子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病临床观察

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的临床效果。方法 选择15例子宫腺肌病患者，采用Seldinger技术行双侧子宫动脉插管，造影确诊后注入携带有抗生素的聚乙烯醇(PVA)栓塞颗粒进行栓塞，术后l、3、6、12个月观察其疗效。结果 子宫动脉栓塞治疗后，月经恢复正常，贫血症状改善；子宫、病灶体积缩小显著；14例患者术后3个月内痛经消失，1例明显缓解；彩超示病灶内血流信号明显减少。结论 子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病是一种微创、疗效显著的治疗方法。     

Uterine artery embolization: an effective treatment for intractable obstetric haemorrhage

AIM: To present the findings of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the management of obstetric haemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to February 2003, 10 women with postpartum haemorrhage (n=7) and post-abortion haemorrhage with placenta accreta (n=3), were referred to our department for pelvic angiography and possible arterial embolization. RESULTS: Angiography revealed engorged and tortuous uterine arteries in all patients; and contrast medium extravasation in three patients. Eight patients (three with and five without detectable active bleeding) then underwent bilateral UAE. Medium-sized (250-355 microm) polyvinyl alcohol particles were injected via a coaxial catheter into the uterine arteries, followed by gelatin sponge pieces via a 4F Cobra catheter. Microcoil devascularization was also performed in the two patients with visible, active bleeding. The vaginal bleeding resolved in all patients, without any ischaemic complications. At follow-up, all patients who underwent UAE had normal menstruation; three of them subsequently gave birth to full-term healthy babies. CONCLUSION: Selective UAE by the coaxial method is safe and effective to control obstetric haemorrhage, with the potential to preserve fertility.     

Uterine restoration after repeated sloughing of fibroids or vaginal expulsion following uterine artery embolization

The aim of our study is to present our experience with uterine restoration after repeated sloughing of uterine fibroids or transvaginal expulsion following uterine artery embolization (UAE) and to determine its safety and outcome. One hundred and twenty-four women (mean age, 40.3 years; age range, 29–52 years) with symptomatic uterine fibroids were included in this retrospective study. We performed arterial embolization with poly(vinyl alcohol) particles (250–710 m). Clinical symptoms and follow-up information for each patient were obtained through medical records. At an average of 3.5 months (range, 1–8 months) after embolization, magnetic resonance imaging examinations with T1- and T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images were obtained for all patients. The mean follow-up duration was 120 days (90–240 days). Eight (6.5%) patients experienced uterine restoration after repeated sloughing of uterine fibroids or spontaneous transvaginal expulsion. The locations of the leiomyomas were submucosal (n=5), intramural (n=2) and transmural (n=1). The maximum diameter of the fibroids ranged from 3.5 to 18.0 cm, with a mean of 8.4 cm. The time interval from embolization to the uterine restoration was 7–150 days (mean 70.5 days). The clinical symptoms before and during vaginal sloughing or expulsion were lower abdominal pain (n=4), vaginal discharges (n=3), infection of necrotic myomas (n=2) and cramping abdominal pain (n=1). Gentle abdominal compression (n=1) and hysteroscopic assistance (n=1) were required to remove the whole fibroid. No other clinical sequelae, either early or delayed, were documented. Magnetic resonance images revealed the disappearance of leiomyomas, intracavitary rupture resulting in transformation of intramural or transmural myomas into submucosal myomas and localized uterine wall defects. Although the small size of this study precludes a strict conclusion, there appear to be few serious complications directly related to vaginal expulsion. Vaginal expulsion or fibroid sloughing is a possible course following UAE that is manageable, and the patients should be informed about this possibility.     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效评价

目的：探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法自2010年1月-2013年8月,我科共对19例子宫肌瘤患者进行了子宫动脉栓塞术,年龄35-52岁,平均年龄42岁。症状包括经期延长、月经量增多、尿频等。采用改良Seldinger技术穿刺股动脉后,分别行两侧子宫动脉栓塞。术后随访6个月,观察治疗效果及并发症。结果19例患者均成功行双侧子宫动脉栓塞,技术成功率100％,所有患者临床症状均得到改善,其中2例因子宫肌瘤导致不孕的患者,术后怀孕。术后大多数患者出现下腹痛、发热、阴道不规则流血等症状,无子宫坏死、子宫积脓等严重并发症发生。结论介入治疗对子宫肌瘤患者是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Uterine arterial embolization for the treatment of diffuse leiomyomatosis

Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus is an extremely rare condition and presents as a diffuse involvement of the myometrium by numerous leiomyomata. Despite patients being in only the third or fourth decades of life, all previously reported patients with this condition have undergone hysterectomy because myomectomy is impossible for this condition. Uterine arterial embolization (UAE) successfully reduced the uterine volume of diffuse leiomyomatosis without major complications in the case presented herein, and the symptoms improved remarkably. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after intravenous injection of gadolinium demonstrated global infarction of the vast majority of nodules.     

