超声测量肛提肌裂孔面积在女性压力性尿失禁诊断中的应用

目的 探讨经会阴实时三维超声测量不同状态下肛提肌裂孔面积在女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者中的诊断价值。方法 选取女性SUI患者260例作为病例组,60名无症状者经临床及超声检查排除SUI和（或）盆腔器官脱垂作为对照组。对两组受检者均行经会阴实时三维超声检查,分别测量并比较其静息、缩肛及瓦氏状态时的肛提肌裂孔面积,绘制ROC曲线,评估其在SUI中的诊断效能。结果 病例组患者在静息、缩肛、瓦氏状态时肛提肌裂孔面积分别为（13.59±2.82）cm²、（10.94±2.39）cm²、（23.08±7.01）cm²;对照组分别为（11.87±2.30）cm²、（9.75±1.84）cm²、（16.15±4.10）cm²,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。静息、缩肛以及瓦氏状态时肛提肌裂孔面积诊断SUI的临界值分别为13、11、19 cm²,其敏感度分别为49.2%、40.4%、68.8%;特异度分别为80.0%、86.7%、81.7%;曲线下面积分别为0.668、0.637、0.811（P均<0.01）。结论 肛提肌裂孔面积可用于女性SUI的诊断,其中瓦氏状态时肛提肌裂孔面积在女性SUI的诊断中具有较高价值。     

三维超声评价晚孕期女性盆膈裂孔的形态结构

目的 应用三维超声评价晚孕期女性盆膈裂孔形态结构,为妊娠期女性盆底功能障碍(PFD)的诊治提供影像学依据。 方法 选取在我院产科定期产检的单胎妊娠、孕周为30~40周的初次妊娠女性40人(晚孕组);选择同期20例因月经不调、盆腔炎等就诊的未育妇女作为对照组。对所有受检者行三维盆底超声检查,分别观察在静息期、缩肛期、张力期盆膈裂孔的形态结构,测量盆膈裂孔的面积、前后径和左右径,并进行统计学分析。 结果 晚孕组盆膈裂孔的面积、前后径和左右径在静息期、缩肛期和张力期均较对照组明显增大(P均<0.05)。与静息期相比,两组盆膈裂孔的三个参数在缩肛期均减小而在张力期均增大(P均<0.05)。晚孕组超声异常表现包括盆膈裂孔明显增大,形态为"类椭圆形",盆膈裂孔中轴线偏移。 结论 三维超声能有效评价妊娠期女性盆膈裂孔的形态结构。晚孕期女性的盆膈裂孔较未育妇女明显增大,部分存在形态或位置异常。     

三维超声检查盆膈裂孔面积与尿失禁的关系探讨

探讨通过经会阴三维超声评价压力性尿失禁患者与正常对照者在静息状态、缩肛状态和用力状态下盆隔裂孔面积与尿失禁的关系。选择收治的压力尿失禁患者55例为尿失禁组,同期55例健康者为健康组,两组均行经会阴三维超声检查,不同状态下进行盆底容积扫描及多断面成像。对其在静息状态、张力状态以及缩肛状态时的盆底盆隔裂孔前后径、盆底盆隔裂孔横径、耻骨内脏肌厚度及盆隔裂孔面积情况进行对比。两组均能良好配合,顺利完成检查,两组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义。无论是在静息状态、张力还是缩肛动作状态时,尿失禁组的盆底盆隔裂孔前后径、盆底盆隔裂孔横径、盆隔裂孔面积均大于健康组、耻骨内脏肌厚度小于健康组。差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经会阴三维超声可良好评价盆隔裂孔面积与尿失禁的关系,盆隔裂孔面积与尿失禁发生率呈正比,盆隔裂孔面积也可用于尿失禁治疗疗效评价。     

会阴三维超声观察生育后无盆底功能障碍女性盆膈裂孔的形态结构

目的 探讨会阴三维超声在观察生育后无盆底功能障碍女性盆膈裂孔结构及形态上的应用价值.方法 应用三维超声容积探头对35例生育后无盆底功能障碍女性患者经会阴部扫描,以矢状面取耻骨联合内下缘、直肠肛管连接部及尿道的平面,重建三维超声图像,观察盆膈裂孔的结构及形态.结果 35例受检者矢状面均能显示耻骨联合、膀胱、尿道及直肠肛管...     

