健康促进学校对医学生心理健康的干预效果评价

目的探讨健康促进学校对防制医科类大学生心理健康问题的有效性,为开展学生心理健康干预工作提供参考。方法选取合肥市某医科类高校某学院2008级所有在校新生为干预对象,通过实施为期1 a的健康促进学校活动,采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)评价干预前后医学生心理健康问题。结果共获得有效随访207人,有效随访率为94.5%;干预后,UPI所筛查出的Ⅰ类问题检出率由干预前的10.2%降至5.3%,Ⅱ类问题检出率由干预前的24.6%降至16.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);UPI总均分、抑郁倾向和神经症倾向评分均为干预后低于干预前,且差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论健康促进学校可以降低医学生的心理问题检出率,提高医学生的心理健康水平。     

以学校为基础的青少年控烟研究进展

烟草对我国青少年健康的不良影响已成为不容忽视的事实。研究显示,我国青少年吸烟人数不断上升且呈低龄化趋势,而绝大多数烟民吸烟习惯是在青少年时期养成的[1]。因此,如何有效控制青少年吸烟意义深远。目前,预防青少年吸烟项目主要分为以学校为基础的干预、以社区为基础的干预及     

儿童青少年基本运动技能学校层面干预研究进展

<正>基本运动技能(fundamental movement skill,FMS)被定义为人体非自然发生的基础运动学习模式[1-2],是复杂身体活动和专项运动技能的基础。在操作定义上,包括移动技能、物体控制技能和稳定性技能3个下位范畴。FMS对儿童青少年身体活动习惯、健康体     

促进儿童肥胖的预防性干预研究

儿童肥胖是亟需解决的重要公共卫生问题。尽管儿童肥胖的预防性干预研究取得了一定进展, 但在家长参与和干预保真度等方面仍具有挑战。倡导今后开展学龄前甚至孕前干预研究, 研发适用于不同地区、在大规模人群中行之有效的干预模式, 同时从基因、心理和行为等多个角度系统地分析儿童肥胖的影响因素, 为开展针对儿童特点的个性化肥胖干预和精准防控策略提供参考。     

课间活动对儿童青少年身心健康影响的研究进展

近年来,儿童青少年在校的课间休息时间及其对健康的影响作用备受关注。儿童青少年在学校中度过了大部分的学习日,而良好的课间休息有利于儿童青少年的身心健康、社会和情感的发展。研究主要从课间活动对儿童青少年肥胖、近视、认知、社交等身心健康方面的影响进行综述,为营造有利于儿童青少年健康的在校课间活动提供理论依据。     

以学校为基础的儿童肥胖干预项目综述

近年来肥胖已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。全球儿童少年肥胖正以惊人的速度增长,5～17岁的儿童少年中每10个就有1个属于超重肥胖;超重肥胖儿童少年共有1．55亿,其中肥胖儿童少年约3000～4500万。美国1971年至2000年的4次国民健康和营养状况调查显示,美国儿童少年超重肥胖率几乎翻了一番,肥胖率几乎增加了4倍,并且这一趋势仍在继续。     

学校健康教育与儿童青少年健康素养的促进

健康素养是20世纪70年代中后期开始出现的一个新概念,也是近10 a来全球健康教育与健康促进领域特别关注的一个研究议题.1998年,世界卫生组织从公共卫生角度诠释了健康素养的含义,认为健康素养代表着"人的认知和社会技能,这些技能决定了个体具有动机和能力去获得、理解和利用信息,并通过这些途径促进和维持健康"[1].随着对这一领域的不断研究,人们逐步认同健康素养是一个涵盖个体综合能力的概念.     

共同关注体质与心理健康 促进中国青少年全面发展

青少年群体全面发展对于实现2035年远景目标以及中华民族伟大复兴至关重要.鉴于"身心健康"作为个体全面发展之基础,关注青少年体质与心理健康是促进中国青少年全面发展的必要途径.就现状而言,中国青少年身心健康发展呈现出较好的改善形势,但仍然面临诸多问题.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延更是在很大程度上改变了青少年的生活方式...     

青少年体力活动对心理健康问题影响的研究进展

青少年心理健康问题受到全球各国的普遍关注, 体力活动对心理健康的促进作用具有重要的现实意义。研究通过对国内外有关青少年体力活动和心理健康问题关联的文献进行综述, 深入了解两者的关系, 并探索个体心理学因素、社会行为学因素和生物学因素在两者关联中的作用, 为青少年心理健康促进提供参考。     

推进政策与策略驱动的儿童青少年重点疾病防控与学校健康促进

儿童青少年处于生长发育的关键阶段,学校健康促进是保证其健康成长和全面发展的需要。目前中国儿童青少年身心健康状况不容乐观,近视、肥胖和抑郁障碍等重点疾病呈高流行状态。国家已从顶层进行了政策设计——中小学健康促进行动和儿童青少年心理健康行动,学校卫生研究者和基层工作者要借力政策发展,坚持重点疾病的四级预防、生命全程和全人群及重点人群干预等策略导向,并将疾病防控和健康促进融入所有政策,全面提高中国儿童青少年的身心健康。同时,结合近视防控理论研究与实践,提出政策与策略驱动的儿童青少年近视防控综合模型。     

