父母因素对儿童青少年视屏时间的影响及其性别差异

分析父母因素对儿童青少年视屏时间的影响并探讨是否存在性别差异,为制定儿童青少年视屏时间过长干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,在北京市房山区城市中学、城市小学、乡村中学、乡村小学各抽取4所学校,对抽中学校的学生及家长各2 183人进行一般人口学特征及视屏时间问卷调查.分析父母因素对学生视屏时间过长的影响及性别差异.结果 中小学生视屏时间过长报告率为10.4%,男生(11.9%)高于女生(8.9%).父亲一周中高等强度体力活动总时间>180 min、工作日和一周日均视屏时间>120 min,其孩子视屏时间过长的风险分别是参照组的0.64,1.88和1.91倍.母亲工作日、休息日及一周日均视屏时间>120 min,其孩子视屏时间过长的风险分别是参照组的1.87,1.52和1.76倍,父亲工作日及一周日均视屏时间对男生和女生均有影响,母亲工作日、休息日及一周日均视屏时间对女生的影响较为明显.结论 父母日常视屏时间对子女的视屏时间有较强的影响,在制定儿童青少年视屏行为防控措施时应考虑父母视屏行为的影响.     

江西省儿童青少年近视流行现状及影响因素

分析江西省儿童青少年近视流行现状及其影响因素,为制定近视防控措施提供思路.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取江西省11个设区市的5.5~18岁儿童青少年66 199名进行近视筛查和视力不良影响因素问卷调查.近视筛查及判定方法按2018年国家卫生健康委员会推荐近视筛查标准《儿童青少年近视筛查规范》进行.结果 儿童青少年近视患病率为49.4%,随着学段的增加,学生近视患病率呈明显上升趋势(x2=13 955.65,P<0.01);女生近视患病率(53.9%)高于男生(45.7%)(x2=440.95,P<0.01);城区学生近视患病率(53.9%)高于县城(43.5%)(x2=707.46,P<0.01).随着学段升高,低度近视构成比呈下降趋势,中、高度近视构成比呈上升趋势(x2=4 024.35,P<0.01).结论 江西省儿童青少年近视患病率仍处较高水平,并受户外活动、灯光使用、睡眠时间、用眼行为、地区等因素的综合影响,需有针对性地开展干预措施.     

儿童、青少年骨矿含量影响因素多元岭回归分析

目的：分析儿童青少年时期骨量发育状况和年龄、体格发育及膳食因素对骨矿含量的影响。方法：以问卷表收集了161名健康9～20岁儿童青少年性发育程度、运动及饮食情况并测定体格发育状况：采用单光子骨密度仪检测桡骨骨矿含量和骨宽。结果：男、女生骨矿含量水平均随年龄增长而明显增加；性发育水平、骨宽以及身体质量指数对骨矿含量有较明显的作用；膳食钙摄入量与骨矿含量呈正相关，膳食磷和膳食纤维与骨矿含量呈负相关。结论：男、女性骨矿含量在整个青春期都处于不断增长过程中，性发育程度、身体质量指数与骨矿含量密切相关；骨宽对骨矿含量影响较大。膳食纤维与骨矿含量呈负相关，注意增加膳食钙摄入量，调整膳食钙、磷比例等因素有助于儿童、青少年骨矿含量的提高。     

体育锻炼对儿童青少年生长发育的影响

体育锻炼不仅能够提高人们的运动能力,改善心理品质,而且能够提高儿童青少年的发育水平。其作用主要反映在儿童青少年的身高上,因为身高是生长发育的综合指标,它既稳定,又有代表性。本文就沈阳市于1987年6月1日～9月2日,对8～16岁中、小学生3464名(有效卡数)分成三组(体校组:市区、县业余体校全部田径队员798名,男319名,女404名;测试组:体育重点中、小学校田径队员1543名,男796名,女768名;对照组:普通中、小学     