介入后活血化瘀法治疗子宫肌瘤临床研究

目的研究活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤30例，并与对照组30例进行比较，观察两组患者栓塞术后毒性反应、月经改变、子宫和子宫肌瘤体积的变化。结果与对照组比较，治疗组腹痛、发热、胃肠道反应、肢体乏力等症状消失改善早，阴道流血持续时间缩短（P〈0．05）；月经过多、经期延长改善早，经期出血量较对照组减少（P〈0．05），子宫及肌瘤缩小改善早，肌瘤较对照组缩小（P〈0．05）。结论活血化瘀剂能有效缓解子宫动脉栓塞术后毒性反应，促进子宫肌瘤体积进一步缩小，其作用机制和远期疗效有待进一步研究。     

Conservative two-step procedure including uterine artery embolization with embosphere and surgical myomectomy for the treatment of multiple fibroids: preliminary experience

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of combined uterine artery embolization (UAE) using embosphere and surgical myomectomy as an alternative to radical hysterectomy in premenopausal women with multiple fibroids.

Materials and methods

Mid-term clinical outcome (mean, 25 months) of 12 premenopausal women (mean age, 38 years) with multiple and large symptomatic fibroids who desired to retain their uterus and who were treated using combined UAE and surgical myomectomy were retrospectively analyzed. In all women, UAE alone was contraindicated because of large (>10 cm) or subserosal or submucosal fibroids and myomectomy alone was contraindicated because of too many (>10) fibroids.

Results

UAE and surgical myomectomy were successfully performed in all women. Myomectomy was performed using laparoscopy (n = 6), open laparotomy (n = 3), hysteroscopy (n = 2), or laparoscopy and hysteroscopy (n = 1). Mean serum hemoglobin level drop was 0.97 g/dL and no blood transfusion was needed. No immediate complications were observed and all women reported resumption of normal menses. During a mean follow-up period of 25 months (range, 14–37 months), complete resolution of initial symptoms along with decrease in uterine volume (mean, 48%) was observed in all women. No further hysterectomy was required in any woman.

Conclusion

In premenopausal women with multiple fibroids, the two-step procedure is safe and effective alternative to radical hysterectomy, which allows preserving the uterus. Further prospective studies, however, should be done to determine the actual benefit of this combined approach on the incidence of subsequent pregnancies.     

子宫动脉栓塞对子宫腺肌病的治疗效果

目的评价子宫动脉栓塞术对子宫腺肌病的疗效。方法对30例经超声和磁共振成像证实的子宫腺肌病患者行子宫动脉栓塞治疗,栓塞后随访评价临床症状改善情况。结果30例患者行子宫动脉栓塞治疗后28例痛经完全缓解,2例明显缓解。术后29例患者月经量较术前明显减少,月经周期无明显改变,未出现严重并发症。结论子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病疗效显著,可作为该病的常规治疗方法之一。     

子宫动静脉畸形介入栓塞治疗19例临床研究

目的探讨子宫动静脉畸形采用子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗的临床效果。 方法选取2014年4月至2019年12月在我院就诊并接受治疗的19例子宫动静脉畸形患者作为研究对象,均给予子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）治疗,评价治疗效果和患者预后。 结果19例患者中有15例患者均一次性UAE治疗止血成功,术后患者主诉右下腹轻度疼痛不适,术后2～5 d症状消失,剩余4例治疗后阴道仍有出血,其中2例患者转手术治疗,另2例给予保守治疗后好转。19例患者术后均未发生严重并发症。 结论子宫动静脉畸形虽然在临床较为少见,但很容易引起严重后果,UAE治疗子宫动静脉畸形是一种微创、高效且可重复的治疗方式,对无手术禁忌症者可作为首选的治疗方式。     

