后路经伤椎固定联合伤椎及后外侧植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折脊髓神经功能恢复研究

目的探讨伤椎内植骨联合伤椎固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的安全性和临床疗效。方法将60例一侧或双侧椎弓根完好的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者,分为实验组(后路经伤椎固定联合伤椎植骨后外侧植骨)和对照组(伤椎弓根螺钉内固定后外侧植骨)各30例。观察术前、术后1周、术后3个月及术后12个月伤椎椎体恢复度(R)值(伤椎前缘高度/临近椎体前缘高度的均值×100%)、椎体Cobb角、固定并发症发生率、脊柱序列复位、神经功能恢复情况(Frankel评分)。结果 60例均随访12~20个月(实验组16.4±2.3,对照组16.1±2.7)个月。椎体固定并发症发生率、脊柱序列复位、神经功能恢复情况(Frankel评分)及术前、术后1周、术后3个月2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月2组Cobb角及R值比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后3个月与12个月2组组内椎体R值、Cobb角、内固定并发症发生率、脊柱序列复位、Frankel评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路经伤椎固定联合伤椎及后外侧植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,能有效恢复椎体前中柱支撑,减少伤椎高度丢失和后凸畸形,是治疗爆裂性胸腰段骨折的一种安全有效的方法。     

Osteoset人工骨加自体骨移植治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核：与自体骨移植的比较

目的：分析病灶彻底清除后Osteoset人工骨加自体骨移植联合内固定治疗脊柱结核的安全性、可行性和治疗效果，并与单纯使用自体骨植骨比较。 方法：①实验对象：2003-01/2005-11在四川大学华西医院骨科手术治疗的脊柱结核患者124例，随机选择40例胸腰椎脊柱结核患者进行分析，对治疗和实验均知情同意。②实验材料：Osteoset-T人工替代骨: 由美国瑞特（Wright）医疗技术公司生产的骨移植替代材料。③实验方法：实验组20例，病灶彻底清除后带妥布霉素的Osteoset人工骨加自体骨植骨内固定；对照组20例，病灶彻底清除后单纯自体骨植骨内固定。④实验评估：根据术前、术后、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月患者脊柱X射线正侧位片及CT扫描对两组患者的骨融合和畸形矫正情况进行评定和分析。 结果：①患者平均住院19.5 d（12～27 d）。所有患者术后伤口均一期愈合，无全身并发症状，术后1周平均白细胞计数8.2×109。②随访12～48个月，平均26个月。影像学资料提示钢板位置良好，内固定无松动；结核病灶均无复发，脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正Cobb角15°，畸形矫正角度没有丢失。③Osteoset人工骨加自体骨植骨术后3个月融合率为40%（8/20）；术后6个月融合率为85%（17/20）,单纯自体骨植骨术后3个月融合率为10%（2/20例），术后6个月达55%（11/20）。术后1年两组的融合率均为100%。 结论：Osteoset人工骨在胸腰椎脊柱结核骨融合术中可以补充植骨量,与单纯使用自体骨植骨相比达到骨性愈合的时间较短。     

经椎弓根椎体楔形截骨治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形23例

背景：迟发性创伤后胸腰椎后凸畸形常引起下腰痛及椎管骨性压迫。为了消除疼痛及改善神经功能,常需手术治疗,其目标是矫正畸形,稳定脊柱。但究竟采取何种手术入路仍存在争论。 目的：观察经椎弓根椎体楔形截骨治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2004-01/2006-12南华大学附属第一医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形患者23例,男14例,女9例;年龄18~60岁,平均36岁;术前腰椎功能损伤程度按照JOA评分标准评定为(11.02±1.24)分,胸腰段后凸畸形Cobb角为(37.43±3.76)°。23例患者均采用经椎弓根椎体截骨、椎管减压及重建矢状面矫形方法,比较截骨前后腰椎功能恢复、骨愈合情况及有无并发症发生。 结果与结论：23例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~28个月,平均12.5个月。术后腰椎功能及后凸畸形均有明显改善,末次随访JOA评分为(14.04±2.12)分,Cobb角为(11.02±3.58)°,与术前相比差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。截骨面均于术后6个月骨性愈合,无假关节形成及矫正丢失等并发症。提示经椎弓根椎体楔形截骨可获得满意的后凸畸形矫正和神经减压,可促使腰椎功能恢复。     