Play therapy as a mental health intervention for children and adolescents

Play therapy is a child-centred therapy for children between the ages of 3 and 16 years who have mental health and/or other difficulties. The play therapist works one to one with the child, allowing children to explore their inner emotional world in almost any way they choose in the play room. The therapist sets a few necessary behavioural limits in order to safeguard physical and emotional safety during the weekly sessions. Children from all kinds of families come for play therapy. Some have witnessed domestic violence, or experienced abuse or other trauma. Some have conflicted relationships with the parents or carers arising out of insecure attachment and/or other issues. Provided that the child has some level of symbolic play, play therapy has the potential to help. The other provisos are that the home environment is sufficiently supportive at a basic level, and that the parent or carer is willing to support therapy. Children typically have play therapy for between two and 12 months, depending on the complexity of their difficulties. Play therapists analyse sessions and track changes to determine when to plan the ending with the child. Play therapists come from a range of professions and undertake full-time or part-time training in play therapy leading to a post-qualifying diploma or Master's degree. Qualified play therapists work in, or undertake work for, Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) services, Children's Services (Social Care), schools, and voluntary sector agencies.     

儿童青少年心理健康促进研究进展

儿童青少年心理问题在世界上发生率约为20%,所占的伤残调整寿命年为12.3%.影响儿童青少年心理健康的因素,可分为生物、家庭、学校和社会等因素,根据影响因素的特点,可分为危险因素和保护因素.采取从家庭、学校和社会等多方面的综合干预措施、学校生活技能训练和心理咨询等方法可有效地促进儿童青少年心理的健康发展.如何有效地调动家庭和社会力量的参与是进一步研究的重点.     

Toward a public mental health promotion and intervention system for youth

Substantial limitations exist at all levels of mental health care for youth in most communities in the United States. Particular gaps exist in the areas of prevention, mental health promotion, and early intervention programs. The national movement toward enhancing mental health programs for youth in schools offers an important opportunity to fill gaps in the prevention-services continuum toward the development of a Public Mental Health Promotion and Intervention System for Youth. A strategy--the Child and Adolescent Program Planning Schema (CAPPS)--is presented to analyze gaps in a community's system of mental health programs for youth, and to facilitate planning toward development of a full continuum of programs from broad, population-based prevention, and mental health promotion strategies to treatment of youth with more established problems.     

儿童青少年体力活动与身心健康研究进展

近几十年,儿童青少年体力活动水平下降趋势明显,导致其健康水平下降,新冠肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延进一步加重了该趋势。在疫情防控常态化背景下,为深入解析体力活动与儿童青少年身心健康之间的关系,促进儿童青少年身心健康水平,追踪梳理了国内外相关主题文献,分析了体力活动对儿童青少年健康体适能、认知和心理健康的积极影响,发现相关健康效应存在显著的体力活动类型、强度和时间差异等,进而提出了体力活动相关研究的若干问题。     

Evaluation of a school-based intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention among Belizean adolescents

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive-behavioral peer-facilitated school-based HIV/AIDS education program on knowledge, attitudes and behavior among primary and secondary students in Belize. Students (N = 150) were recruited from six schools in Belize City. A quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the impact of a 3-month intervention. Seventy-five students received the intervention and 75 students served as controls. The intervention was guided by constructs from the Theory of Reasoned Action and Social Cognitive Theory. At the follow-up assessment, the intervention group showed higher HIV knowledge, were more likely to report condom use, had more positive attitudes toward condoms and were more likely to report future intentions to use condoms than the students in the control group. Overall, the findings indicate that the intervention had a positive impact on participants. Given the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS in Belize, especially among adolescents, this study has important implications for the country of Belize.     

Risks and resources for mental health of children and adolescents

Children's and adolescents' mental health is an epidemiological outcome of considerable public health relevance. This is based on a comparably high prevalence of mental health problems and disorders in children and adolescents. The supplementary study 'Mental Health', which is a modular part of the Health Survey for Children and Adolescents conducted by the Robert Koch Institute, aims at assessing the prevalence of specific mental health problems and disorders in a representative sample of children and adolescents in Germany. Furthermore, determinants of mental health will be studied in a developmental context. Screening to assess mental health problems will be performed in a representative sub-sample of the National Health Survey for Children and Adolescents. The sub-sample will comprise approximately 4,000 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years. Participants are interviewed once to assess the occurrence of risk factors and available assets (protective factors) for mental health, thus providing valuable data for health monitoring and planning (cross-sectional part of the study). A sub-group of this cross-sectional sample as well as an additional clinical sample are repeatedly studied in a longitudinal design. This part of the study is carried out to estimate the effect size of risk and protective factors on mental health, and to analyse their combined effects on the developmental process. From the findings, clues to effective prevention and intervention strategies can be derived.