低电压自动管电流调节技术在上腹部增强CT扫描中的应用

目的 探讨低电压自动管电流调节(ATCM)技术在上腹部增强CT扫描中的价值。方法 将腹围<90 cm的100例患者随机分为2组,观察组(n=50):管电压100 kV,ATCM,动、静脉期参考管电流250、230 mAs。对照组:管电压120 kV,ATCM,动、静脉期参考管电流为210、190 mAs。测量并对比两组图像噪声、肝脏和胰腺SNR、肝脏-竖脊肌和胰腺-竖脊肌CNR、腹主动脉CT值、腹主动脉SNR、腹主动脉-竖脊肌CNR、静脉期容积CT剂量指数(CTDlvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)。结果 两组图像噪声、肝脏SNR、胰腺SNR、腹主动脉CT值、CTDIvol、DLP、ED比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);腹主动脉SNR、腹主动脉-竖脊肌CNR、肝脏-竖脊肌CNR、胰腺-竖脊肌CNR、腹腔干三维分支评分及血管清晰度评分、轴位图像主观评价比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 低管电压、ATCM上腹部增强CT扫描可降低辐射剂量,提高动脉血管显影程度,可满足诊断要求。     

双源CT大螺距扫描结合正弦图迭代重建技术在小儿先天性心脏病的应用

目的 探讨双源CT大螺距扫描结合正弦图迭代重建（SAFIRE）技术在小儿先天性心脏病（简称先心病）低辐射剂量成像中的可行性。方法 选取96例心脏超声或临床拟诊复杂先心病患儿,随机分为A组、B组,每组48例,2组均行双源CT大螺距并前瞻性心电触发扫描。A组管电压采用80 kV,管电流按体质量分别设置,采用滤波反投影（FBP）重建;B组管电压与A组相同,管电流根据体质量设置为A组的50%,采用SAFIRE。分别测量并记录两组图像中升主动脉、降主动脉、主肺动脉及左心室的平均CT值及噪声（SD）,并计算SNR及对比噪声比（CNR）,由2名影像学医师以5分法主观评价图像质量。记录两组患儿的容积CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）值,计算有效辐射剂量（ED）。结果 两组患儿相同层面CT值、SD、SNR及CNR值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。两组图像的主观图像质量中位数评分均为4分（Z=1.02,P=0.31）,图像质量评分评价者间一致性极好（Kappa=0.84,P<0.05）。A组、B组ED分别为（0.18±0.05）mSv、（0.09±0.03）mSv（P<0.05）,B组ED较A组降低约50%。结论 对先心病患儿采用双源CT大螺距扫描联合SAFIRE技术的图像质量满足诊断要求,且可降低扫描剂量。     

双源CT不同胸部扫描模式对图像质量的影响:仿真体模研究

目的 对比双源CT胸部常规和大螺距Turbo Flash（TF）模式不同螺距下扫描参数及图像质量的差异,以优选最佳方案。方法 采用双源CT常规（螺距0.8~1.5,共8种方案）及大螺距TF扫描模式（螺距1.6~3.2,共17种方案）行仿真体模胸部CT扫描,比较不同模式下扫描时间、容积CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、4个不同层面的信噪比（SNR）、对比度噪声比（CNR）及5个不同层面图像质量主观评分的差异。采用一元线性回归分析螺距与各指标的相关性;以TOPSIS法对25种方案进行排名。结果 TF模式下,扫描时间、CTDIvol、DLP及CNR均明显低于常规模式（P均<0.05）;除外T10层面,SNR普遍高于常规模式（P均<0.05）;2种模式图像质量主观评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。螺距与扫描时间、CTDIvol及DLP均呈明显线性关系（P均<0.05）。TF模式下螺距2.7方案最优,常规模式下螺距1.4最劣。结论 双源CT不同模式胸部扫描图像均可满足诊断需求。除CNR外,大螺距TF模式各项评价指标均优于常规模式,其中TF模式下螺距2.7为最优方案。     

大螺距双源CT心脏与头颈血管一站式联合扫描的可行性

目的 评价Flash双源CT前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描模式（Flash Spiral模式）心脏与头颈血管一站式联合成像的图像质量、辐射剂量。方法 选择246例连续性患者,分为3组,每组82例：A组采用Flash Spiral模式行心脏与头颈血管联合扫描;B组采用Flash Spiral模式心脏成像;C组采用双能量扫描模式行头颈部CTA。分别测量主动脉根部CT值及CNR,测量颈总动脉起始部、颈内动脉起始部、大脑中动脉M1段、椎动脉V4段CT值及图像噪声,评价图像质量、有效辐射剂量。结果 A组与B组冠状动脉平均图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组与C组头颈部血管图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组头颈部ED显著低于C组（t=24.215,P<0.01）。结论 大螺距双源CT Flash Spiral模式心脏与头颈部血管一站式联合扫描图像质量好,成功率高,对比剂用量少,辐射剂量低。     