脊柱结核植骨融合时间与术后血沉多样性的相关分析

背景与目的：临床实践中观察到脊柱结核患者行结核病灶清除、植骨、加或不加钢板内固定术后患者的血沉变化与植骨块骨性融合时间有一定的联系,分析脊柱结核患者术后血沉多样性和植骨融合时间的相关性。 方法：检索Pubmed数据库和CNKI 数据库1997-01/2007-12相关文章,以了解脊柱结核患者植骨块骨融合时间与血沉的关系。同时收集2007-01/2008-12右江民族医学院附属医院脊柱骨病外科收治的脊柱结核患者60例进行临床验证。患者男28例,女22例,年龄27~66岁,平均44岁,均行结核病灶清除、自体髂骨植骨、加或不加钢板内固定术,并经病理证实。患者术后1,7,14 d晨间空腹血沉检查,按血沉平均值分4组：轻度增快、中度增快、高度增快组和极度增快组。术后12,16,24周行X射线或CT检查及复查血沉,记录植骨块骨性融合情况并记录融合时间,对4组脊柱结核患者术后血沉多样性和植骨块骨性融合时间进行差异性和相关性分析。 结果：检索结果证明,血沉是非特异性指标,许多因素均可引起血沉升高。临床验证表明,脊柱结核患者轻度增快组16例,中度增快组20例,高度增快组13例,极度增快组11例;骨性愈合时间：≤ 12周8例,≤16周34例,≤24周18例。4组植骨块骨性融合时间差异性分析显示,χ2=10.814, P= 0.013,Spearman相关分析显示相关系数为r=0.414,P= 0.001。 结论：术后血沉多样性与脊柱结核术后植骨块骨性融合时间呈正相关。     

后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定并颗粒型磷酸钙人工骨经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗青壮年胸腰椎骨折30例随访

回顾性分析2006-11/2008-10上海交通大学附属上海市第六人民医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折患者30例,男18例,女12例;年龄29～65岁;均为单椎体骨折,骨折节段为T12~L2;压缩性骨折18例,爆裂性骨折12例。均采用后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定加经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨。记录植入时间,植入过程中出血量及植入并发症;伤椎以及临椎骨密度;植入后摄标准髋关节正侧位X射线平片,并测量Cobb角变化。30例患者均获得随访,平均17.6个月。植入时间90~220 min,出血量150~1 100 mL。2例发生椎体前方渗漏现象,所有病例均未发生椎管内渗漏现象。全部患者植入过程中均无神经系统并发症及其他并发症发生。内固定去除后3个月QCT测量显示,所有伤椎骨皮质,松质骨密度都较之相邻椎体明显升高(P < 0.05)。术后Cobb角平均(4.08±0.87)°,较术前(28.15±0.24)°有明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),随访时(4.71±1.45)°无明显丢失(P > 0.05)。提示使用椎弓根螺钉系统治疗青壮年胸腰椎骨折同时使用颗粒型磷酸钙人工骨经伤椎的椎弓根行椎体内植骨成形可以有效填充椎体内骨缺损空腔,避免术后椎体高度的丢失,并增强伤椎的强度。     

后路钉棒系统置入内固定并侧前方减压植骨融合治疗胸腰椎严重爆裂骨折12例

背景：胸腰椎爆裂性骨折侧前方减压植骨融合、钉棒系统内固定术可通过同一切口实现。 目的：观察后路钉棒系统置入内固定并侧前方减压植骨融合治疗胸腰椎严重爆裂骨折合并脊髓及神经根损伤的临床疗效。 方法：回顾采用后路钉棒系统置入内固定,侧前方减压植骨融合治疗12 例胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并神经损伤的病例。 结果与结论：12例患者椎管均获得有效减压,均随访9个月以上。影像学显示植骨块融合良好, 伤椎高度基本恢复,Cobb’s 角由术前平均22°恢复到6°,F rankel 分级恢复1级者6 例,恢复2级者3 例,无变化者3例。结果表明,采用后路钉棒系统内固定加侧前方减压椎体次全切除植骨融合是集减压、复位、内固定、植骨融合、矫正畸形、重建脊柱稳定一次完成的有效方法,但应严格掌握适应证。     

