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1.
Thomas Scheier Adrian Schibli Geri Eich Christian Rüegg Frank Kube Adrian Schmid Urs Karrer Aline Wolfensberger Hugo Sax Peter W. Schreiber 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):404
Switzerland began a national lockdown on March 16, 2020, in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in April 2020. These 4 acute care hospitals screened 2,807 patients, including 2,278 (81.2%) who did not have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, 529 (18.8%) persons had >1 symptom of COVID-19, of whom 60 (11.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eight asymptomatic persons (0.4%) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that screening on the basis of COVID-19 symptoms, regardless of clinical suspicion, can identify most SARS-CoV-2–positive persons in a low-prevalence setting. 相似文献
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Barbara Colitti Luigi Bertolotti Alessandro Mannelli Gianmarco Ferrara Andrea Vercelli Andrea Grassi Claudio Trentin Saverio Paltrinieri Chiara Nogarol Nicola Decaro Emiliana Brocchi Sergio Rosati 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(7):1919
We conducted a serologic survey among dogs and cats in Italy to detect antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We found that SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was higher among cats (16.2%) than dogs (2.3%). In addition, seroprevalence was higher among animals living in close contact with SARS-CoV-2–positive owners. 相似文献
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Joseph A. Lewnard Ana M. Mora Oguchi Nkwocha Katherine Kogut Stephen A. Rauch Norma Morga Samantha Hernandez Marcus P. Wong Karen Huen Kristin Andrejko Nicholas P. Jewell Kimberly L. Parra Nina Holland Eva Harris Maximiliano Cuevas Brenda Eskenazi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1330
During the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, farmworkers in the United States are considered essential personnel and continue in-person work. We conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in Salinas Valley, California, during June 15–November 30, 2020. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). In a nested study enrolling 1,115 farmworkers, prevalence of current infection was 27.7% among farmworkers reporting >1 COVID-19 symptom and 7.2% among farmworkers without symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 2.85–6.06). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies increased from 10.5% (95% CI 6.0%–18.4%) during July 16–August 31 to 21.2% (95% CI 16.6%–27.4%) during November 1–30. High SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among farmworkers underscores the need for vaccination and other preventive interventions. 相似文献
4.
Jackie Kleynhans Stefano Tempia Nicole Wolter Anne von Gottberg Jinal N. Bhiman Amelia Buys Jocelyn Moyes Meredith L. McMorrow Kathleen Kahn F. Xavier Gmez-Oliv Stephen Tollman Neil A. Martinson Floidy Wafawanaka Limakatso Lebina Jacques du Toit Waasila Jassat Mzimasi Neti Marieke Brauer Cheryl Cohen for the PHIRST-C Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):3020
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections may be underestimated because of limited access to testing. We measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in South Africa every 2 months during July 2020–March 2021 in randomly selected household cohorts in 2 communities. We compared seroprevalence to reported laboratory-confirmed infections, hospitalizations, and deaths to calculate infection–case, infection–hospitalization, and infection–fatality ratios in 2 waves of infection. Post–second wave seroprevalence ranged from 18% in the rural community children <5 years of age, to 59% in urban community adults 35–59 years of age. The second wave saw a shift in age distribution of case-patients in the urban community (from persons 35–59 years of age to persons at the extremes of age), higher attack rates in the rural community, and a higher infection–fatality ratio in the urban community. Approximately 95% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were not reported to national surveillance. 相似文献
5.
《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2064
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is evolving differently in Africa than in other regions. Africa has lower SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates and milder clinical manifestations. Detailed SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic data are needed in Africa. We used publicly available data to calculate SARS-CoV-2 infections per 1,000 persons in The Gambia. We evaluated transmission rates among 1,366 employees of the Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRCG), where systematic surveillance of symptomatic cases and contact tracing were implemented. By September 30, 2020, The Gambia had identified 3,579 SARS-CoV-2 cases, including 115 deaths; 67% of cases were identified in August. Among infections, MRCG staff accounted for 191 cases; all were asymptomatic or mild. The cumulative incidence rate among nonclinical MRCG staff was 124 infections/1,000 persons, which is >80-fold higher than estimates of diagnosed cases among the population. Systematic surveillance and seroepidemiologic surveys are needed to clarify the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa. 相似文献
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Maryam Shakiba Maryam Nazemipour Arsalan Salari Fardin Mehrabian Seyed Saeed H. Nazari Seyed Mahmoud Rezvani Zahra Ghasempour Abtin Heidarzadeh Mohammad Ali Mansournia 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):636
We determined the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an affected area in northern Iran in April 2020. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 528 persons by using rapid tests. Adjusted prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 22.2% (95% CI 16.4%–28.5%). 相似文献
8.
