某校大中专新生体检乙肝病毒感染调查分析

目的了解大中专新生乙肝病毒感染情况,为学校控制乙肝传播提供依据.方法于2004年对宜春市某高校入学大、中专新生清晨空腹静脉采血,用ELA法检测HBsAg,HBsAg阳性者进一步用ELA法检测其它乙肝血清标记物和肝功能.结果检测2472名学生,HBsAg阳性率为16.46%,男女差异无显著性.HBsAg阳性者中肝功能异常者26人占6.39%,大小三阳372例占91.40%.结论大中专学校新生人校体检有必要增加HBsAg和肝功能检测,对易感学生需加强乙肝疫苗接种,对已感染HBsAg并具有一定传染性的学生需生活隔离,并加强健康教育,防止乙肝在学校中传播.     

入校新生乙肝病毒感染情况分析

目的了解某校2004级2396例新生乙肝病毒感染情况,为乙肝疫苗的预防接种提供资料,为学校控制乙肝传播提供科学依据。方法应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测HBsAg,HBsAg阳性者进一步检测乙肝五项和肝功能。结果新生HBsAg阳性率为5.38%,男女差异有显著性(P<0.05);HBsAg阳性者中肝功能异常者20例,占15.50%。结论应加强对学生乙肝病毒感染者的检测和管理,搞好乙肝健康教育,对易感者进行乙肝疫苗接种,防止乙肝在学校中传播。     

大中专新生体检乙肝病毒感染状况分析

目的 探讨大中专新生乙肝病毒感染情况，提供预防乙肝对策。方法 用ELISA法检测乙肝病毒标志物，酶动力学法测定ALT。结果 乙肝疫苗普种前后入学新生的HBsAg阳性率、保护性抗体HBsAb产生率及乙肝五项全阴率具有显著性差异。结论对入学新生体检复查乙肝五项有重要意义，接种乙肝疫苗是预防乙肝行之有效的方法，     

围产期乙肝病毒感染对脐血免疫功能影响的研究

乙肝病毒宫内感染是发展成为乙肝表面抗原慢性携带者的重要原因之一,也是导致出生后接种乙肝疫苗失败的主要原因[1].我国是乙肝高发区,母婴传播是形成慢性乙肝病毒感染的重要原因,约占我国婴幼儿感染的1/3,人群中慢性乙肝病毒携带者40%～50%是母婴传播造成的.胎儿期乙肝病毒感染,不仅易形成以后慢性乙肝病毒携带状态,且是肝硬化和肝癌的高危因素[2].我们通过观察母体乙肝病毒感染新生儿脐血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,了解其免疫功能状态.     

200例新生乙型肝炎病毒携带情况分析

目的:了解高校学生乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行现状和趋势,为高校学生的乙肝防治工作提供科学依据.方法:采取静脉血进行血清乙肝五项及ALT检测.结果:6 335名新生中HBsAg感染200例,阳性率3.16%.阳性率男生高于女生,农村学生高于城镇学生,在民族分布中,傈僳族、壮族、朝鲜族学生阳性率显著高于我校的平均值.结论:高校学生的乙肝防治工作不容忽视,男生是预防的重点人群,对乙肝表面抗体阴性者应接种乙肝疫苗,增加免疫力以降低感染率.     

乙肝疫苗的国内研究进展

乙肝疫苗的研制发展为预防和治疗乙肝起到了巨大的作用.乙肝病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)为嗜肝病毒,全世界超过3亿人受到乙肝病毒的感染,患上乙型肝炎,进而发展成肝硬化,甚至肝癌.该病毒感染为排名第九的世界范围内最常见致死病因.接种乙肝疫苗,在全体人员尤其在全体新生儿中普种乙肝疫苗可达到理想的预防效果,这就可能在今后第二、第三代中逐步实现基本控制乙型肝炎的传播.目前乙肝疫苗已经得到广泛使用,世界上已经有100多个国家由政府无偿提供本国新生儿所需乙肝疫苗的经费.我国于20世纪90年代初确定将普及儿童乙肝疫苗接种作为我国控制乙肝流行的主要策略.现就我国HBV感染现状、疫苗类型、临床应用策略、免疫作用及发展前景等作一综述.     

