罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于产妇自控硬膜外分娩镇痛的可行性

目的评价罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于产妇自控硬膜外镇痛的可行性.方法ASA I～Ⅱ级初产妇足月单胎90例随机分为3组.30例为对照组,60例分为2组镇痛组A组(PCEA-LP)0.2%罗哌卡因复合芬太尼2μg/ml负荷量10ml,当VAS≥20mm时,自控给药4ml/次,锁定时间为15min.B组(PCEA-LCP)相同药物负荷量10ml,半小时后背景量4ml/h,当VAS≥20mm给药4ml/次,锁定时间为15min,直到宫口开全停药.连续监测呼吸循环状况,评估镇痛效应和运动阻滞的程度,观察记录产程进展,采集静脉血测血浆儿茶酚胺浓度,观察不良反应及新生儿情况.结果新生儿评分,脐带静脉血血气分析,活跃期及第Ⅱ产程时间3组无显著差异.A、B两组间VAS疼痛评分,感觉阻滞,运动阻滞程度,NE,E浓度和剖宫产率无差别.对照组剖宫产率显著高于镇痛组(P＜0.01),第一产程末NE、E浓度显著高于镇痛组(P＜0.01).A组用药量、瘙痒发生率低及胎头吸引率均低于B组(P＜0.01).结论0.2%罗哌卡因复合芬太尼2μg/ml硬膜外自控镇痛安全有效,降低了剖宫产率,在相同的分娩镇痛水平PCEA-LP模式比PCEA-LCP模式用药更少,副作用发生率低.     

不同浓度芬太尼对硬膜外罗哌卡因分娩镇痛效应的影响

目的 观察不同浓度芬太尼对硬膜外罗哌卡因分娩镇痛效应的影响。方法 本研究为多中心、随机、双盲对照研究，选择要求分娩镇痛的初产妇128例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，随机分为4组，FD组（n=33）：单纯罗哌卡因组；F1组（n=30）：罗哌卡因混合1μg/ml芬太尼组；F2组（n=33）：罗哌卡因混合2μg/ml芬太尼组；F3组（n=32）：罗哌卡因混合3μg/ml芬太尼组。所有产妇于L2．3硬膜外穿刺头向置管，注入15ml药液。各组初始罗哌卡因浓度为0．12％，其后每例产妇所用浓度按双盲、序贯法进行调整。以VAS评价产妇注药30min内镇痛效果，计算硬膜外罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的半数有效浓度（EC50），记录注药后30min产妇收缩压、心率及胎儿心率、运动阻滞程度及不良反应发生情况。结果 共有124例完成试验观察。各组硬膜外罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的EC50及其95％可信区间（95％CI）为：F0组：0．110％及0．1090％-0．1116％；F1组：0．089％及0．0877％-0．0911％；F2组：0．073％及0．0717％～0．0744％；F3组：0．060％及0．0560％～0．0634％，F1、F2、F3组EC50低于F0组（P〈0．01）。硬膜外注药后30min内，产妇心率、血压、胎儿心率均在正常范围，各组运动阻滞程度比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；与F0组比较，乃组皮肤瘙痒发生率升高（P〈0．05）。结论 硬膜外混合低浓度芬太尼（1-3μg/ml）能增强0．12％罗哌卡因分娩镇痛效果，推荐芬太尼的安全浓度范围为1～2μg/ml。     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于可行走硬膜外分娩镇痛的可行性

目的 探讨0．075％罗哌卡因或布比卡因与芬太尼2μg/ml的混合液用于可行走硬膜外分娩镇痛的可行性。方法 60例初产妇随机分为三组：A组（n＝20）0．075％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼2μg/ml;B组（n＝20）0．075％布比卡因＋芬太尼2μg/ml;C级（n＝20）为对照组。采用双盲法进行视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）和行走功能的评定。记录各组产妇的生命体征、胎心率（FHR）、产程时间、分娩方式、催产素用量以及新生儿Apgar评分和脐静脉血气分析,并测定用药前和宫口开全时母体血清皮质醇浓度。结果 A、B两组产妇均获得良好镇痛效果,镇痛后A组所有产妇均能下床行走和自主排尿,而B组仅70％产妇能下床行走和自主排尿,两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）;A、B两组第一产程末血清皮质醇浓度明显低于C组（P＜0．05）。产程时间、分娩方式和新生儿Apgar评分各组间均无差异（P＞0．05）。结论 0．075％罗哌卡因和芬太尼2μg/ml的混合液有效安全地用于可行走硬膜外分娩镇痛。     