70 kVp超低辐射剂量和低碘摄入量在低体质量指数患者腹部CTA的可行性

目的 探讨70 kVp在低体质量指数（BMI;BMI≤22 kg/m²）患者腹部CTA中降低辐射剂量和碘摄入量的可行性。方法 收集临床拟诊腹部血管疾病而行全腹部CTA检查、BMI ≤ 22kg/m²的患者48例,按管电压和对比剂摄入量分为2组,A组27例,采用70 kVp（对比剂300 mgI/kg体质量）;B组21例,采用120 kVp（对比剂500 mgI/kg体质量）;其余参数两组相同;对比剂均采用350 mgI/ml的碘海醇。2名观察者分别以5分制对两组右肾动脉图像质量进行评分,对评分行一致性检验,比较两组主观评分差异性;测量A、B组的腹主动脉、腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉、肝总动脉、脾动脉的CT值及同层面竖脊肌的CT值和SD值（噪声）。比较两组上述动脉CT值、腹主动脉SNR和CNR;比较两组容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）和剂量长度乘积（DLP）及患者总摄碘量。结果 2名观察者对两组右肾动脉图像评分中位数均为5.00（1.00）分,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,一致性很好（Kappa=0.932、0.911）;A组腹主动脉、腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉、肝总动脉、脾动脉的CT值均高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;A组腹主动脉SNR、CNR均高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;A、B组CTDI_vol和DLP的差异均有统计学意义,A组CTDI_vol较B组降低73.36%、DLP降低74.41%;A、B组患者总碘摄入量分别为（46.33±6.43）ml、（84.31±10.71）ml,A组较B组每例患者总碘摄入量降低45.05%。结论 针对BMI≤ 22 kg/m²患者,采用70 kVp低管电压行腹部CTA扫描,可显著提高腹主动脉及其分支的图像CNR和SNR,同时明显降低辐射剂量及患者摄入总碘量,具有很好的临床推广价值。     

超大螺距Turbo Flash扫描模式在学龄前儿童胸部检查中不用镇静剂的可行性

目的 探讨超大螺距Turbo Flash扫描模式在学龄前儿童胸部检查中不用镇静剂的可行性。方法 将90例胸部CT检查前评估心理状态为紧张或恐惧的学龄前患儿按扫描时间先后分为3组,每组30例。A组患儿应用镇静剂后行常规CT扫描,开启CARE Dose 4D/CARE kV扫描模式,螺距为1.9;B组患儿应用镇静剂后行超大螺距Turbo Flash模式扫描,螺距为3.0;C组患儿不予镇静剂干预,行超大螺距Turbo Flash模式扫描。比较3组间的扫描时间、辐射剂量、图像质量及诊断效能。结果 3组间主动脉根部、脊柱后方肌肉及皮下脂肪的CT值、主动脉根部噪声、SNR、CNR差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,肺窗、纵隔窗图像质量主观评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。A组的扫描时间及辐射剂量均高于B组及C组（P均<0.05）,B组与C组间扫描时间及辐射剂量（CTDIvol、DLP、ED）差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。3组中,CT诊断与临床最终诊断结果间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 超大螺距Turbo Flash模式扫描可缩短扫描时间、降低辐射剂量。对心理状态为紧张或恐惧的学龄前儿童检查时,可在避免使用镇静剂的同时获得满意的图像质量。     

智能最佳管电压扫描联合自动管电流调节技术降低成人胸部CT扫描辐射剂量

目的 探讨智能最佳管电压扫描(CARE kV)联合自动管电流调节(CARE Dose 4D)技术降低胸部CT扫描辐射剂量的价值。方法 将114例接受胸部CT 检查的患者随机分为2组,A组(50例)同时开启CARE Dose 4D及CARE kV,B组(64例)只开启CARE Dose 4D进行扫描,比较2组图像质量(平均CT值、噪声、SNR、CNR、主观评分等)及辐射剂量。结果 与B组相比,A组CT剂量加权指数(CTDIvol)减少约30.29%,剂量长度乘积(DLP)减少约30.41%,有效剂量(ED)减少约30.36%(P均<0.05)。A组图像噪声高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而2组平扫、增强图像除B组脊柱后方肌肉SNR高于A组(P<0.05)外,平均CT值、SNR、CNR差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),图像质量评分均在4.5分以上,病变检出率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 胸部CT扫描时,联合使用CARE kV和CARE Dose 4D技术,可获得优质图像,并降低辐射剂量。     