髂内动脉栓塞和子宫动脉栓塞疗效及不良反应对比分析

目的：比较髂内动脉栓塞和子宫动脉栓塞对产后出血和子宫全切术后残端出血的疗效和术后不良反应。方法：子宫全切术后阴道残端出血12例,产后出血16例,进行双侧髂内动脉主干栓塞或双侧子宫动脉栓塞。术后观察止血效果和不良反应。结果：14例行髂内动脉栓塞,14例行子宫动脉栓塞,两组的止血有效率均为100%。髂内动脉栓塞组术后下腹及臀部疼痛12例（需镇痛治疗的6例）,发热9例,恶心、呕吐2例。子宫动脉栓塞组,术后下腹疼痛9例（3例需镇痛治疗）,发热8例,恶心、呕吐3例。所有不良反应均在术后1周缓解。两组间不良反应发生率,经检验差异意义无统计学。结论：双侧髂内动脉栓塞和子宫动脉栓塞都是治疗妇产科大出血的有效手段,且无严重术后不良反应。     

Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis: Immediate and long-term results

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results in 63 patients who underwent transarterial embolization for control of hemoptysis. Overall immediate success rate was 86.1%. At long-term follow-up 50% of patients showed complete remission, 22% partial remission, and 28% recurrent hemoptysis. Hemoptysis remained controlled for a mean of 22 months and a median of 14 months. The long-term results among four disease groups differed substantially. Patients with bronchiectasis showed the best results, followed by those with idiopathic disease and with inflammation; patients with neoplasm showed the worst results.     

子宫肌瘤栓塞术的护理

目的：探讨子宫肌瘤栓塞术的术前、术中、术后的护理措施。方法：分析总结68例施行该手术的患者在术前、术中及术后各期进行相应的护理经验和体会。结果：所有患者术后症状改善或消失，无并发症，效果满意。结论：子宫肌瘤栓塞术痛苦小、相对安全、是治疗子宫肌瘤的有价值的方法之一，细致、周到的护理工作也是手术成功的重要保证。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产后胎盘植入的临床应用价值

目的 观察子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产后胎盘植入的临床疗效,总结其临床价值.方法 回顾性分析18例产后胎盘植入行双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗患者的临床资料,分析其治疗效果和治疗中的不良反应.结果 18例患者均得到及时有效的止血,其中8例术后3～7天排出胎盘组织,10例栓塞术后第8天辅以清宫术,清除了胎盘组织且术中出血少.18例患者均成功保留子宫,治疗过程中不良反应轻微.结论 子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产后胎盘植入具有创伤小、并发症少、疗效肯定及保留患者子宫等优点,具有很高的临床使用价值.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用研究

分析子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性。材料和方法：５１例子宫肌瘤行子宫通读动脉栓塞治疗,分别于栓塞后１、３、６、１２个月行Ｂ超随访肿瘤体积变化。结果：现例均无子宫坏死一严重并发症。栓塞后６个月,肿瘤体积缩小大于５０％、２０％￣５０％和小于２０％者分别为４１例（占８０．４％）、９例（１７．６％）和１例（占２％）,其中２例肿瘤全部消失。所有病例临床症状减轻或消失。４例自然受孕。结论：子宫动脉栓     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗8例脾动脉瘤

目的 探讨经导管动脉栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤的可行性和疗效.方法 对8例脾动脉瘤患者,经导管通过脾动脉使用弹簧圈栓塞瘤体远近端动脉而将瘤体隔绝,术后采用CT或血管彩色多普勒超声随访3～36个月.结果 8例脾动脉瘤均成功栓塞,无严重并发症.1例术后10个月因腹腔大出血死亡,其余7例随访3～36个月情况良好,未见血管再通.结论 经导管动脉栓塞治疗脾动脉瘤安全可行,术后定期影像随访非常重要.     

子宫肌瘤栓塞术:子宫动脉卵巢支分析

目的：研究子宫肌瘤的供血特点和子宫动脉卵巢支造影表现。方法：164例子宫肌瘤，行选择性双侧子宫动脉插管造影,分析子宫肌瘤的供血特点和子宫动脉卵巢支的发现率以及血管造影表现。结果：所有病例的双侧子宫动脉均参与子宫肌瘤供血，79．9％的病例子宫动脉发出卵巢支，其中80．9％有双侧子宫动脉卵巢支。子宫动脉卵巢支与子宫肌瘤 血管共同起源于迂曲的子宫动脉子宫段，向外、上行供应卵巢。结论：子宫肌瘤由双侧子宫动脉供血，大多数子宫动脉发出卵巢支，子宫肌瘤栓塞术不能避免栓塞卵巢支。     

Comparison of clinical and MR imaging outcomes after uterine fibroid embolization with Bead Block and Embosphere

Purpose

To compare clinical and imaging outcomes after uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) with Embosphere versus Bead Block microspheres.

