Association between oral,social, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults

ObjectivesOral frailty (OF) has been shown to be a predictor of disability. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify factors associated with OF in order to prevent long-term dependence. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between OF, social frailty (SF), and physical frailty (PF) in community-dwelling older adults, with the overarching aim of informing the future development of effective measures to prevent frailty.MethodsOral, physical, and social function, nutritional and psychological status, and medical history were examined in 682 community-dwelling individuals (267 men, 415 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Ordinal logistic regression analysis with SF and PF as independent variables was performed with pass analysis to determine the relationship between the different types of frailty.ResultsLogistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between OF and decline in social function, physical function, and nutritional status, and an increase in the number of medications used. Path analysis showed that SF was directly related to OF and that OF and SF were directly related to PF.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a decline in social function may directly influence a decline in oral and physical function. The results of this study provide initial evidence, that may guide the future development of measures that aim to prevent and manage OF.     

心血管疾病中认知衰弱的研究进展

认知衰弱是无痴呆的患者同时存在衰弱和轻度认知障碍的状态。认知衰弱直接影响心血管疾病患者的健康,增加失能、降低生活质量。现对老年心血管疾病患者认知衰弱的概念、评估、流行病学、预后、机制和干预措施进行综述。     

A systematic review of the effectiveness of oral health promotion activities among patients with cardiovascular disease

Aims

This study aimed to review the effectiveness of oral health promotion activities conducted among patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results

Three electronic databases were searched for effective papers using standardized search methods, and key findings of effective studies were summarized. The initial search yielded 3101 papers but only 8 studies met the criteria for this review: 3 were randomized controlled studies, 3 were pre-/post group interventions, 1 was a randomized split-mouth study, and 1 was a quasi-experimental study. Studies retrieved concerned oral health promotion activities in patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart transplantation, and stroke. Interventions comprised periodontal treatment performed by dental personnel, and oral hygiene interventions provided by nursing home care assistants. Outcomes included improvements in periodontal health, and modifications of systemic inflammatory markers. No studies, however, evaluated the effects of oral health promotion interventions on oral microflora.

Conclusion

There are limited studies on the efficacy of oral health promotion activities in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke patients. Oral health promotion activities appear to produce improvements in periodontal health, and also result in changes to systemic markers of inflammation and endothelial function (at least) in the short term. Whether these effects can ultimately lower the risk of secondary cardiovascular events has not yet been determined.     

衰弱与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

衰弱是一种复杂的老年综合征,可导致老年人抗应激能力和维持自身稳态能力降低,与跌倒、失能和死亡等不良结局相关。心血管疾病在老年人群中有很高的发病率,且越来越多的研究发现衰弱和心血管疾病关系密切,衰弱能够影响多种心血管疾病如心力衰竭、高血压等预后。因此,在临床工作中充分认识衰弱和心血管疾病的关系以及衰弱对心血管疾病预后的影响,可帮助临床医师为心血管疾病患者制定更好的疾病管理策略,有效地延缓或避免不良结局发生。     

Relationship between the nutritional status and safety and efficacy outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients aged 80 years and over receiving oral anticoagulants

BackgroundMalnutrition has been reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the nutritional status in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients aged 80 years and over receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs), focusing on the difference between direct OACs (DOACs) and warfarin treatment.MethodsThis was a retrospective and observational study. We enrolled 332 consecutive AF patients aged 80 years and over who were treated with OACs: DOACs (n = 256) and warfarin (n = 76). A controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was used to evaluate the nutritional status. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the CONUT score: CONUT score <5 (n = 239) and CONUT score ≥5 (n = 93) groups. We investigated the relationship between the nutritional status and clinical outcomes.ResultsThe CONUT score ≥5 group had significantly higher incidence of major bleeding (MB) compared to the CONUT score <5 group (4.6/100 person-years vs. 0.7/100 person-years, p < 0.01). On Cox hazard analysis, CONUT score ≥5 group was significantly associated with increased MB compared with the CONUT score <5 group (hazard ratio: 5.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–23.33, p = 0.013). In the DOAC group, the incidence of MB did not differ between the CONUT score ≥5 and CONUT score <5 groups (p = 0.54). In the warfarin group, MB occurred more frequently in the CONUT score ≥5 group than CONUT score <5 group (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of thromboembolic events between the CONUT score ≥5 and CONUT score <5 groups in both the DOAC and warfarin groups.ConclusionsThe prognostic values of the nutritional status based on the CONUT score for MB differed between AF patients aged 80 years and over receiving DOACs and those receiving warfarin. It may be favorable to use DOACs to avoid bleeding events in those with malnutrition.     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与中国人群心血管病发病危险的相关性