注射型磷酸钙人工骨椎体后凸成形固化治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折

背景：椎体后凸成形目前常用的注射型聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥椎体增强剂可达到增加椎体强度、稳定椎体、止痛的目的,但其组织相容性差,无生物降解性,容易造成使临近椎间盘或椎体发生变性、甚至骨折。 目的：观察注射型磷酸钙人工骨椎体后凸成形固化治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果。 方法：选择2007-12/2010-06哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院骨外科收治的骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者20例,均采用经双侧椎弓根球囊扩张注射型磷酸钙人工骨行椎体后凸成形固化治疗。手术前后行疼痛目测类比评分,胸(腰)椎正侧位X射线片及椎体前缘高度、Cobb角检测。 结果与结论：术后病椎前缘椎体平均高度较术前平均高度恢复(3.38±1.44) mm (P < 0.05)。术后Cobb角较术前平均恢复(7.63±2.52)° (P < 0.05),后凸矫正率为(38.90±11.28)%。术后3d及3周目测类比评分均较术前明显降低(P < 0.01)。说明经双侧椎弓根球囊扩张注射型磷酸钙人工骨行椎体后凸成形可以有效增加椎体强度、稳定椎体、明显缓解患者疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的有效方法。     

单纯后路手术治疗胸腰椎结核临床疗效分析

目的探讨单纯后路手术进行椎弓根螺钉内固定、病灶清除、植骨融合术治疗胸腰椎结核的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾分析近6年来收治的56例胸腰椎结核患者的临床资料。采用全麻,俯卧位,以病变椎体棘突为中心纵向切开,暴露棘突、椎板、椎间关节和横突,在上下相邻正常椎体植入椎弓根螺钉,常规对病椎植入短的椎弓根螺钉,从病变严重一侧或病变双侧咬除一侧或双侧椎板,清除硬脊膜外干酪样坏死组织,经椎间隙清除破坏的椎间盘、椎体内游离死骨,吸净椎管内及椎旁脓液,用链霉素2 g加生理盐水1000 m L作术野反复冲洗,再在病灶内放置链霉素粉剂2 g,装上预弯好的连接棒撑开、固定螺帽以矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复椎间隙高度,取咬除的棘突、椎板骨粒或同种异体骨或人工骨置于椎体骨缺损处及横突旁,放置多侧孔引流管,逐层严密缝合切口。术后正规抗结核治疗12~16月。结果采用单纯后路椎弓根螺钉固定、病灶清除、局部使用链霉素、植骨融合及术后正规抗结核治疗胸腰椎结核患者56例,术中术后均无并发症。平均手术时间为(2.5±0.5)h,术中平均出血量为(350±55)m L,术后3~10 w血沉均恢复正常,术后随访18个月,脊柱内固定无松动、断裂、拔出等,植骨处均已骨性融合。术前脊髓神经功能按美国脊柱损伤学会评分(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA):A级3例,B级5例,C级8例,D级13例,术后均恢复到ASIA E级。结核椎体矢状面Cobb角的变化由术前(26.5±5.3)°降低为术后(3.5±2.8)°。结论单纯采用后路手术治疗胸腰椎结核与采用经典的前后路联合手术治疗相比,具有手术简单、手术时间短、术中出血少、并发症少及脊柱后凸畸矫正良好、神经功能恢复好等特点,值得推广应用。     

