急性脑梗死患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平与运动功能恢复的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平对运动功能恢复的影响.方法 选取45例急性脑梗死患者作为研究组,选取30例健康体检者作为对照组.出院时采用Fugl-Meyer评分评定急性脑梗死患者的运动功能恢复情况.采用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定受试者血清脂联素、瘦素水平,分析研究组患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平与出院时运动功能恢复程度的相关性.结果 对照组血清脂联素水平为(13.78±4.25) mg/L,明显高于研究组的(6.35±3.18) mg/L,对照组血清瘦素水平为(6.48±1.26) μg/L,明显低于研究组的(20.35±2.59) μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组不同Fugl-Meyer评分患者的血清脂联素、瘦素水平比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清脂联素水平与Fugl-Meyer评分呈正相关(r=0.528,P＜ 0.05),血清瘦素水平与Fugl-Meyer评分呈负相关(r=-0.564,P＜ 0.05).血清脂联素水平与血清瘦素水平呈负相关(r=-0.427,P＜0.05).结论 脂联素、瘦素参与了急性脑梗死的发生、发展,且两者水平与患者运动功能恢复程度密切相关.     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白A V与脂联素关系研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白(Apo)AV与脂联素之间的关系.方法 检测59例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和40例对照者(对照组)的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ApoA I、ApoB,同时采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ApoAV和脂联素水平.结果 冠心病组血清TG显著高于对照组[(1.79±1.28)mmol/L比(1.27±0.79)mmol/L],HDL-C显著低于对照组[(1.17±0.25)mmol/L比(1.29±0.26)mmol/L],ApoAV显著低于对照组[(186.71±78.20)μg/L比(250.29±110.38)μg/L],脂联素亦显著低于对照组[(3.81±0.15)mg,L比(5.33±0.37)mg/L],P<0.05或<0.01.ApoAV与TG呈负相关 r=-0.208,P=0.040),与HDL-C(r=0.241,P=0.016)、脂联素(r=0.238,P=0.018)呈正相关.结论 冠心病患者血清ApoAV和脂联素水平降低,TG水平增高.ApoAV与脂联素共同影响动脉粥样硬化的发展.     

脓毒症患者脂联素水平及其与急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分的相关性研究

目的 通过检测脓毒症患者血清脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,探讨其水平变化及血清脂联素水平与急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分的相关性.方法 脓毒症患者60例(脓毒症组),健康体检者60例(对照组),分别检测其血清脂联素、TNF-α、IL-6水平并进行比较分析.结果 脓毒症组患者血清脂联素水平低于对照组[(4.78±0.78) μg/L比(15.58±3.45)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于对照组[ (37.64±5.28) ng/L比(12.78±2.06) ng/L; (28.62±4.56) ng/L比(15.98±3.67) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);脓毒症组患者血清脂联素水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(r=-0.815,P＜0.05).结论 脂联素参与脓毒症的发生和发展过程,可能发挥抗炎作用;通过检测脂联素水平可初步评估疾病的严重程度.     

2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮与脂联素、瘦素水平的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮水平情况及其与脂联素、瘦素水平的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病男性患者60例(2型糖尿病组),另选取同期非糖尿病男性患者40例作为对照组.检测受试者的睾酮、脂联素、瘦素水平,对比两组睾酮水平的差异,同时分析睾酮水平和脂联素及瘦素水平的关系.结果 2型糖尿病组睾酮、脂联素及瘦素水平分别为(11.0±4.1) nmol/L、(6.3±1.2) mg/L及(7.2±2.1) μg/L,对照组分别为(12.9±4.6)nmol/L、(7.7±1.3) mg/L及(6.5±2.3) μg/L,2型糖尿病组睾酮及脂联素水平显著低于对照组,瘦素水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2型糖尿病患者睾酮水平和脂联素、瘦素水平呈负相关(r=-0.38、-0.46,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病男性患者睾酮水平较非糖尿病男性降低.睾酮水平与脂联素及瘦素水平呈负相关.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血脂水平、瘦素和脂联素的变化

目的分析研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者血脂水平、瘦素和脂联素的变化及意义。方法选择2014年2—8月在本院呼吸内科住院治疗的106例COPD患者为观察组,选择同期健康体检者100例为对照组,比较观察组和对照组的TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,APo A1)、载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,APo B)、瘦素和脂联素水平。计量资料采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组血清TC[(4.22±0.50)mmol/L]、TG[(1.29±0.31)mmol/L]均低于对照组[(4.80±0.37)、(1.60±0.23)mmol/L],组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组Apo B水平[(0.68±0.20)g/L]比对照组[(0.95±0.77)g/L]降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组瘦素水平为[(0.38±0.07)mg/ml]低于对照组[(0.50±0.04)mg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=14.988,P0.05);观察组脂联素水平为[(0.53±0.17)mg/L]高于对照组[(0.42±0.05)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(t=6.221,P0.05)。结论血清瘦素和脂联素对COPD患者的诊断有重要的参考价值。血脂相关指标与COPD患者病情发展有相关性,因此在此类人群中进行血脂等指标检查十分必要。     