目的 探讨我国35～64岁人群血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平与不同心血管病事件发病危险的相关性.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法 ,应用Cox比例风险模型对1992年建立的中国多省市心血管病危险因素队列中35～64岁基线无心血管疾病且资料完整的29 937名研究对象的基线non-HDL-C水平和12年间急性冠心病事件(AGE)、缺血性卒中、出血性卒中和缺血性心血管病事件(ICVD)的发病危险进行分析.结果 (1)多因素Cox回归分析显示,调整年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、体质指数、收缩压等传统危险因素后,ACE、缺血性卒中及ICVD事件发病的相对危险均随non-HDL-C水平的升高而增加.以non-HDL-C＜3.37 mmol/L(130 mg/dl)为参照组,3.37～4.13 mmol/L(130～159 mg/dl)、4.14～4.91 mmol/L(160～189 mg/dl)和≥4.92 mmol/L(190 mg/dl)组ACE、缺血性卒中及ICVD事件发病相对危险分别为:1.24(0.91～1.70)、1.78(1.25～2.53)、2.23(1. 48～3.35);1.34(1.07～1.68)、1.38(1.04～1.83)、1.38(0.97～1.94)和1.37(1.12～1.63)、1.52(1.22～1.90)、1.70(1.30～2.22).而non-HDL-C≥4.92 mmol/L(190 mg/dl)时,出血性卒中发病危险明显下降.(2)对极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇进行联合分析显示:VLDL-C与ACE的发病危险相关性最强,其次为ICVD事件.出血性卒中的危险随VLDL-C升高呈下降趋势.结论 non-HDL-C可增加ACE、缺血性卒中和ICVD事件的发病危险.VLDL-C对ICVD事件的发病也具有一定的作用,其中对ACE的作用最为明显.     

老年住院患者口腔健康与衰弱的关联分析

【摘要】 目的 了解老年住院患者衰弱及口腔健康现状,分析口腔健康对衰弱的影响,为针对性干预提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,抽取陕西省人民医院老年病院685名老年住院患者,使用一般资料调查表、老年口腔健康评价指数和Tilburg衰弱评估量表对其进行调查。结果 老年住院患者合并衰弱占比为49.3%,口腔健康得分为54（48,57）分,处于中等水平,衰弱老年人的口腔健康总分及各维度得分均显著低于非衰弱老年人（P<0.01）;Spearman相关分析显示,口腔健康及各维度与衰弱呈负相关（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在口腔健康等级中,老年人处于口腔健康中等水平是高等水平发生衰弱风险的4.345倍（95%CI: 2.437,7.747）,处于低等水平是高等水平发生衰弱风险的9.149倍（95%CI: 4.454,18.795）,且年龄、婚姻状况、体育锻炼、多重用药、牙齿掉落个数、近1年有无口腔溃疡是衰弱的主要影响因素。结论 老年住院患者口腔健康与衰弱密切相关,口腔健康水平越低其衰弱发生率越高。医护人员应重视对老年人口腔健康的识别和筛查,将口腔健康纳入衰弱老年人健康管理的工作范畴,通过积极的早期干预,延缓衰弱的进展。     

糖尿病患者低血糖与心血管疾病的关系

控制血糖是糖尿病治疗的首要目标,但在降糖过程中,难以避免的低血糖会减少降糖益处,甚至增加死亡风险.近年来研究发现,低血糖可以改变心血管系统神经内分泌和电生理、损害血管内皮,进而诱发糖尿病急性心血管事件或加快慢性并发症进程.低血糖的发生会抵消糖尿病患者一生高血糖治疗所带来的益处.现将低血糖与糖尿病患者心血管疾病的关系作一综述.     