《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):35
During July 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 variant infections, including vaccine breakthrough infections, occurred after large public gatherings in Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA, prompting a multistate investigation. Public health departments identified primary and secondary cases by using coronavirus disease surveillance data, case investigations, and contact tracing. A primary case was defined as SARS-CoV-2 detected <14 days after travel to or residence in Provincetown during July 3–17. A secondary case was defined as SARS-CoV-2 detected <14 days after close contact with a person who had a primary case but without travel to or residence in Provincetown during July 3–August 10. We identified 1,098 primary cases and 30 secondary cases associated with 26 primary cases among fully and non–fully vaccinated persons. Large gatherings can have widespread effects on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and fully vaccinated persons should take precautions, such as masking, to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly during substantial or high transmission. 相似文献
9.
Samira Sami Lara J. Akinbami Lyle R. Petersen Addie Crawley Susan L. Lukacs Don Weiss Rebecca A. Henseler Nga Vuong Lisa Mackey Anita Patel Lisa A. Grohskopf Beth Maldin Morgenthau Demetre Daskalakis Preeti Pathela 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):796
We conducted a serologic survey in public service agencies in New York City, New York, USA, during May–July 2020 to determine prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among first responders. Of 22,647 participants, 22.5% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies. Seroprevalence for police and firefighters was similar to overall seroprevalence; seroprevalence was highest in correctional staff (39.2%) and emergency medical technicians (38.3%) and lowest in laboratory technicians (10.1%) and medicolegal death investigators (10.8%). Adjusted analyses demonstrated association between seropositivity and exposure to SARS-CoV-2–positive household members (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.52 [95% CI 3.19–3.87]), non-Hispanic Black race or ethnicity (aOR 1.50 [95% CI 1.33–1.68]), and severe obesity (aOR 1.31 [95% CI 1.05–1.65]). Consistent glove use (aOR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06–1.33]) increased likelihood of seropositivity; use of other personal protective equipment had no association. Infection control measures, including vaccination, should be prioritized for frontline workers. 相似文献
10.
Francis Ateba Ndongo Emilande Guichet Eric Donald Mimb Justin Ndi Raphael Pelloquin Marie Varloteaux Livo Esemu Mireille Mpoudi-Etame Nadine Lamare Ginette Edoul Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo Dowbiss Meta Djomsi Marcel Tongo Flicit Naah Tabala Rogacien Kana Dongmo Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo Julie Bouillin Guillaume Thaurignac Ahidjo Ayouba Martine Peeters Eric Delaporte Anne-Ccile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Eitel Mpoudi-Ngol 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(6):1233
We conducted 2 independent population-based SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys in Yaoundé, Cameroon, during January 27–February 6 and April 24–May 19, 2021. Overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence increased from 18.6% in the first survey to 51.3% in the second (p<0.001). This finding illustrates high community transmission during the second wave of COVID-19. 相似文献
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Cuong Duy Vuong Minh Nong An Van Ngo Tra Thu Doan Tuan Quang Nguyen Phuong Thai Truong Linus Olson Mattias Larsson 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):10
We report on the public health response generated by an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that occurred during March 2020 at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH) in Hanoi, northern Vietnam’s largest hospital complex. On March 18, a total of 3 distinct clusters of COVID-19 cases were identified at BMH. Diagnosis of the initial 3 COVID-19 cases led to contact tracing, symptom screening, and testing of 495 persons and limited quarantine of affected institutes or departments. When 27 staff members in the catering company tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the entire BMH staff (7,664 persons) was put under quarantine. Contact tracing in the community resulted in an additional 52,239 persons being quarantined. After 3 weeks, the hospital outbreak was contained; no further spread occurred in the hospital. Rapid screening of cases, extensive testing, prompt quarantine, contact tracing, and social distancing contributed to prevent community transmission in Hanoi and northern Vietnam. 相似文献
13.