盆底器官脱垂女性盆膈裂孔的三维超声影像学观察

目的 应用三维超声观察盆底器官脱垂女性盆膈裂孔的形态、结构,探讨三维超声技术评估盆底器官脱垂的应用价值。方法 选取40例盆底器官脱垂女性;同期选择30例未孕、未产的健康妇女作为对照组。两组患者均行经会阴盆底三维超声检查,观察并比较各组妇女的盆膈裂孔的形态、结构、组成及大小。结果 与正常组相比,盆底器官脱垂患者盆膈裂孔形态和结构有明显的差异,表现为盆膈裂孔明显增大,形态由正常的菱形变为类圆形,盆膈裂孔中轴线偏移,裂孔内器官排列有异常,裂孔内结缔组织有缺损表现。结论 三维超声能够有效地对女性盆底结构进行观察,盆底器官脱垂患者存在盆膈裂孔形态和结构的异常。     

盆底超声检测产后压力性尿失禁患者肛提肌损伤的回顾性分析

目的 通过盆底三维超声检查探索女性分娩后压力性尿失禁与肛提肌损伤的相关性 方法 选取符合纳入排出标准的产后压力性尿失禁患者、产后单纯前盆腔器官脱垂（anterior-pelvic organ prolapsed, POP）及产后盆底正常女性患者,采用盆底三维超声联合TUI技术检查测量静息状态下及Valsalva动作后三组患者肛提肌裂孔的前后径、横径及肛提肌裂孔面积,观察肛提肌裂孔及周边肌肉形态,并对各项指标进行统计学分析 结果 产后压力性尿失禁患者在静息状态下肛提肌裂孔前后径、横径相较于两组对照差异不明显,但valsalva动作后尤其是前后径差异明显变大;压力性尿失禁患者无论在静息状态和valsalva动作后,肛提肌裂孔面积相较其他两组都有明显的变大。应用TUI观察,压力性尿失禁患者发生肛提肌撕裂的比例相较其他两组增加 结论 肛提肌损伤、肛提肌裂孔面积的改变与压力性尿失禁的发生有明确的相关性     

妊娠晚期女性盆膈裂孔结构及大小的三维超声观察

目的 应用盆底三维超声观察妊娠晚期女性盆膈裂孔大小变化情况,为研究妊娠与盆底功能障碍性疾病之间的关系提供影像学依据.方法 对20例正常未育女性及40例晚孕女性进行盆底三维超声检查,获得盆膈裂孔声像图,测量盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径和面积并进行两组对比,比较晚孕尿失禁组和晚孕无尿失禁组的盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径和面积.结果 晚孕组盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径、面积均较正常未育组大(均P＜0.05).晚孕尿失禁组和晚孕无尿失禁组间盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径、面积无明显差别(均P＞0.05).结论 盆底三维超声是一种有效的观察妊娠期女性盆底支持系统的影像学方法.

Abstract：

Objective To study the variation of the urogenital hiatus dimension in late pregnancy women by three-dimensional(3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography,to provide imaging evidence in the study of the relationship between pregnancy and pelvic floor dysfunction diseases.Methods Twenty nulliparas and forty late pregnancy women were examined by 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography to obtain the image of urogenital hiatus in which anteroposterior diameter of urogenital hiatus (AP),left to right diameter of urogenital hiatus (LR) and area of urogenital hiatus (HA) were measured and compared.AP,LR and HA were also compared between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom.Results AP,LR and HA in late pregnancy women were greater than those in nulliparas(all P ＜0.05) and had no difference between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe pelvic support in pregnancy women.     