伤椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入并椎体内植骨重建胸腰椎椎体的高度

背景：后路短节段经椎弓根内固定器械可使骨折达到近似解剖复位效果,明显提高疗效,但远期随访矫形度数丢失、内固定失败等并发症较普遍。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：对73例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体骨和同种异体骨行椎体内植骨。 结果与结论：73例随访6个月内均获骨性愈合,脊柱植骨融合率100%,无螺钉松动、折断。1例Frankel分级C级无变化,1例D级无变化,其余患者神经功能及腰背痛明显改善;置入后6个月损伤节段后凸平均Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎管前后径残留程度均较治疗前明显恢复。表明经伤椎椎弓根钉置入内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗骨折可获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、矫正丢失等并发症。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定材料置入并植骨融合后路矫正治疗重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸20例★

背景：主弯Cobb角大于65°、柔韧性小于34.5%的重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸多以传统的前后联合入路手术矫正，但并发症较多。应用使单纯后路手术对矫正置入椎弓根螺钉固定材料植入并植骨融合是否会有更好的效果? 目的：评价单纯后路矫正椎弓根螺钉固定材料并植骨融合术矫正治疗重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的效果。 设计：病例分析。 单位：上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院骨科。 对象：选择1999-06/2005-08在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院骨科收治的20例重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者，男8例，女12例，年龄12~18岁，平均15岁。均经全脊柱X片确诊。King-Moe分型Ⅰ型4例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型5例，Ⅳ型3例，Ⅴ型2例。术前侧凸主弯平均Cobb角82°(75o~92o),平均柔韧性为30%(20%~40%),术前平均双肩高度差为15 mm（5~35 mm）。 患者中Risser征1度3例，2度5例，3度6例,4度5例，5度1例。患者及家属均对治疗知情同意，实验经过医院伦理委员会批准许可。本组患者所用的人工骨为美国Wright公司的产品Osteoset。 方法：患者均行单纯后路矫正椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合手术，暴露预定融合范围内椎体的棘突、椎板、关节突关节及横突。暴露完成后先根据进钉点的解剖标志以徒手技术在术前确定的“关键性椎体”上置入椎弓根螺钉。其中6例手术以TSRH系统进行固定，其余手术均以CDH M8系统固定。术后评估手术时间及失血量。术后7 d 采用X线测量患者Cobb角，计算主弯矫正率，同时评估双肩高度差及住院时间。术后4年随访患者并发症及恢复情况。 主要观察指标：①手术时间及失血量。②Cobb角及主弯矫正率。③双肩高度差及住院时间。④随访结果。 结果：患者20例均进入结果分析。①手术时间及失血量：手术时间为3.2~4.3 h，平均3.5 h；失血量为660~1 070 mL，平均865 mL。②Cobb角及主弯矫正率：术后主弯平均Cobb角从术前的82°(75o~ 92o)矫正到31°(22°~37°),平均矫正率为62%。③双肩高度差及住院时间：术后脊柱侧位片均显示患者胸腰椎基本恢复正常后凸及前凸，平均双肩高度差为7.5 mm（0~11 mm），患者住院日为8~11 d, 平均9 d。④随访结果：所有患者均获术后4年随访，所有侧凸主弯矫正角度未发生丢失，固定节段全部融合，无断钉、断棒发生。 结论：单纯后路椎弓根螺钉内固定材料置入并植骨融合术能有效治疗主弯在75o~92o，柔韧性≥ 20％的重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸。     

One-stage posterior focus debridement,fusion, and instrumentation in the surgical treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis with kyphosis in children

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage posterior focus debridement, fusion, and instrumentation in the surgical treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis with kyphosis in children.

Methods

From December 2007 to May 2012, 13 patients (six males and seven females) suffering from lumbar spinal tuberculosis with kyphosis were admitted. All patients were treated with one-stage posterior focus debridement, fusion, and instrumentation. Then, the clinical efficacy was estimated by statistical analysis based on the data about Frankel grade, the Cobb angle of kyphosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which were collected at certain time.

Results

The age of all patients ranged from 5 to 13 years (average, 8.8 years). Operation time ranged from 120 to 190 min (average, 165 min). Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 800 ml (average, 460 ml). All patients were followed up for 24 to 57 months postoperatively (average, 33.5 months). The Cobb angle was changed significantly between preoperation and postoperation (P?<?0.05), and there was no significant loss at the last follow-up. The preoperation ESR (62.5?±?15.7) returned to normal (16.6?±?8.1) within 3 months postoperatively in all patients (P?<?0.05). Bone fusion was achieved within 3–5 months (average, 3.5 months). In the 13 cases, no postoperative severe complications occurred and neurologic function improved in various degrees.