母乳喂养与儿童青少年肥胖类型的关联

目的探讨母乳喂养与儿童青少年肥胖类型的关联,为儿童期不同类型肥胖影响因素的识别和干预提供理论基础。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在中国7个省市抽取93所中小学校学生进行体格检查和问卷调查,选择母乳喂养等资料完整的30 437名7～17岁中小学生作为研究对象。采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析母乳喂养与儿童青少年肥胖类型的关联。结果研究对象母乳喂养率为69.8%。母乳喂养组一般性肥胖、单纯腹型肥胖和复合型肥胖发生率依次为7.1%,3.9%和18.7%,非母乳喂养组为7.0%,4.7%和19.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.04,P<0.01)。单因素分析发现,以正常组(体质量指数非超重肥胖且腰围相似文献   

上海市虹口区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解上海市虹口区中小学生脊柱弯曲异常发生率及影响因素,为脊柱弯曲异常防治工作提供科学依据.方法 采取分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取虹口区7所学校1 884名小学四年级至高中三年级中小学生进行脊柱弯曲异常筛查和影响因素的问卷调查.结果 虹口区中小学生脊柱弯曲异常检出率为7.2％,随着学段的升高,脊柱弯曲异常检出率升高,...     

中国儿童青少年身体活动现状及相关影响因素

了解我国儿童青少年身体活动现状及相关影响因素,为提高儿童青少年身体活动水平、增进体质健康提供依据.方法 收集“2014年6~69岁城乡居民体育健身活动及体质状况抽测公报”部分数据指标,采用SPSS 20.0描述分析我国6~19岁儿童青少年身体活动现状及特点,并对影响因素进行逻辑回归筛查.结果 仅8.9%的儿童青少年达到身体活动指南推荐量;每周参加校内外体育健身活动的人数比例达99.8%,但有效负荷低(近1/4运动时强度较小).课外体育活动(OR=6.57,95%CI=5.58~7.73)、校外体育锻炼(OR=6.11,95%CI=5.17~7.22)和体育课(OR=5.32,95%CI=4.49~6.31)是身体活动积极影响因素,做作业时间>2 h/d(OR=0.59,95%CI=0.44~ 0.80)与身体活动量呈负相关;保护因素为父母支持态度、教师带练或教练指导,限制因素为场地设施单一.结论 我国儿童青少年身体活动严重不足,应多角度引导和促进参与积极性身体活动,加强有效体育锻炼、减少静坐行为.     

中国1990-2019年儿童青少年哮喘疾病负担变化趋势

目的 探索1990-2019年中国儿童青少年哮喘疾病负担变化趋势,为开展防控工作提供参考.方法 基于2019年全球疾病负担研究,利用Joinpoint回归分析性别和年龄别哮喘疾病负担动态变化,与各级社会人口指数(SDI)国家平均水平比较;并分析归因哮喘疾病负担的变化.结果 标化1～19岁哮喘伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)...     

体育运动对儿童青少年骨密度的影响

近几年,研究体育运动对骨密度的影响及对骨质疏松的预防作用已日益受到人们的关注.儿童青少年正处在生长发育的旺盛时期,在此期间,骨密度持续增加直到骨峰值的获得,而成年早期达到的骨峰值量是决定以后是否发生骨质疏松的关键因素,现将有关体育运动对儿童青少年骨密度的影响的研究成果综述如下.     

贵州省12～16岁儿童青少年行为问题现况及相关因素

目的 探讨贵州省12～16岁儿童青少年行为问题现状及其相关因素,为儿童青少年行为问题预防和干预提供参考。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,于2021年8—12月选取贵州省贵阳、都匀、凯里3个不同经济发展水平市的12所中小学校的3 217名12～16岁儿童青少年为研究对象,采用自编一般情况调查表、父母用儿童行为量表对儿童青少年监护人进行调查。结果 儿童青少年行为问题检出率为16.60%,其中男生为14.41%,女生为18.62%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,与身边同龄人关系一般或较好与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈负相关;非父母为主要看护人、孩子每天屏幕时间为1～2 h、孩子每天屏幕时间>2 h、无体育爱好、父亲教养方式为溺爱型或忽视型、母亲教养方式为溺爱型、父亲有不良生活嗜好、父亲偶尔生病、母亲偶尔生病与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈正相关(OR值分别为0.25,0.16,1.44,1.47,2.75,1.36,1.85,2.01, 2.12,1.69,1.30,1.38,P值均<0.05)。结论 贵州省儿童青少年行为问题发生率与自身不良生活习惯和家庭环境中的多种因素有关。家庭...     

