戒毒中药清风胶囊中青风藤提取工艺考察

目的：比较青风藤单提和与延胡索混提对青藤碱提取率的影响。方法：在相同的条件下，将青风藤单独提和与延胡索混提，采用高效液相法测定青藤碱含量，比较二者之间的差别。结果：混合提取青藤碱的提取率比单独提取高24．06％。结论：青风藤与延胡索混合提取有利于提高青藤碱的提取率。     

复方祛风缓释片中青风藤的提取纯化工艺研究

目的 优选复方祛风缓释片中青风藤的提取纯化工艺.方法 以青藤碱作为指标,采用正交试验和单因素相结合的方法优选青风藤提取纯化工艺.结果 青藤碱最佳提取工艺为:70％的乙醇6倍量提取2次,每次2h;纯化工艺为:加1％ HCl调pH值为2,氯仿萃取5次.结论 该提取纯化工艺科学、合理.     

青风藤碱的镇痛镇静作用

青风藤碱能明显提高小鼠热板痛阈,显著减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体次数、提高小鼠足趾电刺激的痛阈,还能协同和增强戊巴比妥钠的镇静催眠作用。     

青风藤碱对心脏作用的研究进展：兼论再灌注心律失常

青风藤碱(Sinomenine简称SIN)是从防已科防已属植物(Sinomenium acutum thunb et wils)的根及茎中提取的生物碱,临床上用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、痛风等。从三十年代开始,国内外学者对SIN进行了一系列研究,分离出以青风藤碱为主的十二种生物碱。初步筛选证实其对安定受体、多巴胺受体、脑腓肽受体;肾上腺素α受体、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体均有较显著的作用;具有消炎、镇痛、降压和中枢抑制作用。本文就SIN对心脏的作用及再灌注心律失常作一综述。 一、对心脏作用的研究 1.对心肌收缩力和心率的影响 在离体     

青风藤及青藤碱对吗啡依赖小鼠位置偏爱效应和脑内组胺水平的影响

目的探讨中药青风藤及其有效成分青藤碱对吗啡诱导的小鼠条件性位置偏爱(CPP)及脑内组胺(HA)水平的影响。方法采用位置偏爱箱法,连续皮下注射吗啡(9mg/kg·b.w.)6d,引起小鼠产生显著的条件性位置偏爱效应。实验分空白对照组、吗啡模型组(9mg/kg·b.w.)、青风藤醇提液组(10g/kg·b.w.)、青藤碱组(60mg/kg·b.w.)、苯海拉明组(30mg/kg·b.w.)、CP48/80组(5mg/kg·b.w.)和L-组氨酸组(750mg/kg·b.w.),后5个给药组分别在位置偏爱训练的第4天开始给药,连续用药3d。脑内组胺含量采用荧光分光光度法测定。本实验同时检测青风藤、青藤碱、苯海拉明、CP48/80及L-组氨酸对小鼠的奖赏效应或厌恶效应。结果吗啡模型组小鼠在伴药箱中停留的时间明显延长,小鼠脑内HA水平显著升高(P<0.01)。青风藤或青藤碱连续用药可显著抑制吗啡引起的小鼠位置偏爱的形成,降低脑内的HA含量。青风藤、青藤碱及L-组氮酸对正常小鼠脑内组脑水平有升高作用(P<0.01),但3药本身并不使小鼠产生奖赏或厌恶效应。CP48/80能使正常及吗啡依赖小鼠脑内组胺含量明显减少(P<0.01),但该药对CPP无明显影响。结论吗啡诱导的小鼠位置偏爱效应与脑内HA水平升高、中枢组胺能神经系统激活有关。青风藤及青藤碱能消除吗啡诱导的小鼠条件性位置偏爱的形成,对脑内组胺水平的改变具有调节作用。     

青风藤超临界提取物参与体内外透皮作用研究

目的:评价青风藤超临界提取物对青藤碱雷公藤甲素的裸鼠透皮影响。方法:采用超临界CO2提取青风藤挥发油,并用GC-MS进行分析。体外透皮作用实验采用Franze扩散池法;体内采用微透析联用HPLC的方法。结果:青风藤超临界提取物中(z,z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯占43.45%、十六碳酸甲酯占13.24%。离体裸鼠皮肤预先用青风藤超临界提取物处理,两种成分的渗透速率(与空白比)和皮肤滞留量均提高;加入到巴布剂基质中的促渗效果不甚明显,但体内实验促渗效果显著。结论:提示5%青风藤超临界提取物可促进青藤碱雷公藤甲素的透皮吸收。     

