牛磺酸对实验性肝纤维化大鼠保护作用的研究

[目的]研究牛磺酸（Tau）对实验性肝纤维大鼠肝组织的保护作用。[方法]将120只实验用大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、牛磺酸低（150 mg/kg）、中（300 mg/kg）、高（600 mg/kg）剂量组和复方鳖甲软肝片540 mg/kg组,每组20只;采用CCl₄复合法制备肝硬化门静脉高压大鼠模型,灌胃给药治疗4周后,测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶门冬氨酸（ALT）、氨基转移酶（AST）和总胆红素（TBIL）含量,测定血清中肝纤四项（CⅣ、PCⅢ、LN、HA）含量,HE染色法观察肝脏组织形态结构变化并对肝组织细胞坏死和组织增生进行分级;通过天狼星染色观察肝脏组织纤维化状况;测定抗氧化酶（SOD、GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定血清中炎症细胞因子IL-10、TNF-α含量。[结果]与模型组相比,牛磺酸中、高剂量组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBIL含量和CⅣ、PCⅢ、HA含量均显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,高剂量组LN含量显著降低（P<0.05）;牛磺酸各剂量组大鼠肝组织纤维化病变呈不同程度改善,以高剂量组效果最为显著;牛磺酸中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织SOD、GSH-Px活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,血清中IL-10、TNF-α含量显著降低。[结论]牛磺酸对实验性肝纤维化大鼠具有保护作用,其机制可能与牛磺酸能够有效保肝降酶、抑制氧化应激反应和炎症反应、改善肝功能有关。     

金三莪对实验性肝纤维化大鼠TGF-β1、Smad3、Smad7及CTGF表达的影响

[目的]观察中药金三莪抗四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝纤维化的疗效及作用机制。[方法]将50只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、模型对照组、中药治疗1组及2组,于造模第1周及第4周开始用金三莪治疗。免疫组化技术检测转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad3、Smad7及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在肝内表达及其在细胞中的定位,肝组织电镜检查,放射免疫法检测血清透明质酸(HA)含量。[结果]经中药金三莪治疗后肝纤维化大鼠肝组织内TGF-β1、Smad3及CTGF表达降低,而Smad7的表达增加,TGF-β1、Smad3及CTGF的免疫阳性反应信号主要位于纤维间隔中的细胞浆,Smad7则主要在肝细胞浆表达。电镜检查中药治疗组大鼠肝细胞结构趋于正常,纤维组织变薄。模型组血清HA含量明显高于正常组(P<0.01),中药治疗1、2组血清HA含量明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。[结论]中药金三莪能有效地减轻四氯化碳诱导肝纤维化大鼠的损伤及纤维化程度,其机制可能是抑制肝内TGF-β1、Smad3及CTGF并促进Smad7表达。     

血清肝纤维化指标在临床上的应用评价

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)含量与肝纤维化的关系。方法采用ELISA法分别检测91例急性乙型肝炎、慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清HA、PCⅢ、LN、Ⅳ-C含量,设30例正常人作为对照组。结果慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清HA、PCⅢ、LN、Ⅳ-C含量比对照组明显升高(P均<0.01)。但急性肝炎与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论血清HA、PCⅢ、LN、Ⅳ-C含量反映肝纤维化程度,联合检测有助于乙肝病的分型、病情预后及疗效的动态观察。     

血清四项指标对肝纤维化的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),层粘蛋白(LN)联合检测对肝纤维化的诊断价值。方法 用放射免疫法检测72例急慢性肝病患者的血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C和LN水平。结果 血清中HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C和LN的水平在急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎依次升高,肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎明显高于急性肝炎(P<0.05)。结论 测定血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN水平对肝纤维化有较大诊断价值。     

葛花醒酒汤抑制小鼠乙醇性肝纤维化的实验研究

[目的]研究葛花醒酒汤对小鼠肝纤维化模型星形细胞活化、转型和血清Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PⅢP)、层粘连蛋白(LN)水平的影响,探讨葛花醒酒汤对小鼠乙醇性肝纤维化的防治作用。[方法]将60只小鼠随机分成对照组10只、模型组25只,治疗组25只,采用白酒灌胃[60°白酒,0.015mL/20(g·d)]的方法建立小鼠肝纤维化模型,12周末处死小鼠,观察肝组织病理形态改变;免疫组化法检测肝组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、Desmin的表达;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测血清PⅢP、LN水平变化。[结果]与对照组比较,模型组肝组织GFAP、Desmin表达增加(P<0.01),血清PⅢP、LN水平升高(P<0.05),纤维组织增生较明显。和模型组比较,治疗组肝组织GFAP、Desmin表达减少(P<0.01),血清PⅢP、LN水平降低(P<0.05),纤维组织增生不明显。[结论]葛花醒酒汤可以有效抑制小鼠乙醇性肝纤维化的发生和发展。     