Conclusion

The outcomes of follow-up showed that one-stage posterior focus debridement, fusion, and instrumentation can be an effective treatment method for the lumbar spinal tuberculosis with kyphosis in children.

     

钛网及同种异体骨植骨结合内固定治疗脊柱结核：23例随访验证

背景：植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核容易出现植骨块滑移、骨折、吸收或突入椎管引起神经症状,从而导致脊柱不稳。钛网为强度非常高的圆桶状,其边缘以锯齿状与椎体接触,具有显著防滑移作用。 目的：探讨钛网植入内固定结合同种异体骨植骨治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核的临床效果。 方法：选择胸腰椎结核患者23例,男12例,女11例,年龄13~55岁。采用一期病灶清除,前和/或后路椎弓根系统置入内固定,钛网及同种异体骨联合应用植入治疗,术后观察伤口愈合、结核中毒症状及神经功能恢复,固定融合及复发情况。 结果与结论：23例患者获得1~3年随访,伤口均一期愈合,结核中毒症状明显改善或消失,神经功能完全恢复,内固定无松动、断裂,植骨无移动、折断、吸收,无后突畸形发生,固定融合情况良好,无结核复发迹象,6~12周带支具下床活动,6个月恢复正常生活及工作。证实脊柱结核病灶一期清除后,应用钛网及同种异体骨植骨结合内固定置入治疗能使脊柱获得即刻及远期的稳定,纠正后凸畸形,促进椎体间植骨融合,是目前治疗脊柱结核的一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Comparison between the antero-posterior and posterior only approaches for treating thoracolumbar tuberculosis (T10-L2) with kyphosis in children: a minimum 3-year follow-up

Purpose

There are few papers in the literature comparing outcomes between antero-posterior and posterior-only approaches for treating thoracolumbar tuberculosis (T10–L2) in children

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 47 children who were diagnosed and treated as thoracolumbar tuberculosis (T10–L2) in our department from January 2005 to June 2009. Forty-seven cases of thoracolumbar tuberculosis were treated by two different surgical approaches. All the cases were divided into two groups: 25 cases in group A underwent one-stage posterior debridement, transforaminal fusion, and instrumentation, and 22 cases in group B underwent anterior debridement, bone graft, and posterior instrumentation in a single- or two-stage procedure. Two approaches were compared in terms of average operative time, blood loss, hospitalizations, bony fusion, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the Oswestry disability index score, neurological status, and the angle of kyphosis.

Results

All 47 patients (24 M/23F), averaged 9.1?±?2.6 years old (range 5 to 14 years), who were followed up for mean of 49.3?±?8.6 months (range 36 to 65 months). Spinal tuberculosis (TB) was completely cured, and the grafted bones were fused in 9 months in all cases. It was obviously that the average operative time, blood loss, hospitalization, and complication rate of group A was less than those of group B. Good clinical outcomes were achieved in both groups.

Conclusions

Both the antero-posterior and posterior approaches can effectively heal T10–L2 vertebral tuberculosis, but the average surgical time, blood loss, complications, and hospital stay following the posterior approach are prominently less than those following the antero-posterior approach. It might be a better surgical treatment for thoracic spinal tuberculosis in children with poor health status, especially for cases in early phase of bone destruction and/or mild and moderate kyphosis.

     

Rh-BMP-2 for L5–S1 arthrodesis in long fusions to the pelvis for neuromuscular spinal deformity in the pediatric age group: analysis of 11 patients

Purpose

Neuromuscular scoliosis is a challenging pathology to treat with high incidence of complications and failure of surgical fusion. Surgical correction can entail long fusion constructs extending to the pelvis. We report our experience in the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to augment L5–S1 arthrodesis in long segment fusions in pediatric patients with neuromuscular scoliosis.

