PASCAL激光一次性全视网膜光凝治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的：：探讨模式化激光扫描( pattern scan laser,PASCAL)激光一次性完成全视网膜光凝( pan-retinal photocoagulation, PRP)治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的疗效及优势。方法：临床检查确诊的 PDR 患者28例42眼纳入研究。其中,视力≥0.1者36眼,<0.1者6眼;伴黄斑水肿者11眼。所有患眼均经PASCAL激光一次性完成 PRP 治疗。伴黄斑水肿者联合应用 PASCAL 单点模式和/或黄斑模式。随访时间1a,观察治疗前后视力、眼底、FFA、OCT、视野的变化情况。结果：选取的42眼患者治疗过程中均无明显疼痛不适。视力提高、稳定、下降者分别为6、28、8眼;视网膜新生血管消退18眼(43%);视网膜新生血管病灶稳定12眼(29%);视网膜新生血管病灶活动12眼(29%)。随访期间5眼(12%)因玻璃体积血行玻璃体切割手术治疗。治疗后黄斑中心凹厚度及视野平均光阈值敏感度与治疗前相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：应用PASCAL多点模式一次性完成PRP治疗PDR安全、有效、便利。     

Standard coaxial phaco microincision cataract surgery: a corneal endothelium study

To assess whether the new microincision cataract surgery (MICS) induces less endothelium damages than the standard coaxial phacoemulsification. · METHODS: Two hundred consecutive patients affected by age-related cataract were randomly assigned to undergo phacoemulsification using either standard coaxial phaco (SCP) or MICS. Central cornea and 12 o'clock endothelial cell count, cell size variation coefficient, percentage of hexagonality and central cornea thickness were measured before and up to one year after surgery. · RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-three patients completed the trial. At the one-year follow-up visit, the loss of endothelium cells was 6.5204% in the MICS group and 8.726% in the SCP group (P <0.00005). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of coefficient of variation in cell size, percentage of hexagonal cells, corneal thickness the day after surgery and variation of endothelial cell density measured both at the incision site and at the central cornea. In patients with hard cataracts, the increase in endothelial cell density loss was higher indepen- dently of the procedure. · CONCLUSION: MICS induces a significant lower endothelial cell density loss than SCP.     

Pascal模式扫描光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的: 探讨Pattern Scan Laser(Pascal)模式扫描光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察。方法: 临床对93例186眼重度非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者,治疗前后均做视力、FFA、OCT视野等相关检查。随机分治疗组48例96眼,采用Pascal模式扫描光凝一次完成全视网膜光凝治疗,同时设对照组45例90眼采用多波长氪离子常规全视网膜光凝,分4～5次治疗。结果: 治疗组视力提高总有效率为85.4%,对照组总有效率为82.2%,两组总有效率比较无统计学意义;但治疗组激光术后视野光敏感度无明显下降,而对照则显著降低,术后视功能恢复较对照组好。结论: Pascal模式扫描光凝治疗治疗糖尿病视网膜病变临床疗效优于单纯的全视网膜光凝,具有治疗后视野无明显下降、治疗时间明显缩短和疼痛感小的优点。     

晶状体超声乳化吸出联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴有白内障的疗效

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴白内障的疗效。方法开角型青光眼及慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障共35例（52眼）。行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,比较分析手术前后的视力、眼压控制及术后滤泡形成情况。结果术后矫正视力≥0．3者41眼（78．85％）,比术前视力≥0．3者（3眼,5．77％）明显增多。术后随访至少6个月平均眼压（14．71±4．01）mmHg,无需使用降眼压药物。术后功能型滤过泡47眼（90．38％）。无严重并发症发生。结论晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是一种安全、有效、便捷的治疗青光眼合并白内障的联合手术。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除的观察

目的探讨闭角型青光眼合并白内障行超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术的临床效果。方法对96例闭角型青光眼合并白内障行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,观察术后视力、眼压、房角、眼底改变。随访时间为术后1～6月。结果术后视力、眼压、房角均较术前改善,眼底照相、视野检查未发现进一步视神经损害。术后一过性浅前房11例,眼压控制稳定,无高眼压者。89例术后无需继续用药,7例术后仅需少量用药。结论白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的有效方法。     

短脉冲模式扫描激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的 观察短脉冲模式扫描激光（PASCAL）系统全视网膜激光光凝（PRP）（PASCAL-PRP）治疗糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的疗效。方法 临床检查确诊的DR患者43例70只眼纳入研究。其中,男性19例32只眼,女性24例38只眼;年龄45～77岁。视力≥0.1者62只眼,＜0.1者8只眼;伴黄斑水肿者18只眼。严重非增生型DR（NPDR）28只眼,增生型DR（PDR）42只眼。所有患眼均行1次PASCAL-PRP治疗。伴黄斑水肿者应用PASCAL单点模式和黄斑模式(MAC A+MAC B)。观察治疗后1年患眼视力、视网膜新生血管、黄斑水肿改善情况。结果 70只眼中,视力提高、稳定、下降者分别为10、53、7只眼;黄斑水肿改善、加重、稳定者分别为38、12、20只眼。PDR 42只眼中,视网膜新生血管消退20只眼;视网膜新生血管病灶稳定11只眼;视网膜新生血管病灶活动11只眼。视网膜新生血管病灶活动者,随访期间给予1～2次补充激光光凝治疗。其中因玻璃体积血、出现增生牵拉行玻璃体切割手术治疗3只眼。结论 PASCAL可以选择多种模式治疗DR安全有效。     