农六师地区大中专院校新生乙肝病毒感染情况调查研究

目的 根据农六师地区大中专院校入学新生乙肝病毒感染情况,为学校预防乙肝理论提供依据及对策.方法 对2004-2009级13272名入学新生用ELISA法测定HBsAg、乙肝抗原抗体系统、丙氨酸氨基转移酶.结果 HBsAg阳性率为7.7%.结论 HBsAg阳性率为7.7%,与同期全国其他院校新生水平接近,高于新疆8月龄～15岁人群乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性水平.     

6521名高考体检学生乙肝表面抗原携带情况调查

乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）是危害我国人民身体健康的主要传染病之一．其传播途径除血液传播外日常生活密切接触也可传播。我国是乙肝病毒感染高发地区之一,全国约有1．2亿人感染乙肝病毒,乙肝病毒携带率10％,因此受到广泛的重视,为及早预防和治疗乙肝,对2007年我县高考体检6521名学生的乙肝表面抗原测定结果分析如下。     

某高校新生乙肝病毒感染状况调查分析

目的了解我校新生乙肝病毒感染情况,筛检出乙肝病人,以便采取必要的防治措施,有效控制乙肝在大学生中的传播和流行。方法对2006-2008级23306名新生进行抽血检测HHBsAg及ALT。单项ALT升高进一步检查,HBsAg阳性伴ALT升高的休学治疗。结果三届新生HBsAg阳性率分别为5.13%、4.57%、4.19%,总阳性率为4.81%。男生HBsAg阳性率为6.73%,女生HBsAg阳性率为2.14%,男女之间有显著差异,有统计学意义(χ2=261.34,P<0.01)。结论进行新生HBsAg阳性的筛检,掌握每届学生的乙肝病毒的感染情况及现病人,对减少乙肝在校内传播及学生的健康保健具有重要意义。新生入学时普查乙肝和肝功能,极其必要。     

2984名婚检青年HBsAg携带情况分析与干预

乙型病毒性肝炎是一种常见传染病,我国又是世界乙型病毒性肝炎高发区.为了解乙型肝炎病毒(乙肝病毒)在婚前健康体检青年中流行和传播情况,更好地预防和阻断乙肝病毒在下一代的流行和传播,现将2002年6～12月2984名适龄青年在婚前健康体检中HBsAg携带情况报告如下.     

上海市社区卫生服务中心医务人员伦理学知识调查及建议

目的:调查上海社区卫生服务中心医务人员的伦理学知识认知情况.方法:采取分层抽样方式,于2016年6—8月对上海市245家社区卫生服务中心的7552名医务人员进行问卷调查.结果:医务人员对伦理学知识非常了解、基本了解、了解很少和完全不了解的人数分别为536人(7.1%)、5411人(71.7%)、1536人(20.3%)和69人(0.9%).不同岗位、职称、学历的医务人员之间存在着明显的伦理学知识认知差距.结论:上海社区卫生服务中心医务人员的伦理学知识了解程度仍有待提高,需加强伦理学知识的学习和应用.     

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.     

Studies on the receptors involved in the action of the various agents in the phenylbenzoquinone analgesic assay in mice

1. Tolerance to the activity of several narcotic analgesics (morphine, levorphanol, and methadone) and several narcotic-antagonist analgesics (pentazocine, cyclazocine, and nalorphine) was studied in the mouse phenylbenzoquinone stretching test. Virtually complete tolerance was induced by chronic treatment with each of the narcotic agents, while no apparent tolerance was induced by the narcotic antagonists.2. In morphine-tolerant mice there was a high degree of cross-tolerance to the effects of not only the other narcotic drugs but also to those of the narcotic antagonists, acetylsalicylic acid, and physostigmine.3. The effects of morphine and pentazocine were antagonized by naloxone but not by atropine, while the effects of physostigmine were antagonized by atropine but not by naloxone. Neither atropine nor naloxone antagonized the effect of acetylsalicylic acid.4. The results of the tolerance study suggest that there is a fundamental difference in the consequences of receptor interaction for the narcotic and the narcotic-antagonist analgesics. Morphine-tolerant mice exhibit cross-tolerance non-specifically. The selectivity of naloxone and atropine differentiates the narcotic and narcotic-analgesics from the other two agents used in this analgesic test.     