青风藤超临界提取物参与体内外透皮作用研究

目的：评价青风藤超临界提取物对青藤碱雷公藤甲素的裸鼠透皮影响。方法：采用超临界CO2提取青风藤挥发油,并用GC-MS进行分析。体外透皮作用实验采用Franze扩散池法;体内采用微透析联用HPLC的方法。结果：青风藤超临界提取物中（z,z）-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯占43.45%、十六碳酸甲酯占13.24%。离体裸鼠皮肤预先用青风藤超临界提取物处理,两种成分的渗透速率（与空白比）和皮肤滞留量均提高;加入到巴布剂基质中的促渗效果不甚明显,但体内实验促渗效果显著。结论：提示5%青风藤超临界提取物可促进青藤碱雷公藤甲素的透皮吸收。     

青风藤化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的 对青风藤化学成分进行分离、鉴定。方法 青风藤干燥藤茎用95%乙醇溶液加热回流提取,减压回收乙醇,所得浸膏利用硅胶柱色谱、反相RP-18柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离及纯化,并通过¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、EI-MS及理化常数对分离化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 从青风藤提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为尖防己碱(Ⅰ)、蝙蝠葛波酚碱(Ⅱ)、dauriporphinoline(Ⅲ)、蝙蝠葛宁(Ⅳ)、dauricumine(Ⅴ)、6-O-demethylmenisporphine(Ⅵ)、acutuminine(Ⅶ)、(—)-8-oxotetrahydrothalifendine(Ⅷ)、(—)-oxoisocorypalmine(Ⅸ)、四氢表小檗碱(Ⅹ)、四氢巴马亭(Ⅺ)。结论 化合物Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅺ为首次从青风藤中分离得到。     

青藤生物碱成分的研究

目的: 研究青藤 (sinomenium actum(thumb) Rehd.et wils)中具有纳洛酮戒断作用的生物碱类化学成分.方法: 采用硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化,通过理化和波谱分析鉴定其化学结构.结果: 从青藤的氯仿部分分离得到3个生物碱,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为青藤碱1 (sinomenine)、青风藤碱2(sinoacutine)和木兰碱3 (magnoflorine).结论: 青藤中可分离到3种生物碱.     

青风藤单提及与其他药味共提对青藤碱提取率的影响

一常用抗内风湿关节炎的验方中含有青风藤、雷公藤、莶草 3味中药 ,该方用于治疗风湿痹痛、关节肿胀等病证 ,临床疗效显著。青风藤为本方的君药 ,青藤碱为青风藤中的主要有效成分之一。为了对该方剂进行更深入地开发 ,本实验对青风藤药材进行了含量测定研究 ,并考察了该复方中青风藤单提及与雷公藤、莶草共提时的青藤碱提取率的变化 ,为该方提取工艺路线的制定提供依据。1　实验材料高效液相色谱仪 :Waters 5 1 5泵 ,Waters 2 4 87可调节紫外 -可见检测器 ,Waters U6K进样器 ,中国科学院大连物理化学研究所 WDL- 95色谱工作站 ,H660…     

New onset childhood seizures. Emergency department experience.

Fifty-six cases of new onset seizures evaluated in a pediatric emergency department (ED) during a one-year period were assessed retrospectively for efficiency of diagnosis and workup. The majority of patients (69%) were less than two years of age. Based on etiology, the most common seizure type was febrile (71%) followed by idiopathic (21%) and symptomatic (7%). Significant laboratory abnormalities were found in four (7%) patients; two had hyponatremia, one carbamazepine overdose and one bacterial meningitis. Screening laboratory tests including brain CT scans were generally not helpful. A thorough history including specific details regarding the seizure and a complete physical examination should eliminate the need for major laboratory and radiologic workup in the emergency department.     

Skin test inhibition by astemizole.

For the purpose of evaluating the therapeutic effect of antihistamines, we have set up an assay method called the "Skin Test Inhibition Index" (STII). Twenty subjects with hay fever were given astemizole (10 mg/d) for 7 days. Skin titration tests were carried out before and after treatment. Significant inhibition of the skin test reaction by astemizole was demonstrated (STII = 91). Another group of 6 hay fever patients was given astemizole (10 mg/d) for 10 days, and STII was determined on days 5 and 10 and on days 7, 14 and 21 after treatment. STII were calculated as 12, 108, 90, 10 and 7, respectively. These results demonstrate that astemizole is a long-acting antihistamine.     

