经肛门巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠28例临床经验

目的：总结经肛门巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的手术方法、手术疗效等临床经验。方法：采用经肛门巨结肠根治术治疗先天性巨结肠28例,对其手术疗效、并发症及术后控便能力等进行评价。结果：平均手术时间90min（60-150min）,术中切除结肠20～40era,失血平均约30ml。术后随访1年,大便次数为0～3次／d,2例控便能力差,但无完全大便失禁。结论：肛门结肠根治术是治疗先天性巨结肠的全新术式,手术疗效好,并发症少,值得推广。     

微创手术治疗先天性巨结肠的体会

目的　总结经肛门I期拖出根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠的手术治疗体会。方法　自2 0 0 1年对 18例经钡灌肠和直肠肛门测压检查诊断为先天性巨结肠的患儿施行Ⅰ期经肛门巨结肠根治术。手术方法为距齿状线上约 0 .5cm游离直肠粘膜 ,向近端游离直肠粘膜管至腹膜返折后横断肌鞘一周 ,劈开肌鞘后壁 ,游离直肠、结肠达到要求后切断 ,断端与肛门齿状线切缘缝合固定。结果　 18例均顺利完成手术。手术时间 90～ 14 0分钟 ,术中出血 2 5～ 4 0ml,切除肠管长度 15～ 2 8cm。术后 2周开始扩肛。全部病例随访 2个月～ 2 .5年 ,每日排便2～ 3次 ,无腹胀便秘复发、吻合口狭窄、污便、肠梗阻等并发症。结论　经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠具有疗效好、术后恢复快、并发症少及手术安全的优点 ,符合现代微创的医学理念。此术式适用于短段型及普通型先天性巨结肠。     

经肛门I期拖出根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠42例

目的探讨经肛门I期拖出根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床经验。方法采用该手术方法治疗42例小儿先天性巨结肠，术后常规括肛并随访1年以上。结果平均手术时间90min（60-150min），术中切除结肠16-45cm，出血平均约50ml。术后1例发生小肠结肠炎，4例肛门糜烂。随访1年大便次数为每天1-3次，2例患儿有间断性便秘，无经常污粪。结论经肛门Soave I期拖出根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠安全有效、创伤小。     

经肛门Ⅰ期结肠拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠

目的：介绍经肛门Ⅰ期结肠拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠的经验。方法：10例先天性巨结肠均经肛门Ⅰ期结肠拖出术治疗，方法为在直肠齿状线上0．5cm处游离直肠粘膜达腹膜返折后切断肌鞘1周，后壁肌鞘“V”形切除，游离拖出近端正常结肠与肛缘二层吻合。结果：10例经肛门Ⅰ期结肠拖出术根治的患儿，手术时间短，出血少，术后反应轻，无术中和术后并发症。结论：经肛门Ⅰ期结肠拖出术适宜治疗3岁以内的短段型、普通型先天性巨结肠，较经腹切口巨结肠根治术简单、安全，且达到同样效果。     

经肛门改良Soave根治巨结肠的临床研究

目的：探讨经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术的手术方法及手术效果的临床研究。方法：实验组：23例已证实的先天性短段型及普通型巨结肠患儿行改良Soave巨结肠根治术。对照组：16例行De La Torre术式巨结肠根治术。结果：所有患儿无术中及术后死亡,对照组中6例近期出现小肠结肠炎,大便失禁1例,污粪1例,吻合口狭窄3例。实验组仅1例出现污粪,经扩肛后治愈。结论：经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术是一种安全高效、微创、并发症少的术式,值得临床推广应用。     

经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术围术期护理体会

目的：探讨经肛门结肠拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠围手术期的护理。方法：48例患儿采用经肛门结肠拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠,术前做好宣教工作和严格的肠道准备;术后监测患儿生命体征、观察腹部体征同时做好肛周护理。结果：48例患儿均成功行肛门巨结肠根治术,全部病例痊愈出院,无手术并发症。结论：加强先天性巨结肠围手术期的护理是经肛门拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠成功的前提,可以减少术后并发症。     

改良经肛门巨结肠根治术39例报告

目的探讨经肛门I期巨结肠根治术的方法及手术效果。方法对39例先天性巨结肠患儿行肛门I期根治术,手术方法为：经齿状线上0．5cm逐层梯度切开分离黏膜、环肌、纵肌、进入盆腔,处理结肠系膜及韧带,拖出并切除病变肠管,将近端结肠与齿状线上创面吻合。结果全部经肛门完成手术,切除肠管长度12-38cm,手术时间1-1．5h。随访0．5-2年,有轻微污粪3例,6个月后均痊愈;便秘1例,无吻合口漏发生。结论经肛门直肠采用黏膜、环肌、纵肌梯度级分离推进I期巨结肠根治术安全有效,并发症少,适用于短段型、普通型及部分长段型巨结肠。     

新生儿先天性巨结肠经肛门根治术围手术期护理

目的:总结经肛门治疗先天性巨结肠的围手术期护理经验,减少并发症的发生。方法:回顾性总结12例先天性巨结肠新生儿患儿行经肛门根治术的围手术期护理措施。结果:12例患儿术后恢复良好,术后1周痊愈出院。4例术后1天发热,38.5℃左右,给予对症处理后恢复正常。未出现小肠结肠炎、吻合口瘘、感染、硬肿等病例。结论:耐心、细心、全面的护理是保证经肛门治疗先天性巨结肠患儿手术成功的重要组成部分。     

腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave根治术对先天性巨结肠患儿肠道微生态及便控功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave根治术对先天性巨结肠患儿肠道微生态及便控功能的影响。 方法通过便利抽样法将96例先天性巨结肠患儿均分为两组,对照组行传统开腹手术,观察组行腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave根治术。比较两组手术相关指标、肠道菌群数量、肠道微生物定植抗力(B/E)、便控功能及术后并发症发生率。 结果观察组手术时间、术中失血量、禁食时间、肠蠕动恢复时间、住院时间等均优于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组术后双歧杆菌、粪肠球菌、B/E以及便控功能优良率均高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组并发症发生率较对照组降低(P＜0.05)。 结论先天性巨结肠患儿接受腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave根治术治疗,可有效改善肠道菌群水平,术后便控功能良好,且术后并发症少,值得临床推荐。     

小儿先天性巨结肠经肛门与经腹根治性手术的护理比较

目的:从护理学角度比较经肛门与经腹两种先天性巨结肠根治手术,观察经腹根治手术的优势。方法:分析49例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,其中经肛门巨结肠根治术23例,经腹巨结肠根治术26例。根据两组不同的手术要求,术中采用不同的体位、不同的护理准备及不同的护理的配合,选择手术时间、术中出血、术后进食时间、术后排气及平均术后住院天数等方面进行观察比较。结果:两组各指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用经肛门巨结肠根治术手术时间短、创伤少、腹部无切口,手术配合不复杂,术中出血少,住院时间短。结论:经肛门巨结肠根治术疗效好,恢复快,降低手术风险同时使护理质量明显提高,尤其适应于新生儿及婴幼儿。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.