485例自发性气胸手术治疗的远期效果、并发症及复发原因分析

目的 探讨外科治疗自发性气胸的手术适应证、远期效果、并发症及复发原因.方法 回顾分析外科手术治疗485例(558例次)自发性气胸患者的临床资料和随访结果.结果 全组随访率92%,随访1～174个月,中位随访期为73.8个月.术后并发症62例(11.1%),死亡5例(1.03%).随访期内气胸复发28例次(5.0%),15例再次手术治疗.患者的年龄、肺大泡累及的叶数及拔管前肺复张程度与术后复发有关,而既往发生气胸次数、患者身高/体重、肺大泡的数目、大小、位置;手术方式、方法;是否存在漏口、粘连;是否行胸膜处理均与术后复发无关.结论 胸腔镜是自发性气胸手术治疗的首选方法,术后仍有发生严重并发症,甚至死亡的可能,特别是老年人.自发性气胸术后肺复张程度、肺大泡累及叶数及患者年龄与术后复发有关,与其他因素无关.术中避免遗留潜在病变,术后采取多种有效措施,促进肺均匀完全复张,才能有效预防气胸的复发.胸膜处理对预防气胸复发帮助不大,不必所有患者均行胸膜处理术.     

39例老年自发性气胸临床分析

目的探讨老年人自发性气胸的临床特点、治疗及预后.方法对1992年至2002年间本院收治的39例老年人自发性气胸患者进行临床分析.结果39例老年人自发性气胸有肺部基础疾病37例(94.9%).气胸类型,张力性气胸14例(35.9%),交通性气胸10例(25.6%).肺压缩程度＜30%为20例(51.3%).需采取胸腔闭式引流31例(79.5%).肺复张天数,保守治疗为21天,闭式引流为12天.39例患者中复发11例(28.2%).结论老年人自发性气胸大多有肺部基础疾病,气胸类型以张力性气胸多见,治疗多需排气减压术,复张时间长,预后较差.     

青少年原发性自发性气胸 84 例临床分析

目的 探讨青少年原发性自发性气胸发病原因、临床特点及治疗方法. 方法 1999年6月至2009年6月我院急诊科、呼吸科、胸外科收治的84例18岁以下原发性自发性气胸患者,其中男性72例、女性12例,男性∶女性为 6∶1,平均年龄17.06(14～18)岁.排除外伤、肺炎、医源性或其他原因引起的自发性气胸.治疗方法:吸氧4例(4.8%)、胸腔闭式引流48例(57.1%)和手术治疗32例(38.1%),31例(36.9%)胸腔闭式引流治疗失败患者改用手术治疗.采用电话、门诊随访,本组平均随访25.73(1～123)个月. 结果 胸痛发生率为81例(96.4%),呼吸困难56例(66.7%),咳嗽12例(14.3%),呼吸急促7例(8.3%),胸闷6例(7.1%);81例(96.4%)患者呼吸音降低;3例(3.6%)患者呼吸音消失.63例手术治疗的患者中有61例发现有肺大泡,肺大泡大部分位于肺尖和上叶.21例患者复发,其中吸烟者较不吸烟者复发率高(66.7% vs 22.0%, P＜0.05).第1次原发性自发性气胸发作和第2次发作平均间隔11.8个月;第2次发作和第3次发作间隔缩短为7.4个月. 结论 青少年出现胸痛、呼吸困难等症状要考虑自发性气胸的可能性;治疗方法倾向于胸腔闭式引流与外科手术相结合.     

老年人自发性气胸56例临床分析

目的探讨老年人自发性气胸的临床特点及预后.方法回顾性分析该科近10年来收治的56例老年人自发性气胸的临床资料.结果56例患者中,54例(96.4%)伴有各种慢性肺部疾病,49例(87.5%)有诱发因素.症状主要表现为突发或突然加重的呼吸困难(98.2%),胸痛发生率46.4%.误诊率14.3%.55例(98.2%)需要减压处理.死亡3例,死亡率5.4%.结论老年人自发性气胸常伴有各种慢性肺部疾病,临床表现不典型,易误诊,有一定死亡率,需及时予适宜的减压处理.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发自发性气胸54例临床分析

