions did not vary according to age. Compared to the girls, boys had lost twice as many teeth due to caries. No other differences were observed between sexes. Both past caries experience and need of restorative care increased continuously from the highest social class to the lowest. Observed regional differences were explained mainly by variation in social stratification, except in an area with abundant natural fluoride. More active dental care is needed for children with primary teeth, especially in lower social classes.     

四川省6岁儿童乳恒牙患龋状况及相关性研究

目的了解四川省6岁儿童患龋情况,探讨乳磨牙患龋与第一恒磨牙患龋之间的相关性。方法参照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案,在四川省3个城市、3个农村随机抽样选取调查点,共调查714名6岁儿童的患龋情况,并分析乳磨牙患龋情况与第一恒磨牙患龋情况之间的相关性。结果四川省6岁儿童乳牙患龋率为74.37%,龋均为3.94±3.93,龋齿充填率为4.96%。乳牙患龋率和龋均在男性和女性、城市和农村儿童间无统计学差异（P>0.05）,城市乳牙龋齿充填率高于农村（P<0.05）。已萌的第一恒磨牙中有2.98%患龋,充填率为7.69%。乳磨牙患龋是第一恒磨牙患龋的危险因素[P=0.001,r=0.175,OR=5.756,95%CI（1.733,19.121）],乳磨牙与第一恒磨牙的龋均呈弱相关（P<0.001,r=0.194）。结论四川省6岁儿童乳牙患龋情况较重,乳磨牙龋坏可作为临床及预防工作中预测第一恒磨牙龋坏的因素之一。     

Caries in primary dentition and social class in high and low fluoride areas

Abstract Of the two random samples studied, the first represented 6–8-year-old residents of a natural high fluoride area (n= 115) and residents of all other areas of Finland (n= 1219). The second sample was representative for 7–9-year-old children participating in public dental care in an area with artificially fluoridated pipe water (n= 182) and areas with low fluoride (n = 530) in one Finnish county. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on social class; caries diagnoses were made by local dentists in municipal dental clinics. Children in the highest social class had the lowest caries experience in both high and low fluoride areas. Differences between middle and lower social class children were small. Fluoride affected caries in the primary dentition similarly in all social classes; in both samples this was shown statistically by non significant interaction between social class and fluoride. In Finland, differences between social classes in caries in the primary dentition cannot be removed solely by implementing water fluoridation.     

Caries prevalence and severity in the primary dentition and Streptococcus mutans levels in the saliva of preschoolchildren in South Africa

The caries prevalence (dmft) and severity (css) in 3-, 4-, and 5-yr-old children in South Africa were examined. Four levels of S. mutans in the saliva of 228 of these children was estimated by the spatula method. In all three age groups a statistically higher dmft and css was found with a S. mutans level of greater than 10(6) CFU/ml in saliva than at lower concentrations. At age 5 ANOVA showed significant differences between dmft and css at all S. mutans levels. A high concentration of S. mutans in the saliva may be an indicator of the high risk child at an early age.     

儿童乳牙龋和乳牙黑色素沉着关系研究

目的　评价学龄前儿童乳牙色素沉着患病率以及色素沉着与乳牙龋之间的关系。方法　选取上海市5个公立幼儿园的1 012名学龄前儿童进行调查,1名口腔医师采用WHO推荐的方法进行龋齿的检查,另1名口腔医师检查颊舌面色素沉着。采用SPSS软件对数据进行统计分析。结果　乳牙色素沉着的患病率为12.7%,色素沉着最常见的部位是下颌前牙的舌侧。乳牙色素沉着与年龄和性别无关。城区幼儿园儿童乳牙色素沉着患病率为16%,明显高于郊区儿童6.4%的患病率（P<0.001）。有色素沉着的儿童患龋率和龋失补牙数、龋失补牙面数分别为56.6%、2.94和4.41,明显低于无色素沉着儿童（72.1%,dmft:4.25; dmfs:7.06,P<0.001）。但两组龋齿的牙面分布比例无明显区别。结论　乳牙色素沉着和乳牙龋之间存在负相关关系。