Effects on haemoglobin of multi-micronutrient supplementation and multi-helminth chemotherapy: a randomized,controlled trial in Kenyan school children

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of multi-micronutrient supplementation and multi-helminth chemotherapy on haemoglobin concentration (Hb), using schools as a health delivery system. STUDY AREA AND POPULATION: Nine hundred seventy-seven children between 9 and 18 y of age from 19 primary schools in Bondo District, western Kenya, were included in the trial. The 746 (76.4%) children on whom baseline Hb was available were included in this study. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-by-two factorial trial of the effects of multi-micronutrient supplementation and multi-helminth chemotherapy on Hb after 8 months. INTERVENTION: Single treatment of infected children with albendazole (600 mg) for geohelminths and praziquantel (40 mg/kg) for Schistosoma mansoni and daily supplementation with 13 micronutrients. RESULTS:: Multi-micronutrient supplementation (3.5 g/l, 95% CI 1.7, 5.3; P=0.0002) and anthelminthic treatment (2.0 g/l, 95% CI 0.2, 3.9; P=0.03) increased Hb independently (interaction, P=0.33). The effects were also independent of baseline Hb and general nutritional status. The treatment effect was due to reductions in S. mansoni and hookworm intensities of infection, in that Hb increased by 0.4 and 0.2 g/l, respectively, per 100 epg reductions in egg output. Interestingly, among S. mansoni-infected children, the effect of treatment seemed stronger in those with compared to those without co-existing malaria parasitaemia (interaction, P=0.09). CONCLUSION: Multi-micronutrient supplementation and multi-helminth chemotherapy increased Hb among school children, irrespective of initial Hb and nutritional status.     

Coffee, blood pressure and plasma lipids: a randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of coffee (as commonly drunk in Britain) on blood pressure and plasma lipids in healthy subjects. Fifty-four subjects followed three regimens successively, the order being randomized according to a Latin square design: five or more cups of coffee daily for 4 weeks; five or more cups of decaffeinated coffee daily for 4 weeks but no ordinary coffee; no coffee for 4 weeks. Coffee appeared to cause a small rise (of 3 mm Hg) in recumbent systolic blood pressure; this effect was less than, and obscured by, changes induced by posture and mild stress. No consistent changes attributable to coffee were found in diastolic blood pressure or pulse rate. Small changes in the expected directions occurred in plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI (decrease), and in total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (increase), but none of these were statistically significant. The effect of coffee on risk of heart disease in Britain is probably small.     

Effects of nurse follow-up on emergency room revisits: a randomized controlled trial

The emergency room (ER) is the gatekeeper of the hospital. It receives clients seeking help from the health care system, then refers them for necessary further care or, discharges them back into the community. A 1-year randomized control trial was conducted in an acute general hospital in Hong Kong to see if post-ER nurse follow-up helped to change health outcome and health care utilization. The intervention group received two follow-up calls from an experienced ER nurse, within 1-2 days and 3-5 days after ER discharge. The calls' content and the management options decisions were protocol driven. A total of 795 patients (intervention group=395, control group=400) completed the study. Bivariate analysis shows two significantly different variables between the intervention and control groups, improvement of the condition and ER revisit within 30 days. When other factors are controlled in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression, the effect of the intervention on re-visits to ER within 30 days is reversed. Gender, times of attending general practitioner after ER visits, and not considering other doctors are risks factors related to a higher chance of re-visiting ER within 30 days. Those who have an improved health condition and higher number of times attending general outpatient after ER visits are associated with a lower 30-day ER revisit rate. Nurse telephone follow-ups might have sensitized subjects to health care needs. Some subjects tended to use the ER as a primary care setting and some were doctor-shoppers. A more structured ER transitional model that incoporates nurse telephone follow-up and better interfacing between private and public health care sector, primary and tertiary care might help to decrease inappropriate ER use.     