低电压技术在基于噪声的低电流扫描冠状动脉CTA中的应用

目的 探讨基于噪声的低电流扫描联合低电压技术对冠状动脉CTA(CCTA)图像质量和辐射剂量的影响。方法 纳入因疑似冠心病而接受CCTA的156例患者,其中常规电压组103例,采用基于噪声的低电流扫描,管电压120 kV;低电压组 53例,低电流扫描同时联合低电压技术,管电压100 kV。比较两组图像质量评分、CT值、噪声、SNR、CNR值及有效辐射剂量的差异。结果 低电压组图像质量评分、CT值、噪声、SNR和CNR值均大于常规电压组(P均<0.05);两组辐射剂量差异无统计学意义。结论 基于噪声的低电流扫描联合低电压技术可实现个性化低剂量扫描,同时提高CCTA图像质量。     

低浓度对比剂结合能谱CT最佳单能量成像对胆囊动脉的显示能力

目的 评价低浓度对比剂结合能谱CT最佳keV成像技术对胆囊动脉的显示能力。方法 前瞻性选取体质量指数为25.15~34.91 kg/m²的90例患者,按照扫描方式和对比剂浓度分为能谱扫描低浓度对比剂组（A组）和常规扫描高浓度对比剂组（B组）。对两组分别测量胆囊动脉、相同层面竖脊肌的CT值及竖脊肌CT值的标准差,计算胆囊动脉与竖脊肌间的CNR和SNR。对胆囊动脉行VR、MIP及CPR。由2名观察者分别独立评价两组重建后的图像质量。对以上指标进行统计学分析,并进行观察者间一致性检验。结果 能谱CT单能量成像显示胆囊动脉的平均最佳keV值为（60.62±5.85）keV。A组胆囊动脉CT值、竖脊肌CT值均高于B组（P均<0.05）,但两组CNR及SNR差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。两名观察者主观评分一致性良好（Kappa=0.804、0.773）,主观评分差异无统计学意义（t=-0.243,P=0.808）。结论 低浓度对比剂结合能谱CT最佳单能量成像技术可提供良好的胆囊动脉的图像质量,并可显著降低对比剂用量。     

优化低剂量一站式全脑CT灌注成像联合CTA扫描方案

目的 探讨优化一站式全脑CT灌注成像（CTP）联合CTA扫描方案。方法 对45例受检者行一站式全脑CTP联合CTA,共进行22期相扫描,并采用3种扫描方案,选取第10期相灌注图像重建CTA图像,其中A组为自动管电流调制（ATCM）技术及低噪声指数（噪声指数=2）,B组为管电流325 mA,C组为ATCM及稍低噪声指数（噪声指数=2.5）;3组其余各期相均采用ATCM技术且噪声指数设定为8;3组扫描方案的管电压均为100 kV。记录辐射剂量相关参数,比较CTA、CTP图像的噪声（SD）、SNR、CNR及不同部位脑实质各灌注参数值及CTA、CTP图像的主观评分。结果 3组有效剂量（ED）差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中A组ED明显高于B、C组（P=0.043、0.001）;3组CTA图像噪声、SNR、CNR及主观评分差异无统计学意义（P=0.218、0.545、0.575、0.900）,CTP图像相应部位图像噪声、SNR、各灌注参数值及主观评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 采用ATCM技术一站式全脑CTP联合CTA检查可通过适当增加噪声指数减低患者辐射剂量。     

大螺距双源CT采用bolus-tracking团注法冠状动脉成像的可行性

目的 评价应用缩短呼吸指令时间的团注示踪法(bolus-tracking)行大螺距双源CT冠状动脉成像(CCTA)获得图像的增强效果及有效辐射剂量.方法 收集临床疑诊为冠状动脉性心脏病的184例患者,随机平均分为两组:A组92例,采用大螺距前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描(Flash Spiral)模式、缩短呼吸指令时间的bolus-t racking法扫描;B组92例,采用测试团注法(test-bolus)扫描.对两组图像的主动脉根部CT值、图像噪声、CNR及有效辐射剂量进行统计学比较.结果 两组图像主动脉根部CT值、图像噪声、CNR间的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).两组触发时、扫描过程中辐射剂量差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 双源CT大螺距前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描CCTA中,采用缩短呼吸指令时间的bolus-tracking法可获得与test-bolus法相近的图像增强效果,而对比剂用量进一步减低.     

