早期胃癌淋巴结转移影响因素分析

背景：手术是早期胃癌的首选治疗方法。淋巴结转移是早期胃癌的关键预后因素,术中淋巴结清扫虽可降低术后复发率,但清扫过度可能导致患者术后生活质量降低。目的：分析早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。方法：1982年1月～2009年2月于上海市长宁区中心医院行胃癌根治术且淋巴结清扫〉15枚的376例早期胃癌患者纳入研究,分析性别、年龄以及6项肿瘤临床病理特征与淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果：单因素分析显示．肿瘤≥2cm、大体类型为隆起型、黏膜下浸润、分化差和有淋巴管癌栓与早期胃癌淋巴结转移有关,而性别、年龄和肿瘤部位与淋巴结转移之间无明显相关性。多因素logistic回归显示肿瘤大小、浸润深度和分化程度是早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论：临床医师术前可通过内镜超声、CT和活检病理检查确定早期胃癌的淋巴结肿大情况以及肿瘤大小、浸润深度和组织学类型．据此推测有无淋巴结转移倾向．从而选择合理的手术方式和术中淋巴结清扫范围。     

Prospective assessment of integrating the existing emergency medical system with automated external defibrillators fully operated by volunteers and laypersons for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Brescia Early Defibrillation Study (BEDS).

AIMS: There are few data on the outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) victims when the defibrillation capability of broad rural and urban territories is fully operated by volunteers and laypersons. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we investigated whether a programme based on diffuse deployment of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) operated by 2186 trained volunteers and laypersons across the County of Brescia, Italy (area: 4826 km(2); population: 1 112 628), would safely and effectively impact the current survival among victims of out-of-hospital CA. Forty-nine AEDs were added to the former emergency medical system that uses manual EDs in the emergency department of 10 county hospitals and in five medically equipped ambulances. The primary endpoint was survival free of neurological impairment at 1-year follow-up. Data were analysed in 692 victims before and in 702 victims after the deployment of the AEDs. Survival increased from 0.9% (95% CI 0.4-1.8%) in the historical cohort to 3.0% (95% CI 1.7-4.3%) (P=0.0015), despite similar intervals from dispatch to arrival at the site of collapse [median (quartile range): 7 (4) min vs. 6 (6) min]. Increase of survival was noted both in the urban [from 1.4% (95% CI 0.4-3.4 %) to 4.0% (95% CI 2.0-6.9 %), P=0.024] and in the rural territory [from 0.5% (95% CI 0.1-1.6%) to 2.5% (95% CI 1.3-4.2%), P=0.013]. The additional costs per quality-adjusted life year saved amounted to euro39 388 (95% CI euro16 731-49 329) during the start-up phase of the study and to euro23 661 (95% CI euro10 327-35 528) at steady state. CONCLUSION: Diffuse implementation of AEDs fully operated by trained volunteers and laypersons within a broad and unselected environment proved safe and was associated with a significantly higher long-term survival of CA victims.     

无创检测指标对心源性猝死预测的前瞻性和回顾性临床研究

目的 研究无创检测指标及指标间的优化组合对心脏性猝死的预测价值.方法 ①收集心脏性猝死和对照组病例各100例,对其超声左室射血分数（LVEF）,心电图QRS宽度、QT间期、校正QT间期（QTc）进行回顾性研究.②收集猝死高危和低危病例各50例的LVEF、心室晚电位（VLP）、心率变异性的SDNN指标、窦性心率震荡的心率起始（TO）和心率斜率（TS）等数据,随访1年,以心脏性猝死或室颤作为终点事件,对上述数据进行二分类Logistic多因素回归分析前瞻性研究.结果 经回顾和前瞻性研究、多因素回归分析发现,TS、SDNN、LVEF（〈35%）与心脏性猝死有相关性,检测指标LVEF（35%～40%）联合VLP、TO和TS对预测心脏性猝死有临床价值.结论 TS、LVEF（〈35%）、SDNN、LVEF（35%～40%）联合VLP预测心脏性猝死发生具有显著的临床意义.