CIK细胞体外实验研究及治疗肿瘤的临床疗效

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine induced killer,CIK）是近年来发现的一种新型抗瘤细胞,以其体外增殖数量大、对肿瘤杀伤活性强、抗瘤谱广、副作用小等特点,逐渐被人们所认识,并应用于临床。本文就CIK细胞体外增殖特性进行了研究并对CIK细胞治疗肿瘤的疗效进行观察。     

CIK细胞对Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的 观察CIK细胞对Lewis肺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,探讨其抑瘤机制.方法 常规方法培养CIK细胞,以CIK细胞为效应细胞,Lewis肺癌细胞为靶细胞,以不同效靶比共同培养,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,同时电镜观察Lewis肺癌细胞形态特征改变;流式细胞仪检测Lewis肺癌细胞的凋亡;免疫细胞化学法检测并比较FasL在单个核细胞和CIK细胞表面的表达;用MTF法检测抗FasL单克隆抗体对CIK细胞杀伤Lewis肺癌细胞的影响.结果 电镜观察:CIK细胞能促进Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡超微结构的改变;流式细胞仪检测:CIK细胞组凋亡率明显高于对照组;FasL在CIK细胞表达增加;抗Fas单抗可抑制CIK杀伤Lewis肺癌细胞的活性.结论 CIK细胞可在体内及体外抑制Lewis肺癌细胞增殖,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,Fas/FasL途径在其中发挥一定作用.     

CIK细胞诱导及对K562细胞毒作用的研究

目的 体外诱导细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK),并研究其生物学活性.方法 从外周血分离单个核细胞(PBMC),经过细胞因子诱导、培养并扩增CIK细胞,以LAK细胞作比较,检测CIK的增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测CIK细胞表面标志CD3、CD56,MTT法检测对K562细胞系杀伤活性.结果 CIK细胞第二周进入快速增殖期,到第21d扩增倍数超过120倍,CD3 、CD56 细胞扩增倍数达15倍以上;CIK对K562细胞的杀伤能力明显优于LAK细胞.结论 CIK细胞是一种具有很强杀瘤活性的免疫活性细胞,具有临床应用前景.     

CIK细胞的体外扩增及其抗肿瘤特性的研究

目的　观察CIK细胞的体外增殖能力及其抗肿瘤特性。方法　用淋巴细胞分离液分离外周血单个核细胞 ,加入不同的细胞因子 (IFN、IL 1、IL 2、CD3 mAb) ,诱导生成CIK细胞 ,观察CIK细胞的扩增情况 ,用流式细胞仪检测其表面标志 ,MTT法测定其杀瘤活性。结果　CIK细胞具有较强的扩增能力 ,经过 30天培养 ,总的细胞数可扩增至 70多倍 ;CIK细胞是一群异质细胞群 ,CD3 + CD56+ 细胞为其主要的效应细胞 ,经过 30天培养显著增加 ,为 (39 90± 8 6 3) % ,其绝对值可增加 30 0 0多倍 ;CIK细胞具有较强的杀瘤能力 ,在第 10天时杀瘤活性为6 0 6 9% ,显著高于LAK、CD3 AK细胞 ,在第 2 0天时达到最高值 ,为 78 92 %。结论　CIK细胞具有较强的扩增和杀瘤能力 ,可为过继免疫治疗提供新的手段。     

CIK细胞与LAK细胞对Lewis肺癌小鼠的抑瘤作用

目的观察CIK(cytokinc induced Killer)细胞及LAK(1ymphokine activated killer)细胞对Lewis肺癌小鼠的抑瘤作用。方法建立Lewis肺癌小鼠动物模型，静脉输入CIK细胞做抗肿瘤治疗，同时设LAK对照，用同位素法检测经治疗后荷瘤鼠T细胞增殖及NK细胞毒活性。结果CIK细胞对Lewis肺癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用显著强于LAK细胞。结论CIK细胞对Lewis肺癌小鼠有明显的抗肿瘤作用，并且优于LAK细胞。     

