滑膜软骨瘤病影像学诊断

目的 探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的影像表现及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤病.36例均行相应关节X线检查,其中13例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 36例滑膜软骨瘤病患者中膝关节22例,髋关节5例,踝关节3例,肩关节2例,肘关节2例,腕关节及颞颌关节各1例;单关节发病31例,双关节发病5例均为膝关节.X线及CT表现为关节间隙及周围有钙化的骨小体,少的1个,多的达数百个,小如米粒,大的直径达2.7 cm.10例MRI检查中,8例钙化结节表现为T_1WI及T_2WI呈低信号,2例钙化结节中心T_1WI及T_2WI呈高信号,周边呈低信号.结论 X线、CT及MRI对本病诊断有重要作用.     

髋关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病CT诊断

髋关节滑膜骨软骨瘤病ＣＴ诊断王国华吴新彦程楷张通患者，女，５２岁，左髋部疼痛伴行走困难５年，疼痛向大腿后侧放射。体检：左髋关节后侧压痛，屈伸活动受限，托马斯征（＋），４字征（＋），直腿抬高试验（一）。左大腿变细，肌力Ｖ级，双髋关节ＣＴ扫描：左髋关节囊...     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的CT诊断

目的 分析滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线、CT表现,讨论本病的CT诊断价值。方法 11例经手术病理证实的滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者均行CT扫描,其中8例摄X线平片。结果 X线正确诊断6例,CT正确诊断10例。11例CT扫描均见钙化或骨化的游离体与悬垂体,以及关节内不同程度积液,9例见滑膜增厚并呈局部绒毛状或结节状隆起。游离体与悬垂体形态多样,呈均匀或不均匀钙化,数目从几枚到上百枚。结论 CT可以明确诊断该病,能发现X线平片不能发现的征象,具有较高的诊断价值。     

关节镜下诊断与治疗滑膜软骨瘤病

1996－2000年对24例26个关节（膝、肘、踝关节）的滑膜软骨瘤病人施行了关节镜手术，22例24个关节获得平衡24．5个月随访，效果满意。所有病人都施行了镜下软骨瘤摘除术和病变滑膜切除术，仅有两个病人遗漏了2个游离体，无其它并发症。关节镜下游离体摘除和滑膜切除术是治疗滑膜软骨瘤病的良好方法。     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线诊断

本文收集了1990—2000年的病例20例，其中男性17例，占85％，女性3例。年龄38—62岁，平均45岁。主要症状为患病关节肿胀疼痛，活动障碍。所有病例均经500mA国产X线机拍摄，其中3例经手术病理证实。     

滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI诊断

目的 探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI特征.方法 搜集经病理证实的26例滑膜软骨瘤病MRI影像资料,分析其MRI表现.结果 滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现为关节滑膜肥厚、关节内悬垂体及游离体、关节腔积液和骨性关节炎改变.26例中,Milgram病理分期Ⅰ期5例,3例表现为关节滑膜的不规则结节状肥厚,2例滑膜均匀肥厚,2例增强扫描肥厚的滑膜及结节明显强化;Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期12例,表现为既有关节滑膜的结节状肥厚,又有关节内悬垂体和游离体的形成,悬垂体呈中等T1、中等T2信号,增强扫描呈明显强化或环形强化,游离体于T1WI及T2WI上呈低信号,表现为大小不一、数目不等、形态不同的圆形、卵圆形钙化或骨化结节影,其中11例游离体中央呈短T1信号,脂肪抑制序列PDWI上呈低信号,增强扫描无明显强化.10例继发骨性关节炎改变.结论 滑膜软骨瘤病具有典型的MRI特征,当游离体钙化或骨化时可明确诊断,对较早期病变的诊断亦具有重要价值.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现和病理对照研究

目的探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析21例经手术及病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤病的影像资料。结果男性14例,女性7例,平均年龄45岁。膝关节13例,髋关节6例,肘关节2例。21例共26个关节均可见单发或多发游离体,有大量关节积液,不同程度的滑膜增厚,其中1例合并树枝状脂肪瘤;骨化的游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈高信号,在脂肪抑制序列上为低信号,钙化的游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,未钙化的游离体均为中等信号;增强扫描游离边缘及关节滑膜均显著强化。结论滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现具有一定的特点,术前影像学检查对于治疗有重要意义。     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现及其病理基础