老年住院患者口腔健康与衰弱的相关性

目的 了解老年住院患者衰弱及口腔健康现状,分析口腔健康对衰弱的影响,为针对性干预提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,抽取2022年5月至11月陕西省人民医院老年病院700例老年住院患者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、老年口腔健康评价指数和Tilburg衰弱评估量表进行调查,其中685例患者的调查问卷为有效问卷。依据Tilburg衰弱评估量表得分将患者分为非衰弱组(n=347)和衰弱组(n=338),比较2组患者一般资料与口腔健康状况的差异。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用Mann-Whitney U检验或χ²检验进行组间比较。采用Spearman相关分析衰弱与口腔健康及各维度的相关性。采用多因素logistic回归分析衰弱的影响因素。结果 老年住院患者合并衰弱占比为49.3%(338/685),口腔健康得分为54(48,57)分,处于中等水平,衰弱组患者的口腔健康总分及各维度得分均显著低于非衰弱组患者(P<0.01)。Spearman相关分析显示,口腔健康与衰弱呈显著负相关(r=-0.599,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄更大(OR=1.043,95%CI 1.009~1.079)、未/离婚或丧偶(OR=2.226,95%CI 1.176~4.211)、多重用药(OR=1.986,95%CI 1.329~2.968)、牙齿掉落个数越多(OR=1.054,95%CI 1.016~1.093)、近1年有口腔溃疡(OR=1.930,95%CI 1.111~3.351)、口腔健康中等水平(OR=4.345,95%CI 2.437~7.747)和低等水平(OR=9.149,95%CI 4.454~18.795)为老年住院患者衰弱的危险因素;体育锻炼(OR=0.596,95%CI 0.403~0.881)为其保护因素。结论 老年住院患者口腔健康与衰弱密切相关,口腔健康水平越低其衰弱发生率越高。医护人员应重视对老年人口腔健康的识别和筛查,将口腔健康纳入衰弱老年人健康管理的工作范畴,通过积极的早期干预,延缓衰弱的进展。     

老年心血管病患者衰弱综合评估与强化教育对健康结局的影响

目的探讨衰弱综合评估与强化教育对老年心血管病住院及出院患者健康结局的影响。方法采用连续入组方式于2019年2月至5月选取解放军总医院心血管内科的老年心血管疾病住院患者100例,开展Fried衰弱表型及老年综合评估研究,并从多个时间节点进行强化教育并观察疗效。结果老年心血管疾病住院患者衰弱和不衰弱分别为24例和76例,logistic回归分析显示3米起立行走计时测试(OR=1.151,95%CI 1.029~1.288,P=0.014)、心绞痛(OR=8.510,95%CI 1.753~41.307,P=0.008)和D-二聚体(OR=2.925,95%CI 1.161~7.369,P=0.023)是衰弱的影响因素。研究未显示衰弱对心血管疾病住院患者的并发症有影响,且所有患者未发生死亡、跌倒与骨折等不良事件。衰弱和不衰弱患者在出院后6个月内有跌倒、骨折、再入院事件发生分别为9例和19例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者出院后3个月抑郁评估得分均较住院时下降,长期口服药种类不衰弱组较住院时减少(P<0.05)。出院后6个月不衰弱组FRAIL衰弱评分及BMI指数均较住院时降低(P<0.05),衰弱组变化不显著。2组患者出院后与住院时基本日常生活活动量表(BADL)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年心血管病住院患者衰弱综合评估与强化教育有助于减少住院和出院后不良事件的发生,在改善患者出院后衰弱、抑郁、体质量指数及多重用药方面,不衰弱组比衰弱组效果显著。     

老年住院患者社会衰弱与生理衰弱的相关性

目的 采用横断面研究分析≥60岁住院患者的社会衰弱情况,并探讨其与躯体功能的关系.方法 选取首都医科大学宣武医院老年医学综合科≥60岁的住院患者258例,应用社会衰弱量表(HALFT)评估社会衰弱情况,将评分≥3分患者纳入社会衰弱组,其中1～2分患者纳入社会衰弱前期组,0分患者纳入无社会衰弱组,分析社会衰弱的患病情况及...     