A multicenter,randomized, controlled trial comparing bupivacaine with ropivacaine for labor analgesia

BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis of studies comparing high doses of bupivacaine with ropivacaine for labor pain found a higher incidence of forceps deliveries, motor block, and poorer neonatal outcome with bupivacaine. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in these outcomes when a low concentration of patient-controlled epidural bupivacaine combined with fentanyl is compared with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, including term, nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor. For the initiation of analgesia, patients were randomized to receive either 15 ml bupivacaine, 0.1%, or 15 ml ropivacaine, 0.1%, each with 5 microg/ml fentanyl. Analgesia was maintained with patient-controlled analgesia with either local anesthetic, 0.08%, with 2 microg/ml fentanyl. The primary outcome was the incidence of operative delivery. We also examined other obstetric, neonatal, and analgesic outcomes. RESULTS: There was no difference in the incidence of operative delivery between the two groups (148 of 276 bupivacaine recipients vs. 135 of 279 ropivacaine recipients; P = 0.25) or any obstetric or neonatal outcome. The incidence of motor block was significantly increased in the bupivacaine group compared with the ropivacaine group at 6 h (47 of 93 vs. 29 of 93, respectively; P = 0.006) and 10 h (29 of 47 vs. 16 of 41, respectively; P = 0.03) after injection. Satisfaction with mobility was higher with ropivacaine than with bupivacaine (mean +/- SD: 76 +/- 23 vs. 72 +/- 23, respectively; P = 0.013). Satisfaction for analgesia at delivery was higher for bupivacaine than for ropivacaine (mean +/- SD: 71 +/- 25 vs. 66 +/- 26, respectively; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the incidence of operative delivery or neonatal outcome among nulliparous patients who received low concentrations of bupivacaine or ropivacaine for labor analgesia.     

罗哌卡因-芬太尼用于硬膜外和腰-硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛效果及安全性

目的比较罗哌卡因-芬太尼用于硬膜外阻滞(CEA)和腰-硬联合阻滞(CSEA)行分娩镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法自愿接受分娩镇痛足月、单胎、头位初产妇40例,宫口扩张3～5cm时随机分为CEA组和CSEA组;无分娩镇痛的产妇为对照组(C组)。CEA组以0.1%罗哌卡因+芬太尼(2μg/ml)5ml为试验剂量,随后注入上述药物10ml。CSEA组蛛网膜下腔给予罗哌卡因2mg+芬太尼10μg。两组采用0.1%罗哌卡因+芬太尼2μg/ml硬膜外PCA。记录镇痛评分、下肢肌力、产程、分娩方式、药物用量、产妇满意度和新生儿1、5minApgar评分、脐带血罗哌卡因浓度。结果镇痛后5～30min,CSEA组VAS显著低于CEA组(P0.05);CSEA组罗哌卡因及芬太尼用量较CEA组明显减少(P0.05);两组脐带血罗哌卡因浓度差异无统计学意义。CSEA组和CEA组第一产程短于C组(P0.05)。与C组比较,CSEA组和CEA组自然分娩率较高,催产素使用率较高(P0.05)。与CEA组比较,CSEA组镇痛起效时间较短、催产素使用率较低,自然分娩率和产妇满意度更高(P0.05)。结论罗哌卡因-芬太尼用于CSEA和CEA均能提供满意且安全的分娩镇痛。CSEA因起效快、药物用量少、产妇满意度高而更适合分娩镇痛。     