植物血凝素对杀瘤细胞刺激作用的研究

本文应用植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）对ＬＡＫ细胞和ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞进行预刺激，并分析几种效应细胞在增殖水平、细胞表型、对Ｋ５６２细胞等的杀伤作用，结果经ＰＨＡ预刺激后的效应细胞体外扩增能力强，ＣＤ８表达水平高，对Ｋ５６２和Ｒａｊｉ有较强的抑制能力。     

CIK细胞体外培养的免疫表型

目的探讨体外培养过程中细胞因子激活的杀伤细胞(CIK)免疫表型的动态变化。方法通过向外周血单个粒细胞(PBMC)中加入白细胞介素2(IL-2)、γIL-1α、γ干扰素(γ-IFN)与抗CD3McAb,诱导出CIK细胞。经流式细胞分析法对CIK细胞进行动态表型分析。结果动态表型分析显示,在第14~21天时CD3 CD16 56 细胞为(31·6±5·5)%~(35·8±9·7)%,呈高表达的平台期。结论CIK细胞在体外培养14~21d,CIK细胞CD3 CD16 56 双阳性细胞呈高表达,此时临床应用可取得较好疗效。     

9种中药提取物细胞毒性及其与人结肠腺癌细胞系单层细胞旁通透性的相关性研究

目的了解9种中药提取物对Caco-2细胞毒性与对其细胞单层细胞-细胞间通透性的相关性。方法用MTT法测定9种中药提取物24 h及48 h的细胞毒,并计算IC50值。采用TranswellTM培养板构建Caco-2细胞单层,细胞电阻仪测定受试物对其TEER值的影响,找到影响细胞单层紧密连接的临界剂量,以此剂量与细胞毒参数行相关分析。结果 24、48 h细胞毒参数(IC50)与临界剂量(最大无毒剂量、最小有毒剂量)相关系数均>0.84,相关性检验P值均<0.01。最大无毒剂量与IC50的比值列阵显示,《小品方》甘草饮最小,三七醇提物最大。结论 9种中药提取物对Caco-2细胞毒与该细胞单层细胞旁通透性高度相关,采用细胞毒参数来预估中药提取物在Caco-2单层细胞模型供侧起始最大浓度具可行性。     

不同冻存条件对细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞的细胞表型及杀伤活性的影响

目的 探讨不同冻存条件下细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)细胞表型的变化及对K562细胞杀伤活性的影响.方法 收集培养12 d的CIK细胞,分别冻存于-80℃冰箱及液氮中,于冻存后4、12、24周复苏,通过流式细胞仪检测CIK细胞表型变化,CCK-8法测定其对K562细胞的杀伤活性,并与未冻存CIK细胞进行比较.结果 液氮冻存4、12、24周及-80℃冻存4周后复苏培养的CIK细胞增殖、细胞存活率、免疫细胞表型及对K562的杀伤活性与未冻存组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).-80℃冻存12周及24后复苏培养的CIK细胞与未冻存组比较,细胞增殖明显抑制,细胞存活率低,CD3+、CD3 +/CD4+、CD3 +/CD8+、CD3 +/CD56+细胞比例显著降低,对K562细胞杀伤活性显著抑制(P＜0.05).结论 临床治疗中CIK细胞应尽量冻存于液氮中,如冻存于-80℃时冻存时间应≤4周.     

The in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of remeron on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Remeron (Mirtazapine) is an antidepressant drug which exerts its action by blocking presynaptic α-2-adrenergic receptors and postsynaptic serotonin types 2 and 3 receptors. In this in vitro analysis, human peripheral blood lymphocytes was treated by remeron (10, 25, 40 and 55 μg/mL) for 24 hours and 48 hours periods, then it was attempted to study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the substance on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by some tests such as sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Also proliferating effect of the substance was investigated. Remeron didn’t significantly cause chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange while caused micronucleus at 40 μg/mL concentration and 24?h periodic time and increased proliferation index of the both 24 and 48 hours treated cells was decreased in a concentration manner. Also, exposing to the remeron for 24 and 48 hours leaded to a decrease in mitotic index and nucleus division index in the cells by concentration dependent manner. These findings showed that remeron did not have significantly genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes while it showed cytotoxic effects on the cells, which is the first report on genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of remeron.     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of doxycycline in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Doxycycline (DOX) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of many infections. In this study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of DOX in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated by measuring chromosome aberrations (CAs), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, mitotic index (MI), and nuclear division index (NDI). Cultures were treated with DOX at three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 µg/mL) for 48 hours. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control. All the tested concentrations of DOX for MI and the higher concentrations (4 and 6 µg/mL) for NDI significantly decreased mitotic activity. However, there are no significant differences between negative control and all the tested concentrations of DOX for CA and MN frequencies. In conclusion, our results indicate that DOX has a cytotoxic effect, but not a genotoxic effect, on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Further detailed studies, especially about the cell-cycle kinetics of DOX, are required to elucidate the decreases in dividing cells and make a possible risk assessment on cells of patients receiving therapy with this drug. Further, if the specific cytostatic and cytotoxic potential of DOX to different types of cancer cells is investigated in detail, it may also have been used as an antitumoral drug.     