经会阴三维超声对正常未育妇女盆膈裂孔的研究

目的通过经会阴三维超声对正常未育妇女盆膈裂孔的观察,探讨盆腔器官下降与Valsalva动作时盆膈裂孔面积之间的关系。方法选择年龄20~36岁未育妇女65例,应用经会阴三维超声获取静息状态及Valsalva动作时盆膈裂孔容积数据成像。离线分析测量肛提肌平均厚度(Tm-PR),盆膈裂孔前后径(AP)、左右径(LR)、面积(HA)及盆腔器官至耻骨联合下缘的距离。结果①静息状态下肛提肌的厚度为0.58~1.15 cm[平均(0.89±0.13)cm],Valsalva动作时其厚度为0.56~1.11 cm[平均(0.76±0.11)cm];静息状态下AP、LR及HA分别为3.31~5.31 cm[平均(4.56±0.54)cm]、3.03~4.29 cm[平均(3.62±0.36)cm]、7.16~15.64 cm2[平均(12.59±2.77)cm2];Valsalva动作时AP、LR及HA分别为3.62~6.40 cm[平均(5.25±0.89)cm]、3.32~4.77 cm[平均(3.92±0.45)cm]、7.40~28.51 cm2[平均(15.70±4.68)cm2];②Valsalva动作时AP、LR及HA均较静息状态下增大,肛提肌平均厚度较静息状态下减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);③膀胱颈、宫颈及直肠壶腹部下降与HA的相关系数分别为0.682、0.484、0.487,呈中度相关(P0.05)。结论盆腔器官下降与Valsalva动作时HA呈中度相关;经会阴三维超声对盆膈裂孔各参数的测量可靠性高、重复性好,是观察女性盆底结构的一种有效的新影像学技术。     

妊娠晚期女性盆膈裂孔结构及大小的三维超声观察

Objective To study the variation of the urogenital hiatus dimension in late pregnancy women by three-dimensional(3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography,to provide imaging evidence in the study of the relationship between pregnancy and pelvic floor dysfunction diseases.Methods Twenty nulliparas and forty late pregnancy women were examined by 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography to obtain the image of urogenital hiatus in which anteroposterior diameter of urogenital hiatus (AP),left to right diameter of urogenital hiatus (LR) and area of urogenital hiatus (HA) were measured and compared.AP,LR and HA were also compared between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom.Results AP,LR and HA in late pregnancy women were greater than those in nulliparas(all P ＜0.05) and had no difference between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe pelvic support in pregnancy women.     

Z评分在评价盆膈裂孔扩张性能中的价值

目的探讨Z-评分在评价盆膈裂孔扩张性能中的临床应用价值。方法选取排除盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的202例女性(对照组),应用三维盆底超声测量其静息期盆膈裂孔参数(盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径及面积)并以此为自变量,检测张力期盆膈裂孔参数以此为因变量进行线性回归分析,根据结果确定评价盆膈裂孔扩张性能参数并建立Z评分模型。测量259例POP女性(POP组)的张力期盆膈裂孔参数并将其导入Z评分模型评价其扩张程度。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检验Z评分的统计学价值。结果对照组女性的张力期与静息期盆膈裂孔面积具有较好的相关性(r=0.74,P<0.05),以盆膈裂孔面积参数建立的Z评分模型为:Z评分=(实际观测值-17.37)/3.00,POP组Z评分值大于对照组,且随着POP程度增加而增大,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线验证Z评分模型诊断盆膈裂孔异常扩张具有较高的敏感性和特异性,当Z评分截断值为0.86时,诊断Ⅱ度POP敏感性和特异性分别为0.90、0.80;Z评分诊断截断值为1.83时,诊断Ⅲ度POP的敏感性和特异性分别为0.89与0.96。结论Z评分能科学定量评价盆膈裂孔扩张性,当Z评分≥0.86时,可判定为盆膈裂孔异常扩张。     

未育女性盆膈裂孔和耻骨内脏肌生物力学的三维超声评估

目的应用经会阴三维超声动态观察未育女性盆膈裂孔,探讨其评估耻骨内脏肌生物力学的可行性。方法使用经会阴三维超声观察60例未育正常女性,分别在静息状态、Valsalva状态及缩肛状态下测量分析盆膈裂孔三维超声生物力学参数。结果60例未育女性的盆底结构均得以清晰显示。在静息状态至Valsalva状态的转变过程中,盆膈裂孔左右径、前后径、面积及周长均增大（P〈0．05）,耻骨内脏肌角度增大,耻骨内脏肌拉伸、变薄（P〈0．05）,应变值为（19．95±8．32）％;而在静息状态至缩肛状态的转变过程中,盆底内部结构变得更加紧凑致密,盆膈裂孔左右径、前后径、面积及周长均明显缩小（P〈0．05）,耻骨内脏肌角度增大,耻骨内脏肌缩短、变厚（P〈0．05）,应变值为（-19．01±6．43）％。结论经会阴三维超声能动态观察女性盆膈裂孔变化,并可评估耻骨内脏肌的延展性、收缩性等生物力学指标。     