Interactions among the cannabinoids in the antagonism of the abdominal constriction response in the mouse

The ability of ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8,11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an effective antagonist against all nociceptive agents with an ED₅₀ in all cases between 1.0 and 2.6 mg/kg. CBN, while also effective against all nociceptive agents, was less potent than THC, with an ED₅₀ range between 46.2 and 112.5 mg/kg. CBD in doses as high as 200 mg/kg was without effect. Using PGE₁ as the nociceptive agent, 11-OH THC was equipotent to THC while 8,11-diOH THC was inactive. Naloxone, while able to antagonise the antinociceptive effect of morphine against formic acid-induced writhing, did not reverse the antinociceptive effects of THC. There were no pharmacological interactions between THC, CBD and CBN.     

Neurotensin causes a greater increase in the metabolism of dopamine in the accumbens than in the striatum in vivo

Differential pulse voltammetry with carbon fibre electrodes was used to study the effect of central administration of neurotensin on the extracellular level of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum in anaesthetised rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of neurotensin (10 micrograms) increased the peak height for DOPAC 20 min after administration in the nucleus accumbens but only after 40 min in the striatum. The maximum increase was similar in both regions, with 30% and 27% above the pre-injection basal level, respectively. Neurotensin (1 micrograms) however increased the extracellular level of DOPAC in the nucleus accumbens alone. Neurotensin (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter), injected into the ventral tegmental area, induced a potent and long-lasting elevation of the peak height for DOPAC in the nucleus accumbens, while the same doses in the substantia nigra produced effects on the metabolism of dopamine in the striatum of smaller amplitude and shorter duration. The maximum effect of each dose was about 2.5 times greater in the mesolimbic, compared to the nigrostriatal system. Amphetamine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) decreased the extracellular level of DOPAC with a similar magnitude, both in the nucleus accumbens (52%) and the striatum (47%). Intracerebroventricular administration of neurotensin (1 micrograms), 5 min after amphetamine, did not alter the effect of amphetamine on the extracellular level of DOPAC either in the nucleus accumbens or the striatum. However, neurotensin (10 micrograms) partially reversed the effect of amphetamine in the nucleus accumbens and had a similar but smaller and delayed effect in the striatum. The results from the present study, together with previous neurobehavioural studies, suggest that neurotensin has a relatively selective action on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in the rat.     

Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat

Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver. Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.     

抗生素在预防普外科手术切口感染中的价值分析及其预防

目的:分析抗生素在预防普外手术切口感染中的临床价值.方法:选择我院收治的100例普外科手术患者作为观察对象(2015年2～11月),采用随机分组的方式将100例普外科手术患者分成对照组与实验组,分别在术后使用抗生素及术前1h使用抗生素,观察两组手术切口感染率及患者的疼痛评分.结果:对照组切口感染率(16.00％)明显高于实验组(4.00％),两组之间对比疼痛评分存在显著差异(P＜0.05),有统计学意义.结论:针对普外科手术患者根据患者的切口类型科学、合理选择抗生素及选择适当的使用时间能有效减少术后手术切口感染,有效改善患者预后.     

女性医务人员健康状况的研究

目的探讨女性医务人员健康状况的特点。方法对2877例医院工作人员健康查体资料进行统计学分析。结果①女性医务人员中,41.0%的人员患有不同类型的疾病,略高于男性患病率（36.8%）,二者差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）;②女性医务人员高脂血症为31.9%（212/665）,低于男性（65.9%,274/416）;③脂肪肝患病率女性（32.6%,181/556）,亦低于男性（45.9%,151/329）;④女性相关疾病中,乳腺疾病和子宫肌瘤的患病率分别为4.8%和3.4%;而宫颈糜烂为20.2%;⑤女性医务人员高血糖为11.0%（77/702）,高血压为4.6%（56/1229）。结论女性医务人员中妇科与乳腺疾病是健康体检的重点,代谢性疾病也应加以关注。