Materials and methods

Our institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study. We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive UFEs performed for symptomatic uterine fibroids at our academic institution from 2001 to 2008. UFE was performed using Embosphere (n = 70) or Bead Block (n = 55) microspheres. Patient symptoms and MR images were reviewed before and following UFE. The MR images were analyzed for changes in the size and contrast enhancement of the dominant fibroid and the uterus.

Results

125 patients underwent UFE. Pre-treatment characteristics (patient age, presenting symptoms, fibroid location, and volume of the largest fibroid) were similar across groups. Procedure endpoint (near-stasis, reached in 94% of cases), duration, and sedation medication doses were also similar. Clinical follow-up was available in 69 (55%) patients (mean duration: 13.6 months). Of these, 92% had clinical improvement of their main presenting symptom(s) and 3% developed early menopause. MRI follow-up was available in 105 (84%) patients (mean 7.8 months). Mean volume reduction of the largest fibroid was similar after Embosphere (48%) and Bead Block (53%, p = NS). Residual enhancement ≥5% in the dominant fibroid was similarly uncommon after Bead Block (19%) or Embosphere (16%, p = NS). Mean uterine volume reduction was similar across groups (38%); no myometrial infarction occurred.

Conclusion

This retrospective study showed no superiority of Embosphere over Bead Block microspheres in terms of clinical and imaging outcomes after UFE.     

子宫动脉化疗栓塞术和子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠的临床效果比较

目的：比较子宫动脉化疗栓塞术和子宫动脉栓塞术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠（cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）的疗效。 方法：回顾分析山西医科大学第一医院2007年1月—2016年5月收治的诊断明确的CSP患者71例,分为A组33例和B组38例,A组行子宫动脉化疗栓塞术后行清宫术,B组行子宫动脉栓塞术后行清宫术。比较2组患者清宫过程的出血量、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）值下降至正常的时间及住院时间。 结果：2组患者的治疗成功率为100%,清宫过程中的出血量：A组为（40±30）ml,B组为（50±20）ml,差别无统计学意义。β-HCG值下降至正常的时间：A组为（16±3）d,低于B组的（21±5）d,差别有统计学意义。住院时间：A组为（11±3）d,低于B组的（13.5±4.5）d,差别有统计学意义。 结论：子宫动脉化疗栓塞术和子宫动脉栓塞术治疗CSP的成功率、清宫过程的出血量无明显差别,但子宫动脉化疗栓塞术能缩短患者的β-HCG值下降至正常的时间和住院时间。     

Preinterventional quantitative magnetic resonance imaging predicts uterus and leiomyoma size reduction after uterine artery embolization

Purpose:

To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and uterus and leiomyoma size reductions after uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Materials and Methods:

Fifty‐two women with leiomyomas underwent selective UAEs. Uterine and dominant leiomyoma sizes were measured with preinterventional MRI and a 6‐month follow‐up MRI. Four MRI measures of the dominant leiomyoma were recorded: T1 time; T2 time; leiomyoma‐to‐skeletal muscle T2 SI‐ratio; and percentage of contrast enhancement. To evaluate the predictive value of MRI measures we used Spearman rank correlation, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (A_z), and values for diagnostic performance.

Results:

Uterus and dominant leiomyoma size reductions were highly variable. Leiomyoma size reductions of ≥75% were accurately predicted with leiomyoma‐to‐skeletal muscle T2 SI‐ratio (ROC curve A_z = 0.930; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.853, 1.000). Leiomyoma size reductions ≥75% were predicted by leiomyoma‐to‐skeletal muscle T2 SI‐ratio ≥3.5 and T1‐time ≥750 msec with 100% and 86% sensitivities and 67% and 72% specificities, respectively. Uterus size reduction ≥50% were identified by dominant leiomyoma‐to‐skeletal muscle T2 SI‐ratio ≥2.5.

Conclusion:

Uterus and dominant leiomyoma size reductions after UAE were predicted with preoperative MRI measures of the dominant leiomyoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:617–624. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.