目的：探讨滑膜软骨瘤病（SC）影像学表现及其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析经关节镜及病理证实的16例SC患者的影像资料,并与病理结果对照。结果：16例SC中累及膝关节12例（双膝关节同时累及1例）,累及踝关节2例,累及髋关节2例。16例均可见滑膜肥厚、关节内游离体及关节积液;增厚滑膜T1WI、FFE呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;未钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈中等信号,钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,骨化游离体T1WI呈高信号、T2WI呈中等信号。部分病例见骨髓水肿、交叉韧带、半月板损伤及关节周围软组织肿胀。结论：MRI能够提供比较全面的影像学信息,可提高SC的诊断符合率,指导临床治疗。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的：探讨颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的X线、C T、M RI征象,提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的X线、CT、MRI表现,8例患者均行普通X线和CT平扫检查,6例同时行MRI平扫检查,2例加做M RI增强扫描。结果8例均单侧发病,右侧6例、左侧2例。X线示颞下颌关节间隙增宽,关节周围多发结节状钙化影。C T平扫示关节周围软组织密度肿块伴多发钙化游离体。MRI平扫示关节腔内多发结节状长 T1、短T2信号,滑膜增厚并呈等 T1、等及稍长T 2信号,关节腔内积液。M RI增强示滑膜组织明显均匀强化,游离体呈边缘强化。结论颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病有典型的影像学表现,总结其X线、C T、M RI表现可以为临床诊断及治疗提供一定帮助。     

Giant solitary synovial chondromatosis

The purpose of this report is to describe giant solitary synovial chondromatosis, a previously unrecognized feature of synovial chondromatosis that may histologically and radiographically mimic a malignant neoplasm. Giant solitary synovial chondroma is an intra-and/or extraarticular lesion measuring over 1 cm in size and sometimes as large as 20 cm. The radiographic appearance is that of a large, well-marginated mass either of irregular feathery calcification from coalescence of multiple small synovial chondromas, or a rounded calcified mass from the growth of a single synovial chondroma. Radiographically, giant solitary synovial chondromatosis may appear similar to chondrosarcoma and parosteal osteosarcoma.     

Bone erosion in synovial chondromatosis

Of 30 patients with synovial chondromatosis, nine had prominent pressure defects at the articular margins of the hip and shoulder. Erosions of bone may be extensive, and the patient can be at risk for developing a pathologic fracture. Synovial chondromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions causing erosions of the articular ends of the bones; it is not as uncommon as has been previously suggested.     

Intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma mimicking synovial chondromatosis

 A case of intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma of the right knee joint in a 27-year-old man is reported. Prior to admission the patient had been suffering pain in the right knee for 5 years. Plain radiographs showed multiple calcified densities in the anterior aspect of the right knee closely mimicking synovial chondromatosis. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was a synovial sarcoma with extensive calcification subjacent to the synovial surface. Although intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma is very rare, it is important to be aware of the fact that synovial sarcoma, as well as synovial chondromatosis, can be present as a calcified lesion in the joint cavity.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现

目的 探讨滑膜软骨瘤的影像学特征.方法 回顾分析63 例经手术病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤影像学资料,总结其X线平片(63例)、CT(12例)和MRI(18例)表现特征.结果 63例中发生在膝关节46例,髋关节12例,肘关节3例,踝关节1例,肩关节1例.X线平片显示59例关节周围软组织内多发且数量不等的结节状或不规则钙化骨化影,4例仅见关节软组织肿胀而未见钙化骨化影.CT均可见较平片更为清晰的多发的钙化骨化结节影及滑膜增厚.MRI均显示关节滑膜增厚及结节样隆起,并见1个或多个不同成分特征及信号强度的软骨小体.结论 滑膜软骨瘤病在X线平片、CT 和MRI 表现具有特征性,特别是MRI能发现病变早期未钙化的软骨小体,使该病在早期能作出正确诊断,同时MRI能对该病进行较准确的分型.     

Bone scintigraphic demonstration of synovial chondromatosis

Markedly increased periarticular Tc-99m diphosphonate uptake around the knee is described in a patient found to have synovial chondromatosis. The pathophysiology and possible causes of bone tracer uptake in this cartilaginous disorder are discussed.     

Advanced imaging findings and computer-assisted surgery of suspected synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint

Synovial chondromatosis of the joint occurs mainly in teenagers and young adults. Only 3% of these neoplasms are located in the head and neck region. Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint is therefore a very rare disorder. Therefore, developing a working, histological confirmation is required for differential diagnosis. In this case series, the outcome of histological investigation and imaging techniques are compared. Based on clinical symptoms, five cases of suspected synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint are presented. In each of the subjects, the diagnosis was confirmed by histology. Specific imaging features for each case are described. The tomography images were compared with the histological findings. All patients demonstrated preauricular swelling, dental midline deviation, and limited mouth opening. Computer-assisted surgery was performed. Histology disclosed synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint in four cases. The other case was found to be a developmental disorder of the tympanic bone. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint can only be based on histology. Clinical symptoms are too general and the available imaging techniques only show nonspecific tumorous destruction, infiltration, and/or residual calcified bodies, they are only for advanced cases. A rare developmental disorder of the tympanic bone--persistence of foramen of Huschke--has to be differentiated.