Johanna Erber Verena Kappler Bernhard Haller Hrvoje Mijo
evi Ana Galhoz Clarissa Prazeres da Costa Friedemann Gebhardt Natalia Graf Dieter Hoffmann Markus Thaler Elke Lorenz Hedwig Roggendorf Florian Kohlmayer Andreas Henkel Michael P. Menden Jürgen Ruland Christoph D. Spinner Ulrike Protzer Percy Knolle Paul Lingor 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(3):572
Hospital staff are at high risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital staff at the University Hospital rechts der Isar in Munich, Germany, and identify modulating factors. Overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-IgG in 4,554 participants was 2.4%. Staff engaged in direct patient care, including those working in COVID-19 units, had a similar probability of being seropositive as non–patient-facing staff. Increased probability of infection was observed in staff reporting interactions with SARS-CoV-2‒infected coworkers or private contacts or exposure to COVID-19 patients without appropriate personal protective equipment. Analysis of spatiotemporal trajectories identified that distinct hotspots for SARS-CoV-2‒positive staff and patients only partially overlap. Patient-facing work in a healthcare facility during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic might be safe as long as adequate personal protective equipment is used and infection prevention practices are followed inside and outside the hospital 相似文献
14.
Nicholas B. Lehnertz Xiong Wang Jacob Garfin Joanne Taylor Jennifer Zipprich Brittany VonBank Karen Martin Dana Eikmeier Carlota Medus Brooke Wiedinmyer Carmen Bernu Matthew Plumb Kelly Pung Margaret A. Honein Rosalind Carter Duncan MacCannell Kirk E. Smith Kathryn Como-Sabetti Kris Ehresmann Richard Danila Ruth Lynfield 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2052
Coronavirus disease has disproportionately affected persons in congregate settings and high-density workplaces. To determine more about the transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in these settings, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on 319 (14.4%) samples from 2,222 SARS-CoV-2–positive persons associated with 8 outbreaks in Minnesota, USA, during March–June 2020. Sequencing indicated that virus spread in 3 long-term care facilities and 2 correctional facilities was associated with a single genetic sequence and that in a fourth long-term care facility, outbreak cases were associated with 2 distinct sequences. In contrast, cases associated with outbreaks in 2 meat-processing plants were associated with multiple SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These results suggest that a single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into a facility can result in a widespread outbreak. Early identification and cohorting (segregating) of virus-positive persons in these settings, along with continued vigilance with infection prevention and control measures, is imperative. 相似文献
15.
Huynh Kim Mai Nguyen Bao Trieu Trinh Hoang Long Hoang Tien Thanh Nguyen Dinh Luong Le Xuan Huy Lam Anh Nguyet Dinh Nguyen Huy Man Danielle E. Anderson Tran Tan Thanh Nguyen Van Vinh Chau Guy Thwaites Lin-Fa Wang Le Van Tan Do Thai Hung 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):663
Antibody response against nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in 11 persons with mild or asymptomatic infection rapidly increased after infection. At weeks 18–30 after diagnosis, all remained seropositive but spike protein–targeting antibody titers declined. These data may be useful for vaccine development. 相似文献
16.
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz Cameron Goldbeck Fred Hertlein Isaac Turner Jeffrey D. Klausner 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2021,54(3):161
ObjectivesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads heterogeneously, disproportionately impacting poor and minority communities. The relationship between poverty and race is complex, with a diverse set of structural and systemic factors driving higher rates of poverty among minority populations. The factors that specifically contribute to the disproportionate rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, are not clearly understood.MethodsWe evaluated SARS-CoV-2 test results from community-based testing sites in Los Angeles, California, between June and December, 2020. We used tester zip code data to link those results with United States Census report data on average annual household income, rates of healthcare coverage, and employment status by zip code.ResultsWe analyzed 2 141 127 SARS-CoV-2 test results, of which 245 154 (11.4%) were positive. Multivariable modeling showed a higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among Hispanic communities than among other races. We found an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 positivity among individuals from zip codes with an average annual household income <US$65 000 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72 to 1.82), as well as from zip codes with <85% of individuals with health insurance (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.33), and <60% of individuals employed (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.44).ConclusionsResidence in zip codes with lower average annual household income, lower rates of employment, or lower rates of health insurance was associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Further research is needed into how those factors increase the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among populations of lower socioeconomic status in order to develop targeted public health interventions. 相似文献
17.