Methods

Retrospective review of 11 pediatric patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity (mean, age 13.7 years; range, 10–20 years) who underwent long (mean, 15 levels; range, 10–18 levels) spinal instrumentation and fusion to the pelvis at a single institution from 2007 to 2012 with an average follow-up of 34 months (range, 11–62 months).

Results

Of the 11 patients, one had pseudoarthrosis at L5–S1. The average coronal Cobb angle measured 59° before surgery and 42° immediately after surgery. The average preoperative thoracic kyphosis and lumbar sagittal lordosis measured 34 and 59°, respectively. Immediately after surgery, the thoracic and lumbar angles measured 28 and 39°, respectively. At last follow-up, the average coronal Cobb angle was maintained at 43° and the thoracic and lumbar sagittal angles were 28 and 44°, respectively. An average of 14.2 mg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP-2) was used for each case.

Conclusions

L5–S1 arthrodesis may be effectively achieved in long fusions for pediatric neuromuscular spinal deformity with posterolateral fusion supplemented with rh-BMP-2. This surgical strategy may be associated with lower complication rates, decreased blood loss, and shorter operative times than circumferential fusion, which is particularly important in this complex fragile patient population.     

高位腰椎间盘突出症前后路植骨结合金属植入物内固定治疗效果的对比☆

目的：对比观察高位腰椎间盘突出症患者行前后路植骨结合金属植入物内固定治疗效果的比较。 方法：选择2002-09/2006-09中南大学湘雅二医院脊柱外科收治的高位腰椎间盘突出症患者33例,男20例,女13例;年龄34~61岁,平均52.5岁。全部为单一间隙椎间盘突出,其中T12~L1突出1例,L1/2突出6例,L2/3突出10例,L3/4突出16例。33例患者根据手术入路不同分为2组：后路组(n=18)：行后路双侧小关节切除自体小关节骨质及自体髂骨或异体人工骨椎间植骨及椎弓根钉内固定(经后方椎板切除入路);前路组(n=15)：行前路椎间盘切除植骨及钛板内固定(经侧前方入路)。比较两组患者的临床治疗基本情况,应用JOA 评分评价患者金属内固定材料植入前后及随访时的神经功能,总结并发症,观察植骨融合情况。 结果：33例患者均获得随访,随访时间18~48(40.5±3.0)个月,在内固定时间及金属材料植入过程中出血量计算经后方椎板切除入路优于前外侧入路,但在临床症状改善率以及神经损伤发生率方面两种方式没有显著性差异。后路组植入中2例硬脊膜撕裂,1例椎弓根螺钉位置偏斜,JOA评分由内固定前(12.84±2.59)分提高到随访时的(25.63±3.06)分,优良率为88%,随访时骨性融合率为94%;前路组植入中1例硬脊膜破裂,1例植入后单侧神经根麻痹,1例植入后出现难制性呃逆,JOA评分由内固定前(11.96±2.14)分提高到随访时的(24.92±3.91)分,优良率为84%,随访时骨性融合率93%。 结论：前路或后路手术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症均可获得良好的临床疗效,可根据术者的熟练程度选择术式,同时应进行内固定融合。     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定联合自体颗粒骨移植治疗退行性腰椎病变

背景：植骨材料来源、形态及植骨方式对腰椎融合的影响目前仍有争议。自体颗粒骨打压植骨作为一种新的植骨方式,具一定的优点,但目前在腰椎融合的临床应用报道不多。 目的：探讨后路椎弓根螺钉置入内固定联合自体颗粒骨打压移植治疗退行性腰椎疾患的临床可行性。 方法：纳入接受后路腰椎融合治疗的退行性腰椎疾病患者21例(28个节段),其中腰椎间盘突出合并节段性不稳定7例,腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄6例,退变性腰椎不稳8例。对21例(28个节段)退行性腰椎疾病患者行后路自体颗粒骨打压植骨联合椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗。根据植骨前后X射线片评价植骨融合率,采用腰腿痛VAS目测评分法、ODI评分法及标准Macnab疗效评价临床症状改善情况。 结果与结论: 全部患者随访12个月以上,3~5个月后可见骨融合征象,无高度及复位丢失、螺钉断裂等现象,患者腰腿痛等症状均有不同程度缓解。末次随访VAS目测类比评分、ODI评分均较术前明显改善(P < 0.01),脊柱融合率为95%。1例患者术后6 d CT检查示椎管内小骨粒压迫神经;1例术后第5天出院后伤口浅表软组织感染。采用Macnab标准评价临床结果：优10例,良9例,差2例,优良率91%。说明后路自体颗粒骨打压移植联合椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗退行性腰椎疾患短期临床效果良好,植骨融合率高,手术并发症少。 关键词: 自体颗粒骨; 打压植骨; 椎体间融合;椎弓根螺钉;内固定;硬组织植入物     