Image quality and required radiation dose for coronary computed tomography angiography using an automatic tube potential selection technique

To investigate the image quality and the minimum required radiation dose for automatic tube potential selection (ATPS) in dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Three hundred twenty-five consecutive patients (153 men and 172 women) undergoing CCTA were assigned to either the ATPS group (n = 172) or the control group (n = 153); the control group underwent imaging at a constant current of 120 kV. All patients were scanned in either prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch helical mode or sequential mode. The subjective image quality score, attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol), and effective dose (ED) were compared between the two groups with the Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test. The subjective image quality score was not significantly different between the two groups. Imaging noise and attenuation were both significantly higher in the ATPS group than in the control group (imaging noise: 25.6 ± 7.6 versus 15.8 ± 4.0 HU, P < 0.001; attenuation: 559.6 ± 142.0 versus 412.5 ± 64.3 HU, P < 0.001). SNR and CNR were significantly lower in the ATPS group than in the control group (SNR: 23.21 ± 7.40 versus 27.71 ± 8.25, P < 0.001; CNR: 27.81 ± 8.44 versus 33.94 ± 9.69, P < 0.001). ED was significantly lower in the ATPS group than in the control group (ED: 1.25 ± 1.24 versus 2.19 ± 1.77 mSv, P < 0.001). For both groups, ED was significantly lower in the high-pitch mode than in the sequential mode. The use of ATPS for CCTA significantly reduced the radiation dose while maintaining image quality.     

Evaluation of high-pitch flash scan for pulmonary venous CTA on a 128-slice dual source CT: compared with prospective ECG-triggered sequence scan

To compare the image quality (IQ) and radiation dose of high-pitch scan and prospective ECG-triggered sequence scan on a 128-slice DSCT system for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary venous (PV) CTA was performed with two protocols, including high-pitch scan and prospective ECG-triggered sequence scan. For each protocol, 20 sex, age and body-mass-index (mean 24.2 kg/m²) matched patients were identified. Two experienced radiologists, who were blinded to the scan protocols, independently graded the CT images of the two groups by a 5-point scale for subjective IQ assessment. Measured CT attenuation (Hounsfield units ± standard deviation), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at various anatomic locations were also recorded for objective IQ evaluation. Radiation exposure parameters [dose length product (DLP) and effective radiation dose (ERD)] were compared. Twenty-three patients (57.5 %) showed an ECG pattern of AF in total. Subjective IQ was rated excellent in 100 % for the high-pitch scan group, while minor step artifacts were observed in two patients (10 %) with arrhythmia for the prospective ECG-triggered sequence group. There was no significant difference on IQ, neither by subjective, nor by objective measures (SNR, CNR) between the two groups. The ERD of high-pitch flash scan and prospective ECG-triggered sequence scan were 0.9 (±0.25) and 2.9 (±0.69) mSv, respectively. Significantly lower radiation was achieved by using high-pitch flash scan (P < 0.05). High-pitch flash scan can provide similar subjective and objective IQ compared with prospective ECG-triggered sequence scan for PV CTA, while radiation exposure was significantly reduced.     

宽体探测器CT胰腺轴位灌注“一站式”成像的可行性

目的 探讨Revolution CT胰腺轴位灌注"一站式"成像的可行性。方法 收集接受Revolution CT上腹部轴位CT灌注（CTP）扫描的患者13例（CTP组）,测量胰腺的CTP参数,提取最佳时期CTA及3期增强图像,并记录整个灌注期的辐射剂量。收集同期行全腹3期增强及CTA扫描者18例（对照组）,采用螺旋扫描模式。2组患者胰腺均无病变。评价2名观察者测得各CTP参数和对胰十二指肠上动脉（SPDA）图像主观评分的一致性。比较2组SPDA图像的主观评分和CTA图像SPDA以及3期增强图像胰腺的CT值、图像噪声、CNR和SNR。结果 2名观察者测得CTP参数一致性良好（ICC均>0.75）。灌注期有效辐射剂量为（24.52±0.01）mSv。2名观察者对2组CTA图像SPDA的主观评分结果一致性较好（Kappa=0.629、0.769）,2组评分中位数均为5分;CTP组SPDA的CT值、CNR、SNR均高于对照组（P均<0.05）。CTP组静脉期、平衡期的胰腺CT值、CNR、SNR均高于对照组（P均<0.05）。结论 Revolution CT胰腺轴位灌注"一站式"成像,在获得稳定的胰腺CTP定量数据的同时,可提取图像质量相仿甚至更佳的胰腺3期强化图像,并可获得更优质的胰周CTA图像,有很好的临床应用前景。     