经会阴三维超声评价女性盆底功能障碍疾病的诊断价值

目的应用经会阴三维超声观察女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)患者术前及术后盆膈裂孔的形态结构改变。方法选取盆底功能障碍患者(PFD组)和妇科良性疾病患者各60例,经会阴三维超声观测对照组、PFD组术前及术后3~6个月静息期、缩肛期及张力期盆膈裂孔大小、形态结构。结果 PFD组术前的盆膈裂孔面积较对照组增大,其结构松散,形态呈圆形,PFD组术后3~6个月后盆膈裂孔面积较术前减小,结构较前完整,其内可显示强回声植入性材料。PFD组术前在静息期、缩肛期及张力期盆膈裂孔面积、前后径、左右径、耻骨直肠肌厚度均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);PFD组术后在静息期、缩肛期及张力期盆膈裂孔面积、前后径、左右径均较术前减少,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),但耻骨直肠肌厚度均无统计学意义。结论经会阴三维超声对盆膈裂孔的大小和肛提肌厚度能进行简便、准确地测量,对PFD患者的临床诊断、手术前后功能评估及术后植入性材料形态观察具有重要的应用价值。     

Effects of yoga on the intervention of levator ani hiatus in postpartum women: a prospective study

[Purpose] This study aimed to explore the application value of yoga intervention in early postpartum recovery of the levator ani muscle hiatus (LAH) area. [Participants and Methods] Females in natural labor from May 2020 to November 2020 in the Third People’s Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Ultrasound Research Center were prospectively included for a pelvic ultrasound examination. The control group received no intervention. The experimental group received 60-min yoga once a week from week 1 to week 12 postpartum. A pelvic ultrasound examination was performed on the week 6 and week 12 postpartum. The LAH area was measured at rest, during contraction and Valsalva maneuver. [Results] A total of 128 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to the control group (n=66) and the experimental group (n=62) in pre and post intervention design. No significant differences were found in age, parity, body mass index, and fetal weight between the control and experimental groups. Further, no significant difference was observed in the LAH area between the control and experimental groups at rest, during contraction and Valsalva maneuver on the week 6 postpartum. However, the LAH area in experimental group significantly reduced at rest, during contraction and Valsalva maneuver on the week 12 postpartum. The differences of LAH area (date week 6 minus date week 12) in the control group at rest, during contraction and Valsalva maneuver were 0.12 ± 3.12 cm², 0.80 ± 2.29 cm², and 0.80 ± 4.22 cm², while in the control these were 1.95 ± 3.41 cm², 1.39 ± 1.91 cm², and 3.81 ± 5.49 cm², respectively. Compared with control group, the differences of LAH area significantly increased in experimental group at rest and during Valsalva maneuver. [Conclusion] Yoga intervention can help in the recovery of LAH.     

Ultrasonic evaluation of urethrovesical junction in women with stress urinary incontinence

An ultrasonic evaluation of the bladder base and urethrovesical junction, at rest and during stress, using a transrectal probe, was performed on 24 continent and 67 incontinent patients. Forty-four of the incontinent patients had clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence and 23 patients had detrusor instability incontinence. Thirty-eight of the 44 patients (86%) with urodynamically and urethroscopically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence and a weak urethral sphincter had a urethrovesical junction (UVJ) drop during stress of greater than or equal to 1 cm (mean 1.3 cm +/- 0.6 cm), as demonstrated on transrectal ultrasonic evaluation. All 23 patients with detrusor instability and 22 of the 24 continent (control) patients had UVJ drop on straining of less than 1 cm (mean 0.48 cm +/- 0.23 cm and 0.54 cm +/- 0.29 cm, respectively, p less than 0.05). The sensitivity of ultrasonic evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence (when 1-cm drop of UVJ is considered as the upper boundary of normal) was 86% and the specificity was 91%. This ultrasound technique is quick, simple, and appears to be accurate. We believe this technique should be considered in the preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence.     

