心肌肌钙蛋白－IRIA建立及初步临床应用

从人心肌组织中提纯并鉴定了心肌肌钙蛋白－１（ＣＴｎＩ），免疫新西兰纯系兔而获特异性抗血清，其亲和常数Ｋａ值为４．１×１０１０Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．Ｉｏｄｏｇｅｎ法制１２５Ｉ－ＣＴｎＩ，比活度为３６５９ＧＢｑ／ｇ．建立了ＣＴｎＩ双抗体ＲＩＡ，标准曲线ＥＤ５０为６．４±０．３４μｇ／Ｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝８），灵敏度达１．５μｇ／Ｌ，工作范围为２－６４μｇ／Ｌ，批内、批间ＣＶ分别为２．１％－５．７％（ｎ＝８）和５．４％－９．０％（ｎ＝４），方法回收率为９０．１％－９５．３％．与骨胳肌肌钙蛋白－Ｉ（ＳＴｎＩ）未见交叉反应，测定８７例正常人血清ＣＴｎＩ浓度为２．１７±０．６６μｇ／Ｌ（ｘ±ｓ），８０例有关疾病患者ＣＴｎＩ血清浓度测定表明该方法对诊断心肌细胞损伤具有心肌特异性．并且ＣＴｎＩ于心肌细胞损伤后在血清中出现时间早，维持时间长，是一个理想的心肌细胞损伤标志物．     

用高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中苯妥英和卡马西平的浓度

建立了快速测定血浆或全血中苯妥英及卡马西平浓度的高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）法。样品经乙酸乙酯一步提取，用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８柱分析，流动相为甲醇一水一四氢呋喃（４５：５５：５，ｖ：ｖ：ｖ），二级管阵列检测器（ＤＡＤ）检测波长２１０±２ ｎｍ。本方法快速简便，有较好的精密度（ＲＳＤ苯妥英 １．９％～８．６％；卡马西平 ２．１％～ ７．８％）和较宽的线性范围（苯妥英 ０．４～ ４０．０ μｇ／ ｍｌ；卡马西平 ０．２～２０．０ μｇ／ ｍｌ），适合于临床血药浓度的监测和药代动力学的研究。     

HAPC患者红细胞2,3—二磷酸甘油酸的变化和红细胞ATP酶的活性

目的：了解红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸、红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶在高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）的变化及二者关系。方法：ＨＡＰＣ患者２４例，正常对照１９例，分别测定红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶（Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶，Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果：ＨＡＰＣ组及对照组红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油分别为：３．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．１３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，４．８７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．０７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为：４．１±０．０１３λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，７．４±０．１９λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为１５．１±１．７０λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，２５．３±２．３１λΒμｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；相关分析显示：２，３－二磷酸甘油酸与Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＋０．４８１７，Ｐ＜０．０１）与Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４７８３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＨＡＰＣ患者红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸的减少，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活力降低，反映机体缺氧状况，体细胞代谢异常     

HPLC法测定复方感冒分散片中4种有效成分的含量

目的：测定复方感冒分散片中４种组分的含量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为氰基柱,（４．９ｍｍ×２００ｍｍ,粒径１０μｍ）,流动相为甲醇：乙腈：水：Ｈ３ＰＯ４：三乙醇胺（４８：２６：２６：０．２５）,检测波长：对乙酰氨基酚为２４５ｎｍ,伪麻黄碱、右美沙芬、氯苯那敏为２１０ｍｍ。结果：对乙酰氨基酚、伪麻黄碱、右美沙芬、氯苯那敏分别在３．２５￣３２．５μｇ、０．３￣３．０μｇ、０．５￣１．５μｇ和０     

ELISA法检测人血清晚期糖基化终产物及在血液透析病人的应用

用牛血清ＡＧＥ（ＢＳＡ－ＡＧＥ）作为包被抗原，采用对氧化糖基化产物－Ｎ＾ε羧甲基赖氨酸（ＣＭＬ）特异的抗体（抗ＫＬＨ－ＡＧＥ）作为检测抗体，建立竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ检测系统。将该法和荧光分光光度法所测ＡＧＥ水平进行比较，并对１１７例长期血液透析（ＨＤ）病人的血清ＡＧＥ水平进行定量观察。结果显示：ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清ＡＧＥ的最低检测限为０．１μｇ／ｎｌ，平均批内变异系数（ＣＶ）为２．２％，批间ＣＶ为９．０％，回收率为９７％～１０７％。用该法 １１７例血透病人血清ＡＧＥ水平中位数为０．５μｇ／ｍｌ，而年龄匹配的正常人中仅有９．４％的血清ＡＧＥ含量〉０．１μｇ／ｍｌ。同时用ＥＬＩＳＡ法和荧光分光光度法检测４４例病人血清ＡＧＥ，两处方法所得结果相关非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。上述结果表明，竞争ＥＬＩＥＡ法测定人血清ＡＧＥ水平，     