Diabetes mellitus. I: Routine plain abdominal radiography.

The plain abdominal radiographs of 43 consecutive diabetic patients were studied. Disordered bowel motility which was unrelated to the severity of the diabetes mellitus occurred in 76.7% while artheriosclerosis occurred in 65%. Only 7% (3 patients) had pancreatic calcification; of these, one was a complication of urinary schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium). All the patients with pancreatic calcification were above 45 years of age and had had diabetes mellitus for more than 7 years. This study shows that pancreatic calcification is uncommon among Nigerian diabetics, so plain abdominal radiography should be limited to patients who are above 45 years and who have had the illness for more than 7 years.     

Tobramycin nephrotoxicity. A prospective clinical study

The nephrotoxicity of tobramycin given at a dose of 4·5 mg/kg/day for a period of 12 days to a group of 90 patients with a mean age of 62·9 years was studied. Toxicity was determined on the basis of 3 main criteria (oliguria <400 ml/24 hr, serum creatinine 0·4 mg increase over a minimum basal level of 1·2 mg/100 ml, BUN 5 mg increase over a minimum of 25 mg/100 ml); and 3 minor criteria (proteinuria, microhaematuria and cylindruria). These parameters were determined before treatment at 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 30 days afterwards. The age and coexistence of factors such as hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, cardiac insufficiency, shock and dehydration were considered. Nephrotoxicity level ranges from 3·3 to 38·8% depending on the criterion used, and is related to hypertension (P<0·001), age (P<0·005) and association with ampicillin (P<0·005). Nephrotoxicity was reversible spontaneously in 96·7% of the cases and no differences have been observed between patients with moderate renal insufficiency and those with normal renal function on the initiation of treatment.     

基于钟基因Clock和Bmal1调控探究辰时针刺自发性高血压大鼠的降压机制

目的 以自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneous hypertensive rat，SHR）为观察对象，探究针刺降压的钟基因调控作用。方法 将24只SHR随机分为针刺组和模型组，12只Wistar-Kyoto（WKY）大鼠作为正常组。针刺组选择辰时针刺SHR双侧曲池、足三里穴，模型组和正常组仅接受与针刺组同等强度的捆绑操作。4周后，各组分别在辰、酉时随机抽取6只大鼠，测量鼠尾收缩压（systolic blood pressure, SBP）和舒张压（diastolic blood pressure, DBP），然后检测血清5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT）、褪黑素（melatonin, MT）的含量以及心脏生物钟基因Clock和Bmal1的表达水平。结果 分组因素对SBP、DBP、血清MT含量、Clock表达结果的RQ值、Bmal1表达结果的RQ值的主效应均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），时辰因素对各指标的主效应和两者的交互作用均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。模型组辰、酉两个时辰的SBP和DBP均高于正常组（P<0.05），针刺组辰时的SBP和DBP及酉时的SBP均低于模型组（P<0.05）。模型组辰时MT含量较正常组降低，5-HT含量较正常组升高（P<0.05），针刺组辰时MT含量较模型组升高，5-HT含量较模型组降低（P<0.05）；针刺组酉时的MT含量较模型组升高（P<0.05）。针刺组辰时心脏Clock基因表达水平和酉时心脏Bmal1基因表达水平较模型组升高（P＜0．05）。结论 辰时针刺可以降低SHR的“双峰”血压，其作用机制可能与提高血清MT含量，减少5-HT含量以及提高心脏Clock和Bmal1基因的表达水平有关。     