钛网置入与全脊椎切除在重建严重脊柱畸形椎体中的应用

背景：不论是传统的单纯前路凹侧支撑、前路松解联合后路矫形,还是近年来较多学者提倡的经后路脊柱闭合楔形截骨等方法,均不能有效治疗临床严重僵硬脊柱侧后凸畸形。 目的：总结经后路全脊椎切除应用于严重角状侧凸或/和后凸畸形的临床经验,观察该方案以及钛网置入对患者脊髓功能的影响。 方法：回顾性分析2004-10/2008-12采用全脊椎切除治疗的脊柱畸形病例中,畸形呈角状的侧凸或/和后凸,主弯角度在冠状面或/和矢状面上测量>100º,且畸形的柔韧度小于10%的15例患者。脊髓功能2例Frankel 评分为D,余均为E级。采用肋骨横突切除入路显露,结扎顶椎区节段血管,置入椎弓根钉,完成全脊椎切除后采用交替换棒技术,并置入钛网,以此获得矫形。治疗过程中未使用感觉或运动诱发电位监测。治疗后随访普通X射线片Cobb角矫正与神经功能变化。 结果与结论：平均术中切断(3.8±1.4)支节段血管。治疗后测量侧凸及后凸畸形矫形率分别为60.8%和72.9%。随访6~48个月,至随访终末所有病例Frankel 评分E级,部分患者治疗前存在的肌张力增高及肛门括约肌松弛等均恢复正常,内固定物无脱落、松动等。提示严重且僵硬的角状脊柱畸形患者,采用经后路全脊椎切除加椎弓根钉棒系统内固定可获得良好矫形效果。在稳定的力学环境和直视保护下,脊髓可耐受一定范围的短缩、成角和旋转位移。通过对脊髓的环周减压,保持脊髓等张或短缩状态的矫形,利于病态脊髓的功能恢复。     

A multicenter retrospective research of anterior debridement,decompression, bone grafting,and instrumentation for cervical tuberculosis

ABSTRACT

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of anterior debridement, decompression, bone grafting, and instrumentation for cervical spinal tuberculosis in four hospitals.

Materials and Methods: This research retrospectively analyzed 146 patients with cervical spinal tuberculosis who were treated by anterior debridement, decompression, bone grafting, and instrumentation in four institutions between January 2000 and January 2015. There were 68 males and 78 females with an average age of 31.32 ± 11.69 years. All patients received chemotherapy for 18 months after surgery, and fixed by brace for 3 months. Clinical outcome, laboratory indexes and radiological results were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of anterior approach surgery in the treatment of cervical spinal tuberculosis.

Results: All cases were followed up about 18 to 52 months later (average 24 months). At the last follow-up, all patients obtained bone fusion, pain relief and neurological recovery. There was no recurrence in any of the patients, and no complications related to internal fixation. There were statistically significant differences before and after treatment in terms of Visual analog scale (VAS), Neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA)(P < 0.05). During the last follow-up examination, in 83 patients with neurological deficit, 78 patients improved. The kyphosis was significantly improved postoperatively (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the Cobb angle had some degree of correction loss, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that one-stage anterior debridement, decompression, bone grafting, and instrumentation are safe and effective methods in the surgical management of cervical spinal tuberculosis.

Abbreviation: VAS: Visual Analog Scale; JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association; NDI: Neck Disability Index; ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; ASIA: American Spinal Injury Association; TB: Tuberculosis