产妇分娩时舒芬太尼或芬太尼混合罗哌卡因病人自控硬膜外镇痛的效应

目的比较产妇分娩时舒芬太尼或芬太尼混合罗哌卡因病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的效应。方法无产科及硬膜外阻滞禁忌证的阴道分娩单胎初产妇120例,随机分为2组(n：60)：舒芬太尼混合罗哌卡因PCEA组(S组)和芬太尼混合罗哌卡因PCEA组(F组)。当产妇宫口开至3cm时,L_(2,3)间隙硬膜外穿刺置管,S组硬膜外注射0．15%罗哌卡因和0．5μg/ml舒芬太尼混合液试验剂量5 ml,随后追加上述混合液10 ml,30min后以0．1%哌卡因和0．5μg/ml舒芬太尼的混合液行PCEA；F组混合液中以2μg/ml芬太尼替代0．5μg/ml舒芬太尼,其他用药情况均与S组同。两组PCA剂量为6 ml,锁定时间为15 min。记录产妇视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、下肢运动神经阻滞程度、生命体征、产程、分娩方式、不良反应及新生儿Apgar评分。结果两组镇痛期间VAS评分均降低,S组镇痛20～60 min VAS评分均低于F组。两组镇痛起效时间、达最高镇痛平面的时间、最高绝对平面、PCA实际按压次数、有效按压次数差异均无统计学意义。S组皮肤瘙痒的发生率高于F组,舒芬太尼、芬太尼用量分别为16±8、(70±28)μg,比率为1：4．4。两组产程和分娩方式构成比差异无统计学意义。结论产妇分娩时等效剂量的舒芬太尼或芬太尼混合罗哌卡因PCEA均可提供良好的镇痛效果。     

The effect of bupivacaine with fentanyl temperature on initiation and maintenance of labor epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled study

BackgroundLabor epidural analgesia is highly effective, but can be limited by slow onset and incomplete blockade. The administration of warmed, compared to room temperature, bupivacaine has resulted in more rapid onset epidural anesthesia. We hypothesized that the administration of bupivacaine with fentanyl at 37°C versus 20°C would result in improved initial and ongoing labor epidural analgesia.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, doubled blinded study, 54 nulliparous, laboring women were randomized to receive epidural bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 μg/mL (20 mL initial and 6 mL hourly boluses) at either 37°C or 20°C. Pain verbal rating scores (VRS), sensory level, oral temperature, and side effects were assessed after epidural loading (time 0), at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 min, and at hourly intervals. The primary outcome was the time to achieve initial satisfactory analgesia (VRS ⩽3). Secondary outcomes included ongoing quality of sensory blockade, body temperature and shivering.ResultsThere were no differences between groups in patient demographics, initial pain scores, cervical dilatation, body temperature or mode of delivery. Epidural bupivacaine at 37°C resulted in shorter mean (±SD) analgesic onset time (9.2 ± 4.7 vs. 16.0 ± 10.5 min, P = 0.005) and improved analgesia for the first 15 min after initial bolus (P = 0.001–0.03). Although patient temperature increased during the study (P < 0.01), there were no differences between the groups (P = 0.09). Six (24%) and 10 (40%) patients experienced shivering in the 37°C and 20°C groups, respectively (P = 0.23).ConclusionsThe administration of epidural 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 μg/mL at 37°C versus 20°C resulted in more rapid onset and improved labor analgesia for the first 15 min. There was no evidence of improved ongoing labor analgesia or differences in side effects between groups.     

Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes with epidural bupivacaine plus fentanyl and ropivacaine plus fentanyl for labor analgesia

BACKGROUND: Several studies have been performed to find a safe method of labor analgesia with minimal side effects and toxicity in mother and fetus. We aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of epidural bupivacaine plus fentanyl and ropivacaine plus fentanyl at low concentrations. METHOD: Forty ASA I-II parturients' were included in this prospective, double-blind, trial and randomized to receive either bupivacaine or ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Analgesia was initiated with 8 mL of 0.125% solution plus fentanyl 50 microg and maintained with a continuous infusion of 0.0625% solution with fentanyl 2 microg/mL. RESULTS: There were no differences in pain scores, total dose of local anesthetics used, sensory or motor blockade, labor duration, mode of delivery, side effects, patient satisfaction, or neonatal outcome between the two local anesthetics at these dosages, but at the end of the second stage and delivery, adequate analgesia quality could not be ensured. CONCLUSION: We found no major advantage of continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.0625% plus fentanyl 2 microg/mL over bupivacaine 0.0625% plus fentanyl 2 microg/mL for labor analgesia. We believe that different methods or dosages may be tried in order to improve comfort at the second stage of labor and the delivery.     