Revolution CT行冠状动脉联合胸腹主动脉成像

目的 观察Revolution CT用于冠状动脉联合胸腹主动脉CT血管造影(CTA)的价值.方法 采用Revolution CT分别对A组、B组、C组各40例疑诊冠状动脉和/或主动脉病变患者行冠状动脉联合胸腹主动脉CTA、常规冠状动脉CTA及常规胸腹主动脉CTA.记录患者有效辐射剂量(ED),比较A组与B组、A组与C组...     

Novel single-source high-pitch protocol for CT angiography of the aorta: comparison to high-pitch dual-source protocol in the context of TAVI planning

Purpose Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly being used for planning purposes prior to trans-arterial valve implantation (TAVI). High-pitch protocols using a 2nd generation dual-source CT (DSCT) allow for a comprehensive assessment of the aortic valve anulus, its distance to the coronary artery ostia, the aortic bulbus and the iliofemoral arteries with very low radiation exposure and low amount of contrast agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the image quality of a comparable high-pitch scan mode in a modern single-source CT (SSCT) system. Methods 40 patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis have been examined for planning purposes prior to TAVI. The first 20 consecutive patients were examined with a 2nd generation DSCT system using a high-pitch scan mode (pitch value 3.4) and 60 ml of contrast agent. The second group of 20 consecutive patients were examined with a 128-slice SSCT system, using a high-pitch scan mode (pitch value of 1.7) and 60 ml of contrast agent. Image quality of the aortic valve, the ascending aorta, the coronary artery ostia, the iliofemoral arteries and overall image quality were graded in a blinded fashion using a 4-point-grading-scale. Furthermore, signal intensity and image noise were derived in the ascending aorta and in the ilio-femoral arteries. Results There was a minor but significant difference in the overall image quality score with lower image quality in SSCT (3.5 ± 0.6) when compared to DSCT (3.85 ± 0.4; p = 0.037). The mean image quality score was significantly higher in patients examined in DSCT when compared to SSCT regarding the evaluability of the coronary ostia (4.0 vs. 3.5; p < 0.01) and the image quality of the ascending aorta (4.0 vs. 3.5; p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in evaluation of the aortic valve and its anulus (3.85 for DSCT and 3.65 for SSCT; p = 0.149) and image quality of the iliofemoral arteries (3.65 for DSCT and 3.85 for SSCT; p = 0.140). Signal intensity and image noise did not differ significantly between both groups. Conclusions This study presents a novel high-pitch protocol for modern SSCT scanners, which allows CT angiography for TAVI planning with a similar radiation dose and contrast agent exposition and only small compromises in image quality compared to a high-pitch protocol on a DSCT scanner.     

基于第3代双源CT模拟婴幼儿颅脑低剂量扫描的实验研究

目的 探讨第3代双源CT低剂量扫描结合高级建模迭代重建（ADMIRE）技术在中华田园犬模拟婴幼儿颅脑CT平扫中的参数优化。方法 分别以不同扫描条件对10只健康中华田园犬颅脑模拟婴幼儿颅脑行颅脑CT平扫,A组管电压100 kV,采用FBP重建;B组和C组管电压分别设定为80 kV和70 kV,采用ADMIRE重建。比较不同扫描条件下3组的辐射剂量、图像质量客观指标（噪声、SNR、CNR）及图像质量主观评分的差异。结果 A、B和C组的有效剂量分别为（0.61±0.12） mSv、（0.33±0.06） mSv和（0.21±0.04） mSv,B组和C组的有效剂量较A组分别减少45.90%和65.57%。3组图像噪声、SNR及CNR的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。A组和B组的图像质量评分均≥ 3分,可满足诊断要求,C组图像质量评分<3分,不能满足诊断要求。结论 根据动物实验结果推测,第3代双源CT 80 kV管电压结合ADMIRE重建可在满足临床诊断要求的同时减少辐射剂量,值得推广。