56例中年女性尿失禁患者的尿流动力学分析

目的 研究中年女性(35～55岁)尿失禁患者的尿流动力学变化,提高相应诊治水平.方法 对56例尿失禁的中年女性患者进行尿流动力学研究,并与正常对照组(17例)比较.结果 56例患者中压力性(SUI)尿失禁患者为33例(58.93％)(SUI组)、急迫性(UUI)尿失禁患者为9例(16.07％)(UUI组)、混合性(SUI/UUI)尿失禁患者为14例(25.00％)(SUI/UUI组).SUI组患者最大尿流率(Qmax)(27.72±5.21)ml/s高于正常对照组(20.45±7.15)ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);UUI组的膀胱初感容量(FS)、正常排尿感觉(ND)、强烈排尿感觉(SD)、急迫排尿感觉(UD)与正常对照组[(135.65±42.73)ml与(132.70±40.65)ml、(166.24±51.42)ml与(160.70±50.44)ml、(315.75±42.34)ml与(320.75±42.34)ml、(320.24±45.03)ml与(335.75±51.98)ml]比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);SUI组及SUI/UUI组患者测得Valsalva漏尿点压力(ALPP)[(62.29±25.40)cm H2O与(88.30±28.54)cm H2O]比较差异有统计学意义(t=13.041,P＜0.05);SUI组患者的最大尿流率时逼尿肌压(Pdet-Qmax)、最大尿道压(MUP)及最大尿道闭合压(MUCP)明显低于正常对照组[(24.29±6.24)cm H2O与(34.45±8.20)cm H2O、(68.20±18.27)cm H2O与(87.14±17.26)cm H2O、(74.24±35.75)cm H2O与(90.66±30.10)cm H2O]差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 中年女性尿失禁患者具有较大患者群体,其分类较为复杂,尿流动力学检查对于明确其诊断及选择正确治疗方法,提高疗效具有重要指导意义.     

经会阴盆底超声联合剪切波弹性成像测量肛提肌诊断女性压力性尿失禁

目的 观察经会阴盆底超声联合肛提肌（LAM）剪切波弹性成像（SWE）诊断女性压力性尿失禁（SI）的价值。方法 对32例SI患者（SI组）和34名已育健康女性（对照组）行经会阴盆底常规超声及SWE检查,获取静息状态及最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作下LAM弹性模量最大值（E_max）和平均值（E_mean）及其最大值的差值（△E_max）和平均值的差值（△E_mean）;行Logistic回归分析,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,观察LAM各弹性模量值诊断SI的效能。结果 SI组与对照组间月经状况、尿道漏斗形成情况、BND及LAM厚度差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。SI组LAM的△E_max和△E_mean均小于对照组（P均<0.05）。静息状态下,SI组与对照组LAM的E_max和E_mean差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;最大瓦尔萨尔瓦动作下,SI组LAM的E_max和E_mean均小于对照组（P均<0.05）,且SI组及对照组LAM的E_max和E_mean均大于静息状态下（P均<0.05）。以21.40 kPa为截断值,△E_max诊断SI的敏感度和特异度分别为80.40%和71.90%;以18.80 kPa为截断值,△E_mean的敏感度和特异度分别为85.60%和85.00%,均大于△E_max（P均<0.05）。尿道漏斗形成情况、BND和△E_mean是SI的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 经会阴盆底超声联合SWE 测量LAM有助于诊断女性SI;△E_mean<18.80 kPa可提示SI。     

无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的 探讨无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法 30例女性压力性尿失禁患者行经阴道TVT。结果 随访3-31个月，平均21．8个月。术后拔除导尿管后尿失禁症状均得到控制，1例术后6个月再次出现尿失禁症状。2例术后出现排尿困难，分别于3周和2个月后恢复正常排尿。4例术后有尿频、尿急的症状。结论 TVT术操作简单、安全，效果好。