目的总结慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的诊断和治疗经验,提高该病的诊疗水平.方法回顾性分析1995～2003年收治的54例COPD并发自发性气胸的临床表现、诊治经过及预后转归.结果有诱因者29.6%(16/54),无诱因者70.4%(38/54).起病缓慢,呼吸困难逐渐加重者83.3%(45/54);起病急骤,呼吸困难突然加剧者16.7%(9/54).有气胸体征者44.4%(24/54),无气胸体征者55.6%(30/54).X线胸片未发现气胸征,经转动体位X线透视发现气胸者15.4%(6/39);X线胸片和转动体位透视均未发现气胸,经胸部CT发现气胸者9.3%(4/43).同时存在1项以上如下表现者38.9%(21/54)大量哮鸣音、大量水泡音、快速型房颤、频发性室早、血压高.未经化学性胸膜固定术或手术治疗者2年的复发率81.5%(44/54);经过化学性胸膜固定术或手术治疗者复发率仅9.1%(1/11).结论COPD并发自发性气胸临床表现不典型;常同时存在同样以呼吸困难为突出症状的其它疾病的某些临床表现.提高对本病的警惕性是早期诊断的关键;化学性胸膜固定术应作为治疗常规.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发自发性气胸54例临床分析

目的总结慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的诊断和治疗经验,提高该病的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析1995～2003年收治的54例COPD并发自发性气胸的临床表现、诊治经过及预后转归。结果有诱因者29.6%(16/54),无诱因者70.4%(38/54)。起病缓慢,呼吸困难逐渐加重者83.3%(45/54);起病急骤,呼吸困难突然加剧者16.7%(9/54)。有气胸体征者44.4%(24/54),无气胸体征者55.6%(30/54)。X线胸片未发现气胸征,经转动体位X线透视发现气胸者15.4%(6/39);X线胸片和转动体位透视均未发现气胸,经胸部CT发现气胸者9.3%(4/43)。同时存在1项以上如下表现者38.9%(21/54):大量哮鸣音、大量水泡音、快速型房颤、频发性室早、血压高。未经化学性胸膜固定术或手术治疗者2年的复发率81.5%(44/54);经过化学性胸膜固定术或手术治疗者复发率仅9.1%(1/11)。结论COPD并发自发性气胸临床表现不典型;常同时存在同样以呼吸困难为突出症状的其它疾病的某些临床表现。提高对本病的警惕性是早期诊断的关键;化学性胸膜固定术应作为治疗常规。     

凉山地区自发性气胸42例临床分析

目的分析自发性气胸的病因分布变化与转归。方法回顾性分析凉山第二人民医院2002,01,01～2006,12,31收治的42例自发性气胸的临床特点。结果42例气胸均经胸片或CT确诊。病因:肺结核12例(占28.6%),肺大疱7例(占16.7%),慢性支气管炎4例(占9.5%),支气管哮喘1例(占2.4%),18例存在肺部感染(占42.9%),其中15例为吸烟者(占35.7%)。转归:治愈18例(占42.9%),好转20例(占47.6%),未愈3例(占7.1%),死亡1例(占2.4%)。复发7例(占16.7%),多在2年内自发性气胸复发。诱因感染18例(占42.9%),咳嗽2例(占4.8%)。结论肺结核与肺大庖是自发性气胸最常见的病因,自发性气胸的发生多与吸烟和咳嗽有关,一部分患者合并感染,预后大多良好。     

不同粘合剂对自发性气胸术后复发率的影响

自发性气胸分为特发性和继发性,特发性气胸多无明显的肺部疾病,好发于青少年;继发性气胸多与肺基础疾病有关,多发生在老年人。自发性气胸的治疗手段有保守和手术治疗,保守治疗包括胸腔穿刺抽气、胸腔闭式引流等。保守治疗不能有效防止复发,首次及再次发生气胸经保守治疗后,复发     

老年人自发性气胸临床诊疗探讨

目的　探讨老年人自发性气胸的临床特点及治疗。方法　收集 1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月我院收治的 5 0例老年人自发性气胸的临床资料 ,并与同期 6 0例青少年气胸作对照。结果　老年组慢性阻塞性肺病 (chronicob structivepulmonarydisease,COPD) 39例 (78% ) ,合并肺部感染者 2 0例 (40 % ) ,误诊 5例 (10 % ) ,34例 (6 8% )采用闭式引流 ,2例手术治疗 ,2例死亡。结论　老年人自发性气胸多为继发性 ,易误诊 ,临床应予重视     

红霉素胸膜粘连术对难治性自发性气胸的治疗价值

目的观察红霉素胸膜粘连术对难治性自发性气胸的治疗价值。方法经胸腔闭式引流管注入红霉素到胸膜腔治疗难治性自发性气胸28例为治疗组,以同期28例难治性自发性气胸经胸腔闭式引流治疗为对照组。结果以红霉素为硬化剂的胸膜粘连术治疗方法的治疗组28例复发3例,复发率约为10%。对照组28例复发11例,复发率约为39%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。结论胸腔引流管注入红霉素治疗难治性自发性气胸是简便易行,安全、费用低的一种有效方法,具有一定的治疗价值,可在基层医院推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.