A comparison of 0.0625% bupivacaine with fentanyl and 0.1% ropivacaine with fentanyl for continuous epidural labor analgesia

We compared the analgesic efficacy and the degree of motor block achieved with epidural infusion of 0.0625% bupivacaine (Group B) versus 0.1% ropivacaine (Group R), both with 0.0002% fentanyl (2 microg/mL) in laboring patients. A prospective, double-blinded study was performed in 98 ASA physical status I-II parturients who were divided randomly into two groups to receive either bupivacaine or ropivacaine after catheter location had been tested with an initial bolus of lidocaine and fentanyl. The infusion rate was 15 mL/h in every case. When pain was perceived, 5-mL boluses of the assigned epidural analgesic were administered every 10 min until analgesia was achieved. We recorded pain intensity, level of sensory block, degree of motor block, hemodynamic variables, secondary effects, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome, and patient satisfaction. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the factors analyzed. Highly effective analgesia was achieved in both groups with a small incidence of motor block. These findings suggest that bupivacaine may be more potent than ropivacaine. IMPLICATIONS: We compared different concentrations of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine thought to be equipotent. Both solutions were equally efficient in providing highly effective epidural analgesia for labor with minimal motor block. These findings suggest that bupivacaine may be more potent than ropivacaine.     

A comparison of epidural analgesia with 0.125% ropivacaine with fentanyl versus 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl during labor

We previously found that the extent of an epidural motor block produced by 0.125% ropivacaine was clinically indistinguishable from 0.125% bupivacaine in laboring patients. By adding fentanyl to the 0. 125% ropivacaine and bupivacaine solutions in an attempt to reduce hourly local anesthetic requirements, we hypothesized that differences in motor block produced by the two drugs may become apparent. Fifty laboring women were randomized to receive either 0. 125% ropivacaine with fentanyl 2 microg/mL or an equivalent concentration of bupivacaine/fentanyl using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with settings of: 6-mL/hr basal rate, 5-mL bolus, 10-min lockout, 30-mL/h dose limit. Analgesia, local anesthetic use, motor block, patient satisfaction, and side effects were assessed until the time of delivery. No differences in verbal pain scores, local anesthetic use, patient satisfaction, or side effects between groups were observed; however, patients administered ropivacaine/fentanyl developed significantly less motor block than patients administered bupivacaine/fentanyl. Ropivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 microg/mL produces similar labor analgesia with significantly less motor block than an equivalent concentration of bupivacaine/fentanyl. Whether this statistical reduction in motor block improves clinical outcome or is applicable to anesthesia practices which do not use the PCEA technique remains to be determined. Implications: By using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia technique, ropivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 microg/mL produces similar analgesia with significantly less motor block than a similar concentration of bupivacaine with fentanyl during labor. Whether this statistical reduction in motor block improves clinical outcome or is applicable to anesthesia practices which do not use the patient-controlled epidural analgesia technique remains to be determined.     

Ambulatory labor epidural analgesia: bupivacaine versus ropivacaine

Dilute concentrations of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl have recently been used to initiate labor epidural analgesia in an attempt to balance adequate analgesia and minimal maternal motor blockade. Similar concentrations of ropivacaine have not been evaluated. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was designed to compare the efficacy of 20 mL of either 0.08% bupivacaine plus 2 microg/mL fentanyl or 0.08% ropivacaine plus 2 microg/mL fentanyl to initiate ambulatory labor epidural analgesia. Forty nulliparous women in early ( 0 but < 20 at 20 min. The time (mean +/- SD) to visual analog scale score = 0 was BF (n = 18): 12.0 +/- 4.5 min and RF (n = 19): 12.4 +/- 4.0 min (P > 0.05). Spontaneous micturition was observed in 65% (13 of 20) BF compared with 100% (20 of 20) RF (P < 0.01), and ambulation was demonstrated in 75% (15 of 20) BF compared with 100% (20 of 20) RF (P < 0.03). The incidence of forceps delivery was 35% (7 of 20) BF compared with 10% (2 of 20) RF (P < 0.04). The results of this study indicate that dilute ropivacaine combined with fentanyl effectively initiates epidural analgesia while concurrently preserving maternal ability to void and ambulate. Implications: As compared with a similar dilute concentration of bupivacaine, 20 mL of dilute (0.08%) ropivacaine combined with fentanyl (2 microg/mL) effectively initiates epidural analgesia in nulliparous women in early, established labor while preserving their ability to micturate and ambulate. Of importance, it appears that a true ambulatory epidural analgesic for women in labor is now possible.     