血清HA、LN、CPⅢ和Ⅳ-C测定在160例肝纤维化患者诊断过程中的应用

目的探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)在肝纤维化诊断中的应用价值。方法采用放射免疫分析法(R IA)检测160型慢性乙型病毒性患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平,并与肝组织活检纤维化程度进行相关性分析。结果各组慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平均高于正常对照组(p<0.05),与肝纤维化活动水平及程度呈密切正相关(p<0.01)。结论血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平能较好地反映乙型病毒性肝炎的慢性化程度和肝纤维化的活动水平及程度,联合检测可明显提高肝纤维化诊断的准确性和可靠性。     

血清HA LN CPⅢ和Ⅳ-C测定在肝纤维化诊断中的应用

目的探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)在肝纤维化诊断中的应用价值.方法采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测150例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平,并与肝组织活检纤维化程度进行相关性分析.结果各组慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平均高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),与肝纤维化活动水平及程度呈密切正相关(P＜0.01).结论血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平能较好地反映乙型病毒性肝炎的慢性化程度和肝纤维化的活动水平及程度,联合检测可明显提高肝纤维化诊断的准确性和可靠性.     

肝硬化患者血脂含量与肝纤维化的关系

目的探讨肝硬化患者血脂含量与患者预后、肝纤维化的关系。方法检测111例肝硬化患者的血清白蛋白、胆红素、凝血酶原时间、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ胶原(Ⅳ-C)、层粘蛋白(LN)及血脂;计算Child-pugh记分;比较Child-pugh分级C级患者死亡组与生存组血脂及肝纤维化指标水平。结果C级患者血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C与A级间差别均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。TC与HA,HDL-c与PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C及HA,apoA1与PCⅢ及HA,apoA1/B与PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C及HA均呈负相关。死亡组HDL-c、apoB、PCⅢ、HA较生存组升高(P<0.05)。结论血脂低水平、肝纤维化指标升高提示肝硬化患者病情加重或死亡,反之预示肝硬化患者的病情较轻、预后较好。     

放射免疫法血清学指标对慢性乙肝患者肝纤维化诊断的评价

目的评价放射免疫法（RIA）检测血清层黏连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）的诊断价值,为临床选择灵敏、特异的肝纤维化检测方法提供理论依据。方法应用放射免疫法检测119例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中层黏连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）的血清学含量;对肝穿刺活检标本进行病理组织学检查,包括HE染色、网状纤维染色及肝纤维化病理分期等;采用Spearman等级相关分析比较各血清指标检测结果与其相对应乙肝患者肝纤维化病理分期的关系。结果 LN、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C与肝组织纤维化病理分期的等级相关系数分别为0.073（P=0.390）、0.260（P=0.002）、0.138（P=0.104）、0.120（P=0.156）。结论血清肝纤维化放射免疫法的检测结果除HA外,LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C的血清学水平与慢性乙肝患者肝纤维化的病理分期无相关性。     

血清透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、纤维连接蛋白及层粘蛋白对肝纤维化的诊断价值

目的探讨多项血清指标联合检测对诊断肝纤维化的价值.方法用放免法和速率散射比浊法测定26例正常人和73例急、慢性肝病患者的血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、层粘蛋白(LN).结果HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C随肝纤维化程度而增高(P<0.01～0.05),慢活肝、肝硬化均较正常组和慢纤肝显著增高(P<0.01～0.05),HA、PCⅢ在急性肝炎是即有升高,LN在急肝、慢肝、肝硬化均高于正常组(P<0.01),FN则低于正常组(P<0.01).5项指标的变化均与γ球蛋白、A/G显著相关(P<0.01～0.05).结论测定血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN和FN水平和肝纤维化有较大诊断价值,HA和PCⅢ最敏感.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.