In vitro investigation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of thiacloprid in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used for controlling various species of pests on many crops. The potential genotoxic effects of thiacloprid on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated in vitro by the chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (MN) assays. The human PBLs were treated with 75, 150, and 300 μg/mL thiacloprid in the absence and presence of an exogenous metabolic activator (S9 mix). Thiacloprid increased the CAs and SCEs significantly at all concentrations (75, 150, and 300 μg/mL) both in the absence and presence of the S9 mix and induced a significant increase in MN and nucleoplasmic bridge formations at all concentrations for 24 h and at 75 and 150 μg/mL for 48‐h treatment periods in the absence of the S9 mix; and at all concentrations in the presence of the S9 mix when compared with the control and solvent control. Thiacloprid was also found to significantly induce nuclear bud (NBUD) formation at 300 μg/mL for 24 h and at 150 μg/mL for 48‐h treatment times in the absence of the S9 mix and at the two highest concentrations (150 and 300 μg/mL) in the presence of the S9 mix. Thiacloprid significantly decreased the mitotic index, proliferation index, and nuclear division index for all concentrations both in the absence and presence of the S9 mix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 631–641, 2014.     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of doxycycline in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Doxycycline (DOX) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of many infections. In this study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of DOX in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated by measuring chromosome aberrations (CAs), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, mitotic index (MI), and nuclear division index (NDI). Cultures were treated with DOX at three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control. All the tested concentrations of DOX for MI and the higher concentrations (4 and 6 μg/mL) for NDI significantly decreased mitotic activity. However, there are no significant differences between negative control and all the tested concentrations of DOX for CA and MN frequencies. In conclusion, our results indicate that DOX has a cytotoxic effect, but not a genotoxic effect, on human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Further detailed studies, especially about the cell-cycle kinetics of DOX, are required to elucidate the decreases in dividing cells and make a possible risk assessment on cells of patients receiving therapy with this drug. Further, if the specific cytostatic and cytotoxic potential of DOX to different types of cancer cells is investigated in detail, it may also have been used as an antitumoral drug.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives. Note II

A series of 1,3-benzodioxoles (2-12) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro ability to inhibit the growth of three human tumor cell lines. No cytotoxic effects were noticed with any of the test compounds at a concentration of 10(-4) M.     

老年肺癌患者肿瘤细胞和外周血淋巴细胞体外化疗药敏试验的相关性

目的 探讨老年非小细胞肺癌患者体外肿瘤细胞和外周血淋巴细胞对化疗药物敏感性的关系.方法 选取52例老年非小细胞肺癌患者,采用MTT法体外药敏试验,检测外周血淋巴细胞和肿瘤细胞对13种化疗药物的敏感性.结果 老年非小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞对顺铂(CDDP)、卡铂(CBP)、奥沙利铂(LO HP)、紫杉醇(PTX)、环磷酰胺(CTX)、异环磷酰胺(ICTX)、吡喃阿霉素(THP)、依托泊苷(VP-16)、吉西他滨(GEM)、长春新碱(VCR)、长春瑞滨(NVB)等11种化疗药物的敏感性与非小细胞肺癌肿瘤细胞的药敏结果有相关性.而对阿霉素、羟基喜树碱这2种化疗药物的敏感结果无相关性.结论 老年非小细胞肺癌患者可以应用外周血淋巴细胞代替肿瘤细胞进行体外化疗药物敏感试验.     