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

European Journal of Nutrition - In observational studies, higher S-25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] has been associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic profile in childhood, but results may be...     

Effects of exercise training on physical activity in older people: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Recent randomized controlled trials indicated that exercise training for elderly significantly increased their physical fitness. However, very few studies have examined changes in physical activity after exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether six-month exercise training for older adults can increase and maintain their physical activity in daily life. METHODS: Sixty-two men and women aged 60 to 81 years (mean age 67.1 years), living in communities, were randomly allocated into an exercise group (n = 32) or a control group (n = 33). The intervention started in April 1998 and lasted for 25 weeks. The exercise regimen consisted of endurance training and resistance exercises in a two-hour class conducted at least twice a week. The subjects completed a physical activity diary at each pre-intervention (March 1998), post-intervention (September 1998) and follow-up (April 1999) measurement of physical activity. Physical activity, expressed as total daily energy expenditure, was calculated by multiplying the amount of time spent in each activity and the corresponding METs. RESULTS: Total daily energy expenditure significantly increased from 40.8 kcal/kg/day to 43.5 kcal/kg/day in the exercise group (p = 0.03), but did not change in the control group. At the follow-up measurement, the mean total daily energy expenditure in the exercise group remained significantly higher, by 1.7 kcal/kg/day, than that at the pre-intervention (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized controlled trial indicated that exercise training for elderly was effective in increasing physical activity in daily life.     

Effects of a health-social partnership transitional program on hospital readmission: a randomized controlled trial

Hospital readmission is an indicator of care quality. Studies have been conducted to test whether post-discharge transitional care programs can reduce hospital readmission, but results are not conclusive. The contemporary development of post-discharge support advocates a health and social partnership approach. There is a paucity of experimental studies examining the effects of such efforts. This study designed a health-social transitional care management program (HSTCMP) and subjected it to empirical testing using a randomized controlled trial in the medical units of an acute general hospital with 1700 beds in Hong Kong during the period of February 2009 to July 2010. Results using per-protocol analysis revealed that the HSTCMP significantly reduced readmission at 4-weeks (study 4.0%, control 10.2%, χ(2) = 7.98, p = 0.005). The intention-to-treat result also showed a lower readmission rate with the study group but the result was not significant (study 11.5%, control 14.7%, χ(2) = 1.53, p = 0.258). There was however significant improvement in quality of life, self-efficacy and satisfaction in the study group in both per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. The study suggests that a health-social partnership, using volunteers as substitutes for some of the professional care, may be effective for general medical patients.     

Effect of physical exercise on bodyweight in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial in a Brazilian slum

Given the increase in obesity in developed and developing countries and its concomitant morbidity, successful treatment approaches are needed. We examined the effect of a structured exercise intervention in overweight children in a slum in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. This was a randomized, controlled efficacy trial. Seventy-eight children were randomized. Exercise was supervised, consisting of three 50' group aerobics sessions per week for six months. All participants maintained ad libitum diets. Based on intention-to-treat analyses, children in both groups had a significant increase in weight at follow-up (p-value for within-group increase < or = 0.01). The increase in weight was significantly lower in the exercise group (mean difference between groups; -1.37; 95%CI: -2.00; -0.74). A significant difference (p = 0.049) between the exercise and control groups at six-month follow-up was also found for BMI (mean difference between groups; -0.53; 95%CI: -1.06; -0.002). When we restricted the analyses to children who completed the trial (intervention = 30 and control = 38), the results were the same. An exercise program for children, sustained for six months, was effective for reducing weight gain in overweight children living in a very poor neighborhood.