老年单纯收缩期高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与心血管危险因素相关性研究

目的观察血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，tHcy）与老年单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）患者心血管危险因素和靶器官损害的相关性。方法测定90例老年ISH患者血压和血脂，并检测其血Hcy浓度、血清白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）、尿微量白蛋白（MAU），测定左室质量指数（LVMI），利用彩色多普勒超声测定肱动脉内皮舒张功能（FMD）和颈动脉内膜厚度（CIMT）。结果（1）Hcy与心血管危险因素相关性：利用单变量分析显示：Hcy与血清甘油三酯（r=0．318，P=0．003）呈正性相关，与胆固醇（r=0．238，P=0．029）、低密度脂蛋白（r=0．221，P=0．043）、脉压差（r=0．253，P=0．019）无相关性；而采用多因素逐步回归分析发现：Hcy与血清甘油三酯（r=0．302，P=0．004）呈正相关，但与脉压差、（r=0．217，P=0．038）胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、收缩压及舒张压无相关。（2）Hcy与血清炎性因子相关性：Hcy与IL-6呈正性相关（r=0．426，P=0．000）.（3）Hcy与内皮功能相关性：校正年龄、血脂及血清炎性因子，利用偏相关分析表明Hcy与FMD的变化呈负相关（r=-0．332，P=0．003）。（4）Hcy与靶器官损害关系：未发现Hcy与CIMT、LVMI及MAU之间存在相关性。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症与心血管危险因素有一定相关性，是老年单纯收缩期高血压的一个独立危险因素。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎和心血管疾病关系的研究进展

当前,由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球蔓延。SARS-CoV-2主要通过血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)受体感染宿主细胞,在引起呼吸系统损伤的同时,也造成急性心肌损伤和慢性心血管疾病。COVID-19患者合并心血管疾病也十分常见,对患者的预后有显著...     

湖北地区居民体力活动对心血管病影响

目的 了解湖北地区居民日常运动情况及其与心血管疾病之间的关系。方法 采用分层多阶段随机抽样对湖北黄石铁山区1925名及武汉洪山区718名及湖北黄冈麻城2037名及随州广水1971名15岁以上居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,获取基本资料与心血管疾病相关资料,对相关数据用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析;结果 不同运动等级下高血压、脑卒中患病病率存在差异,不同运动等级下心血管疾病的危险因素包括肥胖的患病率、BMI、腰围、基础代谢、身体脂肪率、内脏脂肪指数和静息60s脉搏均存在统计学差异。高血压患者非工作日静态行为时间多于非高血压者,而工作日和非工作日睡眠时间均低于非高血压患者,脑卒中患者工作日和非工作日的静态行为时间均高于非脑卒中者,差异有统计学意义。结论 体力活动的不同会影响心血管疾病如高血压、脑卒中等的患病率,应该重视运动锻炼在心血管疾病预防工作中的作用。     