中老年人血清瘦素与脂联素水平及其相关危险因素研究

目的 探讨相对健康的中老年人血清瘦素与脂联素水平与心脑血管疾病危险因素的相关性.方法 从"广州生物库队列研究"中收集1515名相对健康的50岁及以上的中老年人个人资料及病史、体格检查并测定血清空腹血糖、血脂、瘦素和脂联素的水平.结果 (1)广州市1515名的血清瘦素水平(x-±s)男女性分别为(3.90±2.36)ng/ml和(12.17±2.01)ng/ml;脂联素水平男女性分别为(5.33±2.78)mg/L和(7.18±2.58)mg/L.(2)男女性血清瘦素和脂联素水平均随年龄增长而升高;在调整BMI后,男性瘦素水平仍随年龄增长而显著升高(趋势检验P＜0.001),而女性其脂联素水平也随年龄增长而显著升高(趋势检验P＜0.05).(3)在调整年龄后,男女性血清瘦素和脂联素水平均与吸烟状态无明显相关(P=0.09～0.76).(4)血清瘦素水平,男女性均随腰围、BMI、SBP、LDL-C和TG增加而显著升高(P=0.04,＜0.001),同时还随男性的DBP和空腹血糖升高及HDL-C降低而显著升高(P=0.03～0.02).(5)血清脂联素水平男女性均随腹围以及TG升高而下降(P=0.003,＜0.001),而男性血清脂联素水平还随BMI与空腹血糖升高及HDL-C水平下降而下降(P=0.05,＜0.001),女性则随SBP和TC上升而下降(P=0.05～0.006).结论 广州市相对健康的中老年人血清瘦素和脂联索水平男性比女性低;男性瘦素水平和女性脂联素水平同年龄增加呈显著相关.血清瘦素升高和脂联素下降与传统心脑血管危险因素上升有关.     

儿童单纯性肥胖程度和脂肪细胞因子的关系

目的 探讨儿童单纯性肥胖程度与脂肪细胞因子瘦素、脂联素和抵抗素水平的关系.方法 选取2～6岁单纯性肥胖儿童110例(肥胖组),其中轻度肥胖组40例,中度肥胖组40例,重度肥胖组30例,另选取正常体重健康儿童40例为对照组,检测空腹血清瘦素、脂联素和抵抗素水平,比较脂肪因子的差异.结果 肥胖组血清瘦素、抵抗素水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),血清脂联素水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01).中度肥胖组血清瘦素、抵抗素水平明显高于轻度肥胖组[分别为(14.3±1.9)μg/L比(7.8±1.5)μg/L与(14.6±2.2)μg/L比(13.1±3.0)μg/L](P<0.01),脂联素水平明显低于轻度肥胖组[(6.7±3.0)mg/L比(9.1±3.5)mg/L](P<0.01);重度肥胖组血清瘦素、抵抗素水平[分别为(20.4±4.7)、(18.3±3.2)μg/L]明显高于中度肥胖组(P<0.01),脂联素水平[(5.1±1.2)mg/L]明显低于中度肥胖组(P<0.01).结论 儿童脂肪细胞因子水平与肥胖程度密切相关,内脏脂肪堆积可能是造成脂肪因子改变的主要原因之一.     

外周血内脂素水平检测对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的临床应用价值

目的 检测冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者外周血内脂素水平,探讨内脂素水平与冠心病病变程度的关系.方法 收集2011年1-6月住院并行冠状动脉造影检查确诊为冠心病的患者220例(冠心病组),其中稳定型心绞痛74例(稳定型心绞痛组),不稳定型心绞痛60例(不稳定型心绞痛组),急性心肌梗死86例(心肌梗死组),选取健康体检的冠状动脉造影正常者20例作为对照组.采用全自动生化仪检测各组血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等相关生化指标.采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测血清内脂素水平.比较各组血清生化指标与内脂素水平,分析血清内脂素水平与各生化指标的相关性.结果 冠心病组血清内脂素水平为(34.07±5.51)μg/L,显著高于对照组的(13.22±3.17)μg/L(P＜0.05).不同类型冠心病组血清TC、LDL-C与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组、心肌梗死组血清TG、HDL-C、内脂素水平[(1.44±0.27) mmol/L、(1.16±0.12) mmol/L、(21.36±3.35)μg/L,(1.84±0.32) mmol/L、(1.01±0.08) mmol/L、(27.78±447)μg/L,(2.31±0.34) mmol/L、(0.93±0.06) mmol/L、(33.14±5.66)μg/L]与对照组[(0.93±0.25)mmol/L、( 1.48±0.24) mmol/L、( 13.22±3.17)μg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01).不稳定型心绞痛组和心肌梗死组血清TG、Gensini积分、血清内脂素水平明显高于稳定型心绞痛组,血清HDL-C明显低于稳定型心绞痛组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心肌梗死组Gensini积分、血清内脂素水平明显高于不稳定型心绞痛组,血清HDL-C明显低于不稳定型心绞痛组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Spearman相关分析显示冠心病组的血清内脂紊水平与TG和Gensini积分呈正相关(P＜0.05或＜ 0.01),与HDL-C呈负相关(P＜ 0.01),与TC和LDL-C无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 外周血内脂素水平的升高可能是冠心病的一个危险因素,其水平的变化可以较好地反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度.     