7日序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的随机对照研究

目的比较雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮组成的7日序贯疗法与标准三联疗法、10日序贯疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效。方法将经检查确诊为慢性胃炎或消化性溃疡且Hp阳性的300例患者随机分成三组。治疗组(100例):前3d雷贝拉唑10mg,阿莫西林1000mg,克拉霉素500mg,2次/d;后4d雷贝拉唑10mg,阿莫西林1000mg,呋喃唑酮100mg;2次/d。对照组一(100例)为标准三联疗法:雷贝拉唑10mg,阿莫西林1000mg,克拉霉素500mg,2次/d,疗程7d。对照组二(100例)为10日序贯疗法:前5d雷贝拉唑10mg,阿莫西林1000mg,2次/d;后5d雷贝拉唑10mg,克拉霉素500mg,呋喃唑酮100mg;2次/d。所有患者停药4周后复查14C-呼气试验,检测Hp根除率。结果治疗组Hp根除率为88.76%,对照组一77.27%,对照组二90.11%,治疗组与对照组一比较、对照组一与对照组二比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗组与对照组二比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且7日序贯疗法并未增加患者的经济负担,3种方案不良反应的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 7日序贯疗法治疗Hp感染疗效明显优于7日标准三联疗法,与10日序贯疗法相当,是一种安全、经济、有效的方案选择。     

雷公藤抗炎免疫及抗生育活性分份的筛选：Ⅲ,7个环氧...

The half-effective dose(ED50), therapeutic index(TI) and certain safety factor(CSF) of 7 diterpene lactone epoxide compounds with antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive action extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) were assayed using croton oil-induced ear swelling and hemolysin-antibody formation mouse models. The results indicated that triptolide(T10), tripchlorolide(T4), triptonide(T7), tripdiolide(T8), triptolidenol(T9) and 16-hydroxytriptolide(L2) possessed both anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, while triptriolide(T11) had antiinflammatory activity only. The TI of the antiinflammatory action of 7 compounds were arranged in following order: T11(greater than 19), T10(17), T9(9.6), T4(9.0), T8(7.3), L2(6.6), T7(5.9), while the TI of the immunosuppressive action of 6 compounds were arranged in following order: T9(30.7), T4(16.7), L2(15.8), T10(13.7), T8(8.8), T7(7.5). The CSF parameters of both the activities of 7 compounds were all higher than 1. In which, the CSF of the immunosuppressive action of T9, T4 and L2 were 7.1, 5.1 and 3.6 respectively. These facts clearly demonstrate that the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive compounds in TW are pluralistic. These differences among these compounds can be used as one of the bases for the evaluation and selection of these compounds. The above experiments conclude that the practical value of these compounds, however, will also depend on their content and yield rate in the herb, on the degree of difficulty in synthesizing these compounds, and on difficulty involved in the preparation of their derivatives. The future of these compounds will depend on the results of genetic toxicology studies as well.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in hepatolenticular degeneration. Analysis of 9 cases.

Nine patients with biochemically proved Wilson's disease underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Areas of abnormal signal, long T1 and long T2, caused by gliosis and edema were seen in the lenticula, thalami, caudatum, brain stem as well as in the dentate nuclei. The abnormalities were bilateral and symmetric. Asymmetric focal white matter lesions were noted in a few patients. Focal atrophies were seen in the head of caudatum. Symmetric cavitations were only seen in the lenticular nuclei. Acute progressive type (2 patients) was characterized by cavity formation, and chronic progressive type (7 patients) by gliosis, edema and focal atrophy.

     

蝴蝶戏珠花茎的化学成分

从蝴蝶戏珠花(Viburnum plicatum Thunb.var.tomentosum Miq.)茎中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为:3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1),isotachioside(2),tachioside(3),koaburaside(4),丁香酸葡萄糖苷(5),羽扇豆醇(6),熊果酸(7),绿原酸(8),5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸丁酯(9),苜蓿素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)。化合物1-10均为首次从蝴蝶戏珠花中分离得到。     

东北裂叶荆芥中的4种黄酮成分

从裂叶荆芥花穗70％乙醇提取物中首次分得4种黄酮成分,经化学和光谱分析,分别确定为（Ⅰ）5,7-二羟基-4’,6-二甲氧基黄酮（5,-dihydroxy 1-4’,6-dimethoxyflavone,I）;（Ⅱ）木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖甙（Luteolin-7-O-glucose, Ⅱ);（Ⅲ） 3’羟基-4’,6,8-三甲氧基二氢黄酮-7-O-芸香糖甙（3’-hydroxyl-4’,6,8-trimethoxydi- hydroflavon-7-O-rutinose,Ⅲ）;（Ⅳ）5-甲基-3’-羟基-4’,6-二甲氧基二氢黄酮-7-O-芸香糖甙（5-methyl-3′-hydroxyl-4′,6-dimethoxydihydroflavone-7-O-rutinose,Ⅳ）。