Physical frailty and cognitive function among men with cardiovascular disease

AimsTo assess the relationship between physical frailty and cognitive function among elderly men with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsThree-hundred-twenty-four community-dwelling men with chronic CVD (mean age 77.2 ± 6.4 years) who previously participated in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) trial (1990–1998) underwent assessment of frailty and cognitive function between 2011 and 2013. Physical frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotypic model, and cognitive performance overall and in memory, executive function, visuospatial and attention domains was evaluated using a validated set of computerized cognitive tests. Linear regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional relationship of frailty status and its components (gait speed, grip strength, weight loss, exhaustion and activity) with cognitive function overall and in specific domains, adjusting for age, education, smoking status, physical activity, history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure, BMI and depression.ResultsOf the 324 men, 91 (28%) were frail and 121 (37%) were pre-frail. After controlling for potential confounders, severity of frailty was strongly associated with global cognitive function (β = −8.0, 95%CI = −11.9,−4.1 and β = −3.3, 95%CI = −6.0,−0.5 comparing frail and pre-frail to non-frail, respectively), with the most profound associations observed in executive function and attention. Gait speed was associated with overall cognitive performance and with all cognitive domains assessed in this study, and activity with none.ConclusionCognitive function is poor among frail and pre-frail men with CVD, particularly in non-memory domains. Future research is warranted to address mechanisms and to assess the efficacy of interventions to improve physical and cognitive health.     

老年住院病人睡眠障碍与衰弱的相关性研究

目的探讨老年住院病人睡眠障碍与衰弱的关系。方法对501例老年住院病人采用一般资料调查问卷、Tilburg衰弱评估量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表进行调查与评估。结果老年住院病人睡眠障碍及衰弱的发生率分别为56.5%、31.3%;不同睡眠质量的老年住院病人在Tilburg衰弱评估量表各维度得分及总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);PSQI 7个因子的得分和总分均与Tilburg总分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年住院病人的睡眠障碍和衰弱发生率均较高,应从多个维度进行睡眠障碍的预防与干预管理,从而提高老年病人的整体健康水平。     

社区老年人衰弱与骨质疏松的关系研究

目的 探讨社区老年人衰弱与骨质疏松之间的关系.方法 采用便利抽样、横断面调查的方法,分别采用蒂尔堡衰弱指标量表(TFI)以及亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具(OSTA)指数对社区老年人进行衰弱及骨质疏松调查.收集所有对象的一般资料并进行体能测试,采用多因素分析老年人衰弱的影响因素.结果 衰弱病人骨质疏松发生率显著高于非衰弱病...     

The effect of physical activity on dose-relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular health events in older adults

Background and aimsReverse J- or U-shaped associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes have been reported, which need clarifications in older adults. Physical activity, correlating with both serum 25[OH]D concentration and cardiovascular health, may have an effect on the dose-relationships.Methods and ResultsAt baseline, 2790 participants aged 65 years and over, free of vitamin D supplementation use, had assays for serum 25[OH]D concentrations and health related characteristics and measurements, were followed up for cardiovascular events and death by up to 7 and 15 years, respectively. The dose–response associations of serum 25[OH]D concentrations with cardiovascular events and mortality risk were examined using Cox regression models.After adjusting for physical activity and other covariates, serum 25[OH]D concentration was non-linearly associated with cardiovascular mortality risk (U-shaped, P = 0.009). According to the Institute of Medicine categories, the HR(95% CI) of cardiovascular mortality risk separately in deficient (<25 nmol/L), inadequate (25 to < 50 nmol/L) and potentially harmful (≥125 nmol/L) level was 1.67 (0.23, 12.01), 1.66 (1.25, 2.20) and 2.21 (0.30, 16.37), respectively. The risk of 25[OH]D inadequacy for cardiovascular mortality was significantly attenuated by increased physical activity, especially leisure activity (P for trend = 0.008 and 0.021, respectively). No significant finding was observed for incident cardiovascular events.ConclusionBoth lower and higher serum 25[OH]D concentrations were associated with risk of cardiovascular mortality in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Physical activity may attenuate the cardiovascular mortality risk of vitamin D inadequacy, but its role in individuals with higher 25[OH]D concentrations remains unclear.     

激素替代治疗与绝经后妇女心血管疾病的关系

在绝经前,女性发生心血管疾病的危险性较低,然而,伴随着更年期的到来,女性心血管疾病的发病率明显升高,激素替代治疗随之成为临床上预防心血管疾病的热点话题.激素替代治疗在预防绝经妇女心血管疾病方面的研究.结果 并不一致,其预防效果在一定程度上取决于接受治疗者个体情况的差异.因此,激素替代治疗应当注意用药的时间、用药的个体化...