不同浓度罗比卡因伍用芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的　采用不同浓度的罗比卡因伍用小剂量芬太尼作硬膜外分娩镇痛 ,探讨较适宜的药物浓度 (RP)。方法　选择足月、单胎头位初产妇 12 0例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分成四组 ,每组 30例。所用药物 :A组 0 0 75 %罗比卡因 ;B组 0 12 5 %罗比卡因 ;C组 0 2 %罗比卡因 ,每组均加 2 μg/ml芬太尼 ;D组为对照组 ,未行分娩镇痛 ,于产程进展宫口开 3cm时 ,行硬膜外腔穿刺置管 ,首次剂量 8～ 12ml;30min后 ,连接PCA泵 ,维持量为 5～ 12ml/h持续硬膜外腔输注至宫口开全停药 ,PCA剂量 4ml,锁定时间 2 0min。用视觉模拟评分 (VAS)和改良Bromage评分评估镇痛、运动神经阻滞情况 ,观察记录各组产妇的生命体征、产程时间、分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分。 结果A、B、C与D组相比 ,产妇用药后VAS评分均明显降低 ,且A、B、C组第一产程均较对照组明显缩短 (P <0 0 1)。但A组的镇痛效果欠佳 ,VAS评分高于B、C组 (P <0 0 1)。C组的难产率较高 ,与对照组相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。B组镇痛效果最满意。宫口扩张速度和胎头下降速度较快 ,分娩中产妇的BP、HR、RR平稳 ,对产程和分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分均无明显影响 ,联合用药可减少局麻药用量。结论　 0 12 5 %罗比卡因伍以芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛对产程影响小 ,镇痛效果确     

不同浓度的罗比卡因用于可行走式分娩镇痛

目的　比较不同浓度的罗比卡因用于分娩镇痛的效果。方法　 90例初产妇随机分成三组行分娩镇痛 ,Ⅰ组为 0 0 75 %罗比卡因加 1μg/ml芬太尼 ,Ⅱ组为 0 1%罗比卡因加 1μg/ml芬太尼 ,Ⅲ组为 0 12 5 %罗比卡因加 1μg/ml芬太尼。观察指标有首剂量、起效时间、PCA次数、VAS评分、运动神经阻滞评分、第一、二产程时间、分娩方式等指标 ,全程监测孕妇血压、心率、宫缩以及胎儿胎心。结果　Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组相比较 ,下肢运动神经阻滞程度无显著差异 ,但孕妇镇痛良好率明显高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 1) ,满意率也明显高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,产程时间和分娩方式没有显著差异 ;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比较 ,镇痛效果、产程时间、分娩方式均无显著差异 ;但Ⅲ组发生轻度运动神经阻滞的比例明显高于Ⅱ组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 0 1%罗比卡因加 1μg/ml芬太尼不仅具有良好的镇痛效果 ,而且对运动神经影响轻微 ,是可行走式分娩镇痛较为理想的用药方案。     

A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing patient-controlled epidural with intravenous analgesia for pain relief in labor

In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, we sought to determine whether patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for labor affected the incidence of cesarean delivery when compared with patient-controlled IV opioid analgesia (PCIA). Healthy, term nulliparous patients in 4 Canadian institutions were randomly assigned to receive PCIA with fentanyl (n = 118) or PCEA with 0.08% bupivacaine and fentanyl 1.6 microg/mL (n = 124). There was no difference in the incidence of cesarean delivery-10.2% (12 of 118) versus 9.7% (12 of 124)-or instrumental vaginal delivery-21.2% (25 of 118) versus 29% (36 of 124)-between groups. The duration of the second stage of labor was increased in the PCEA group by a median of 23 min (P = 0.02). Fifty-one patients (43%) in the PCIA group received epidural analgesia: 39 (33%) because of inadequate pain relief and 12 (10%) to facilitate operative delivery. Patients in the PCIA group required more antiemetic therapy (17% versus 6.4%; P = 0.01) and had more sedation (39% versus 5%; P < 0.001). Maternal mean pain and satisfaction with analgesia scores were better in the PCEA group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). More neonates in the PCIA group required active resuscitation (52% versus 31%; P = 0.001) and naloxone (17% versus 3%; P < 0.001). These observations support the hypothesis that PCEA does not result in an increased incidence of obstetrical intervention compared with PCIA. PCEA provides superior analgesia and less maternal and neonatal sedation compared with PCIA.     