血清可溶性上皮型钙黏附蛋白与进展期胃癌术后复发及预后的关系

目的 探讨血清可溶性上皮型钙黏附蛋白(sE-cad)水平变化与进展期胃癌术后复发及预后的关系.方法 以酶联免疫吸附试验法检测85例进展期胃癌患者(进展期胃癌组)根治术前、术后1个月及30例健康体检者(对照组)血清sE-cad水平;术后随访3年,胃癌复发患者(28例)及未复发患者(57例)复查血清sE-cad水平.分析影响术前血清sE-ad水平升高的因素,探讨其变化与术后复发及预后的关系.结果 进展期胃癌组术前血清sE-cad水平显著高于对照组[(24.3±14.8) μg/L比(9.4±3.8) μg/L,P＜0.01],术后1个月血清sE-cad水平显著降低[(12.5±6.4) μg/L比(24.3± 14.8) μg/L,P＜0.01].进展期胃癌术后复发患者血清sE-cad水平显著高于术后1个月和术后未复发患者[(20.7±9.8)μg/L比(12.5±6.4)、(14.8±6.2) μg/L,P＜0.01].单因素分析显示术前血清sE-cad水平升高与肿瘤最大径、分化程度、淋巴结转移率、浸润深度相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤组织学分型无关(P＞0.05).术前高血清sE-cad水平负面影响术后生存率和复发率.Logistic多因素回归分析显示术前血清sE-cad水平是影响进展期胃癌术后3年复发率的独立危险因素(相对危险度为2.068,P=0.013).结论 进展期胃癌术前血清sE-cad水平升高与多种重要肿瘤病理特征相关,是影响预后的重要因素,检测血清sE-cad水平有助于预后评价与术后复发监测.     

原发性高血压患者血清脂联素水平的变化及其与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨血清脂联素在原发性高血压(EH)发病中的作用及与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 60例EH患者(EH组)和30例健康体检者(对照组)为研究对象,60例EH组患者根据《中国高血压防治指南(2005年)》中血压的分级标准分为三个亚组,1级EH组、2级EH组、3级EH组,每组20例.采用双抗体夹心ABC-酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清脂联素水平,采用全自动生化仪测定血脂水平,采用彩色多普勒超声仪测定颈动脉IMT.结果 与对照组比较,EH组及1、2、3级EH组血清脂联素水平降低[(3.94±1.28)、(5.25±1.69)、(4.01±1.27)、(2.56±0.87)mg/L比(7.63±2.50) mg/L],颈动脉IMT增加[(1.30±0.42)、(0.94±0.30)、(1.32±0.44)、(1.65±0.51)mm比(0.69±0.22) mm],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且EH各亚组间两两比较,随着血压水平升高,血清脂联素水平逐渐降低,颈动脉IMT逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,EH组及1、2、3级EH组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平上升[TC:(6.53±2.09)、(5.14±1.66)、(6.59±2.20)、(7.86±2.42) mmol/L比(4.17±1.32)mmol/L;TG:(2.15±0.69)、(1.72±0.55)、(2.07±0.69)、(2.65±0.82) mmol/L比(1.38±0.44) mmol/L; LDL-C:(3.78±1.21)、(3.12±1.01)、(3.74±1.25)、(4.48±1.38)mmol/L比(2.46 ±0.78) mmol/L],HDL-C水平下降[(0.96±0.31)、(1.39±0.45)、(0.85±0.28)、(0.64 ±0.20) mmol/L比(1.69±0.54) mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且EH各亚组间两两比较,随着血压水平升高,血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平上升,HDL-C水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清脂联素水平与颈动脉IMT呈显著负相关(r=-0.435,P＜0.01),与血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)水平有相关性(P＜0.01).结论 脂联素在EH的发生和发展过程中起着重要作用,并与颈动脉IMT的增厚和血脂代谢紊乱密切相关,顽固性EH患者增加降血脂药物可能会提高降血压治疗的疗效.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.