Chemical modification of alisol B 23-acetate and their cytotoxic activity

The twelve-protostane analogues were synthesized from alisol B 23-acetate and assessed for their in vitro antitumor activity against six different human and murine tumor cell lines. Of the compounds synthesized, 23S-acetoxy-24R(25)-epoxy-11beta,23S-dihydroxyprotost-13(17)-en-3-hydroxyimine (12) exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against A549, SK-OV3, B16-F10, and HT1080 tumor cells with ED50 values of 10.0, 8.7, 5.2, and 3.1 microg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, 23S-acetoxy-13(17),24R(25)-diepoxy-11beta-hydroxyprotost-3-one (5), 13(17),24R(25)-diepoxy-11beta,23S-dihydroxyprotostan-3-one (6), 24R,25-epoxy-11beta,23S-dihydroxyprotost-13(17)-en-3-one (7), and 11beta,23S,24R,25-tetrahydroxyprotost-13(17)-en-3-one (9) showed moderate cytotoxic activities against B16-F10 and HT1080 tumor cells. These results mean that a hydroxyimino group at C-3 position in the protostane-type terpene enhances cytotoxic activity.     

Syntheses of 2, 5-dialkylfuran and tetrahydrofuran carbinols and their cytotoxic activity

2, 5-Dialkylfuran and tetrahydrofuran compounds as structural elements of Annonaceae acetogenins like Asitrocinwere synthesized starting from furfural by Grignard reactions, lithiation of the furan ring and addition of aliphatic aldehydes. Hydrogenation of the furan rings over Pd-catalyst gave the corresponding tetrahydrofurans. All resulting compounds showed no or rather less antimicrobial activity against grampositive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi compared to tetracycline or clotrimazol but high cytotoxic activity against HL 60 cell line determined in the MTT assay.     

In vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of doxepin and escitalopram on human peripheral lymphocytes

Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of many psychiatric conditions including depression. There are findings suggesting that these drugs might have genotoxic, carcinogenic, and/or mutagenic effects. Therefore, the present in vitro study is intended to investigate potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the antidepressants escitalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and doxepin (Tricyclic antidepressant) on human peripheral lymphocytes cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay) were used for the purpose of the study. In the study, four different concentrations of both drugs (1, 2.5, 5, and 10?µg/mL) were administered to human peripheral lymphocytes for 24?h. The tested concentrations of both drugs were found to exhibit no cytotoxic and mitotic inhibitory effects. SCE increase caused by 5 and 10?µg/mL of escitalopram was found statistically significant, while no statistically significant increase was observed in DNA damage and micronucleus (MN) formation. Moreover, the increase caused by doxepin in MN formation was not found statistically significant. Besides, 10?µg/mL of doxepin was demonstrated to significantly increase arbitrary unit and SCE formation. These findings suggest that the investigated concentrations of escitalopram and doxepin were non-cytotoxic but potentially genotoxic at higher concentrations.     

In vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of some paraben esters on human peripheral lymphocytes

Parabens (PBs) are p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester compounds commonly employed as antimicrobial preservatives, mainly in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of some paraben esters (butyl paraben, propyl paraben, isobutyl paraben, and isopropyl paraben) on human peripheral lymphocytes, using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) tests. Lymphocyte cultures were treated with four concentrations of PBs (100, 50, 25 and 10?µg/mL) for 24 and 48?h. Paraben esters significantly induced MN formations as compared to solvent control. Furthermore, butyl paraben and propyl paraben increased MN formations a concentration-dependent manner at 24 and 48?h. PBs increased the CA at 24 and 48?h. However, this increase was not meaningful for butyl paraben and isopropyl paraben at 48?h when compared with solvent control. Butyl, isobutyl, and isopropyl paraben significantly increased the SCE at 24 and 48?h. However, propyl paraben did not induce SCE meaningfully in both treatment periods. A significant decrease in the cytokinesis-block proliferation index and mitotic index was observed in cells exposed to all concentrations of PBs at 24 and 48?h. However, proliferation index was not affected at all concentrations of PBs after 24?h treatment, although it was decreased at the highest concentration of PBs at 48?h. It is concluded that all of the paraben esters used in this study have highly genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes cells in vitro.