Onset of labour epidural analgesia with low‐dose bupivacaine and different doses of fentanyl

This study investigated the effects of different doses of epidural fentanyl on the time to onset of epidural analgesia in women in early labour. We hypothesised that onset of epidural labour analgesia (the primary outcome defined as time in minutes from completion of epidural bolus to the first uterine contraction with a numeric pain rating scale [NPRS] score ≤ 3) would be faster with 100 μg of fentanyl epidural bolus compared with 20 μg or 50 μg. Epidural labour analgesia was initiated with 20 μg of fentanyl (F20 group), 50 μg (F50 group) or 100 μg (F100 group) along with 10 ml bupivacaine 0.08% as the loading dose. We randomly allocated 105 patients, with 35 patients in each group. Median (IQR [range]) time to achieve NPRS ≤ 3 was 18 (11–30 [6–20]) min in F20, 10 (8–19 [4–30]) min in F50 and 10 (6–16 [3–30]) min in F100 groups. There was a significant difference in onset times comparing F100 with F20 (p < 0.001) and F50 with F20 (p = 0.007), but not significantly different comparing F100 with F50 (p = 0.19). The median (IQR [range]) time from the epidural loading dose to first patient controlled epidural analgesia bolus was 61 min (20–165 [20–420]) in F20, 118 min (66–176 [20–396]) in F50 and 150 min (66–214 [30‐764]) in F100 groups. This was not statistically significant (p = 0.16) comparing the F20 with the F100 group. There were no significant differences in maternal side‐effects, mode of delivery, patient satisfaction scores or neonatal Apgar scores between all groups. We conclude that the 50 μg and 100 μg fentanyl doses were associated with reduced onset times to effective analgesia compared with the 20 μg dose.     

The incidence of breakthrough pain associated with programmed intermittent bolus volumes for labor epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIn this randomized, blinded study, we evaluated the effects of different programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) volumes for labor analgesia on the incidence of breakthrough pain and other analgesic outcomes.MethodsNulliparous women with term cephalic singleton pregnancies who requested labor analgesia had epidural analgesia initiated with 10 mL 0.1% ropivacaine with sufentanil 0.3 μg/mL. The pump was programmed to deliver a 4, 6 or 8 mL bolus every 45 min (groups 4, 6 or 8, respectively). The primary outcome was the incidence of breakthrough pain, defined as inadequate analgesia after two patient-controlled epidural analgesia administrations in a 20-min period. Secondary outcomes included ropivacaine consumption, time of the first patient-controlled epidural analgesia request, duration of the second stage of labor, and incidence of motor block.ResultsAmong 210 women randomly allocated the incidence of breakthrough pain was 34.9%, 19.7%, and 13.1%, for groups 4, 6 and 8, respectively (P=0.011). The incidence of breakthrough pain in group 8 was lower than in group 4 (P=0.006). The median (interquartile range) hourly ropivacaine consumption was 8.2 mg/h (7.1–11.3), 10.4 mg/h (9.2–13.0), and 12.0 mg/h (11.2–13.8) in groups 4, 6 and 8, respectively (P <0.001). Group 8 had a longer duration of effective analgesia and longer second stage of labor than group 4. There was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of motor block.ConclusionThe larger PIEB volumes were preferred for epidural labor analgesia compared with a smaller volume because of improved analgesia without clinically significant increases in adverse effects.     

自然分娩时不同浓度罗比卡因的硬膜外镇痛效应

目的观察不同浓度的罗比卡因与固定浓度的芬太尼配伍行硬膜外自控分娩镇痛的临床效果。方法随机选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、头位、单胎足月妊娠要求分娩镇痛的初产妇，按双盲原则分为四组，分别接受浓度为0.1％(A组)、0.15％(B组)、0.2％(c组)、0.25％(D组)的罗比卡因与2μg／ml芬太尼的镇痛混合液。男设20例正常分娩的产妇作对照(E组)。镇痛组的产妇进入活跃期、宫口开至2～3cm时进行硬膜外穿刺(L3-4)向头端置管，注入镇痛混合液8ml作为首量，连接镇痛泵，采用自控镇痛模式，单剂2ml／次，锁定时间为5min，至宫口开全时停用镇痛药。对照组按产科常规处理。观察产妇的生命体征、疼痛程度、运动能力、感觉变化、宫缩情况、产程及分娩情况，以及产妇满意度等。结果不同浓度的镇痛药其镇痛效果无显著性差异。A组用药总量最多，C和D组产妇的感觉和运动有明显影响，D组出现产程延长，器械助产率增高。产妇对A组和B组的满意率最高。结论0.15％罗比卡因与2μg／ml芬太尼混合液用于硬膜外分娩镇痛效果良好，药量适中，基本无运动及感觉阻滞，对产程及新生儿无明显影响，产妇满意度高，是较为适合用于分娩镇痛的浓度。