人血清载脂蛋白A_（－Ⅰ）放射免疫分析

从人血清中提纯载脂蛋白Ａ－Ⅰ（ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ），制备抗ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ抗血清，采用氯胺Ｔ法制备１２５Ｉ－ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ，以平衡法建立ａｐｏＡ－ⅠＲＩＡ．灵敏度为５１μｇ／Ｌ，检测范围０．１～１２．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，批内ＣＶ６．２％，批间ＣＶ７．０％，效应误差关系０．０１９，回收率均值为９８．９％，与人血清低密度脂蛋白交叉反应率小于０．０９５％．９９例正常男、女性血清ａｐｏＡ－Ⅰ浓度分别为１．４５±０．１８ｇ／Ｌ（±ｓ）和１．４２±０．１９ｇ／Ｌ，无明显性别差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．     

溃疡宝抗胃溃疡的实验研究

为探讨溃疡宝的作用机理，选用实验性溃疡模型进行对比研究，结果表明，溃疡宝具有明显的抗胃溃疡的发生、镇痛、中和胃酸、抑制胃液分泌和降低胃蛋白酶活性等作用；对小鼠应激性、大鼠幽门结扎性、消炎痛性、醋酸性溃疡模型的发生、溃疡指数的影响与甲氰咪胍基本一致。Ｐ＜０．０１２．３对消炎痛性溃疡模型的影响取２００ｇ左右雄性大白鼠８０只，均分为４组，禁食２４ｈ。每组动物均灌服消炎痛混悬剂２．５～５ｇ／ｋｇ，３０ｍｉｎ后分别向腹腔注射溃疡宝注射液２．５～５ｇ／ｋｇ、甲氰咪胍注射液１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照组注射相应体积的生理盐水。灌服消炎痛５ｈ后处死动物，结扎幽门与贲门，注入生理盐水６ｍｌ，摘胃置１％甲醛液中浸泡１５ｍｉｎ取出，沿胃大弯剪开，以游标卡尺测定溃疡直径，按下述标准评分并作为溃疡指数：瘀点：１分；直径＜１ｍｍ２分；直径在１～２ｍｍ３分；直径在２～４ｍｍ４分；直径＞４ｍｍ５分；直径＞１０ｍｍ１０分；直径＞１５ｍｍ１５分。结果表明，溃疡宝注射液２．５～５．０ｇ／ｋｇ对消炎痛性溃疡的发生有明显的保护作用（见表３）。表３对消炎痛性溃疡模型的影响２．４对醋酸性溃疡模型的影响取２００ｇ左右雄大白鼠５２只，均分为４组，禁食２４ｈ后，用     

心肌肌凝蛋白轻链放射免疫分析及临床初步应用

为提供急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）早期血清学诊断法，用改进后的Ｓｃｈｏβ法提取狗肌凝蛋白轻链（ＣＭ－ＬＣ），免疫兔获得抗血清。氯胺Ｔ法标记抗原，建立血清ＣＭ－ＬＣ ＲＩＡ。结果：该方法标准曲线测量范围１－１００μｇ／Ｌ，批内、批间（ＣＶ分别是３．２％和９．１％，平均回收率９５．３％。正常人３０例血清ＣＭ－ＬＣ为３．５±１．５μｇ／Ｌ，２０例ＡＭＩ患 者血清ＣＭ＝ＬＣ为２０．２±８．６μｇ／Ｌ，两组间差异     

HPLC法测定盐酸普鲁卡因注射液中分解产物对氨基苯甲酸含量

目的：研究和测定盐酸普鲁卡因注射液中的降解产物对氨基甲酸,方法：采用离子对ＨＰＬＣ法,固定相Ｌｕｎａ５μＣ１８（２）柱,流动相为缓冲液（０．００５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１磷酸二氢钾,ｐＨ３．０,０．１％庚烷磺酸钠）－甲醇（７７：２３）;流速１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,柱温３５℃;检测波长２８７ｎｍ,结果：对氨基苯酸浓度在２．０～２０．０μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１范围,线性关系良好,回归方程为Ｃ＝５．８０４１×１０＾－５＋０．０７８２９,ｒ ＝０．９９９９。回收率为１００．２％,ＲＳＤ＝０．３２％,结论：本测定方法简便快速,结果准确,可用于该制剂有关物质检查。     

膳食对船员营养和免疫状况的影响(论著)

目的：了解改善膳食对船员航海期间营养与免疫状况的影响。方法：检测了５６名航海船员膳食改善前后的营养素摄入量，以及维生素Ａ、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ和尼克酸体内含量，血清免疫球蛋白、补体Ｃ３水平和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群等营养与免疫指标。结果：膳食改善前，船员补体Ｃ３，Ｔ淋巴细胞ＣＤ４亚群，维生素Ｂ２和Ｃ的４小时负荷尿含量分别为０．８８±０．３０ｇ／Ｌ，３７．０６％±５．４９％，３０７．９０±１４８．４０μｇ和１．８０±０．９０ｍｇ。膳食改善后依次增加到１．１３±０．３３ｇ／Ｌ，４１．１８％±５．９７％，５１２．６０±１０３．９０μｇ和４．７０±１．０１ｍｇ。各指标膳食前后差别有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：改善膳食可增强船员免疫功能和营养状况。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.