Claudia Schulz Byron Martina Monica Mirolo Elisabeth Müller Ruth Klein Holger Volk Herman Egberink Mariana Gonzalez-Hernandez Franziska Kaiser Maren von Kckritz-Blickwede Albert Osterhaus 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):3115
We conducted a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroprevalence study among >2,000 domestic cats from 4 countries during the first coronavirus disease wave in Europe. We found 4.4% seroprevalence using a virus neutralization test and 4.3% using a receptor-binding domain ELISA, demonstrating probable human-to-cat transmission. 相似文献
18.
Megan Wallace Allison E. James Rachel Silver Mitsuki Koh Farrell A. Tobolowsky Sean Simonson Jeremy A. W. Gold Rena Fukunaga Henry Njuguna Keith Bordelon Jonathan Wortham Melissa Coughlin Jennifer L. Harcourt Azaibi Tamin Brett Whitaker Natalie J. Thornburg Ying Tao Krista Queen Anna Uehara Clinton R. Paden Jing Zhang Suxiang Tong Danielle Haydel Ha Tran Kaylee Kim Kiva A. Fisher Mariel Marlow Jacqueline E. Tate Reena H. Doshi Theresa Sokol Kathryn G. Curran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):421
To assess transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a detention facility experiencing a coronavirus disease outbreak and evaluate testing strategies, we conducted a prospective cohort investigation in a facility in Louisiana, USA. We conducted SARS-CoV-2 testing for detained persons in 6 quarantined dormitories at various time points. Of 143 persons, 53 were positive at the initial test, and an additional 58 persons were positive at later time points (cumulative incidence 78%). In 1 dormitory, all 45 detained persons initially were negative; 18 days later, 40 (89%) were positive. Among persons who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 47% (52/111) were asymptomatic at the time of specimen collection; 14 had replication-competent virus isolated. Serial SARS-CoV-2 testing might help interrupt transmission through medical isolation and quarantine. Testing in correctional and detention facilities will be most effective when initiated early in an outbreak, inclusive of all exposed persons, and paired with infection prevention and control. 相似文献
19.
Aharona Glatman-Freedman Michal Bromberg Yael Hershkovitz Hanna Sefty Zalman Kaufman Rita Dichtiar Lital Keinan-Boker 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(5):948
We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, https://www.pfizer.com) booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduction of complications (hospitalization, severe disease, and death) among breakthrough cases in persons in Israel >16 years of age for <20 weeks. VE estimates reached 96.8% (95% CI 96.0%–97.5%) for persons 16–59 years of age and 93.1% (95% CI 91.8%–94.2%) for persons >60 years of age on week 3. VE estimates remained at these levels for 8 weeks in the 16–59 age group and 11 weeks in those >60. A slow decline followed, becoming more pronounced in the last 2–3 weeks of evaluation. Estimates in the last week of evaluation were 77.6% (95% CI 68.4%–84.2%) and 61.3% (52.5%–68.4%) for persons 16–59 years and >60 years, respectively. The more pronounced VE decline coincided with rapid increase in Omicron variant activity. Rate reduction of breakthrough complications remained moderate to high throughout the evaluation. 相似文献
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Sina Schwarzkopf Adalbert Krawczyk Dietmar Knop Hannes Klump Andreas Heinold Falko M. Heinemann Laura Thümmler Christian Temme Marianne Breyer Oliver Witzke Ulf Dittmer Veronika Lenz Peter A. Horn Monika Lindemann 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):122
We investigated immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among a group of convalescent, potential blood donors in Germany who had PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sixty days after onset of symptoms, 13/78 (17%) study participants had borderline or negative results to an ELISA detecting IgG against the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed participants with PCR-confirmed infection who had strong antibody responses (ratio >3) as positive controls and participants without symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and without household contact with infected patients as negative controls. Using interferon-γ ELISpot, we observed that 78% of PCR-positive volunteers with undetectable antibodies showed T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We observed a similar frequency (80%) of T-cell immunity in convalescent donors with strong antibody responses but did not detect immunity in negative controls. We concluded that, in convalescent patients with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG, immunity may be mediated through T cells. 相似文献