超声乳化及IOL植入联合小梁切除术治疗年龄相关性白内障合并急性PACG

目的：探讨微切口超声乳化术及超薄人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗年龄相关性白内障合并急性原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)的疗效。

方法：回顾性研究。选择2017-01/2020-07我院收治的年龄相关性白内障合并急性PACG患者85例85眼,根据患者手术方案分为对照组(39例39眼)行1.8mm微切口超声乳化术并植入超薄人工晶状体,研究组(46例46眼)行1.8mm微切口超声乳化术并植入超薄人工晶状体联合小梁切除术。比较两组患者术前,术后1、3、6mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、前房角宽度分级、角膜内皮细胞数目、手术并发症。

结果：术后1、3、6mo,两组患者BCVA(LogMAR)和眼压均较术前降低(均P<0.05),且研究组患者(LogMAR)和眼压均低于对照组(均P<0.05); 两组患者前房角宽度分级NⅠ级占比上升、N Ⅳ级占比下降(P<0.05),且研究组的NⅠ级占比高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组间患者角膜内皮细胞数目无差异(P>0.05)、并发症发生率比较无差异(28% vs 26%; P>0.05)。

结论：行1.8 mm微切口超声乳化术并植入超薄人工晶状体联合小梁切除术治疗年龄相关性白内障合并急性PACG可以显著降低眼压,改善青光眼对视力损害,且对角膜内皮细胞损伤小。     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:对闭角型青光眼并白内障36例46眼行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除手术治疗。术前、术后分别详细记录患者视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、房角及眼底情况。结果:术后随访3mo～2a,43眼(93.5%)视力较术前明显提高,44眼(95.7%)眼压保持在正常范围,术后眼压<21mmHg。35例46眼患者前房深度术前平均为2.1±0.3mm,术后平均3.8±0.4mm,术后所有患者前房深度均加深,术前关闭的前房角也有不同程度的开放。6眼(13.0%)角膜水肿,无角膜内皮失代偿。结论:合并白内障的闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术安全有效,能够有效降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角,提高视力。     

超声乳化术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障临床观察

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼的安全性和有效性。方法 38例(38眼)青光眼合并白内障患者，房角关闭小于1／2者单纯施行白内障超声乳化摘出及折叠式人工晶状体植入术，房角关闭大于1／2者施行角巩膜分开切口白内障超声乳化摘出及折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术。结果 38例术后3个月眼压均控制在正常范围内，平均眼压为14．2mmHg，全部病例视力较术前提高，视力≥0．5者20眼(52．6％)．未发生严重并发症。结论 白内障超声乳化术在闭角型青光眼患者治疗中具有安全、视力恢复较好较快、降眼压效果确实、并发症少的优点。     

三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床观察

目的:观察白内障超声乳化吸出、后房人工晶状体植入和小梁切除联合手术(以下简称三联手术)治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:应用三联手术对62例68眼青光眼合并白内障进行手术治疗,观察视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症。结果:随访6～50mo,术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后眼压能控制在正常范围。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术(三联手术)治疗青光眼合并白内障能够较好的控制眼压,并能恢复较好的视力,并发症少。     

超声乳化吸出与小梁切除双切口联合手术的临床观察

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入与小梁切除双切口联合手术的临床效果。方法原发性开角型及闭角型青光眼合并白内障30例(35眼),行双切口联合手术,即分别做颞侧透明角膜的白内障切口及上方巩膜的小梁切除术的巩膜切口。分析手术前后的视力、眼压控制以及术后滤泡形成情况。结果术后矫正视力≥0.3者28眼(80.00%),比术前视力≥0.3的眼数(2眼)明显增多。术后平均眼压(13.35±2.03)mmHg。术后功能型滤过泡32眼(91.43%)。无严重并发症发生。结论超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入与小梁切除双切口联合手术是一种安全、有效、便捷的治疗青光眼合并白内障的手术方式。     

The long-term effects of laser photocoagulation treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy: the early treatment diabetic retinopathy follow-up study

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term natural history and effects of laser photocoagulation treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. DESIGN: Follow-up study of the 214 surviving patients enrolled originally at the Johns Hopkins Clinical Center for the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), which was a clinical trial designed to evaluate the role of laser photocoagulation and aspirin treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Clinical Center had complete eye examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity measurements, fundus photographs, and medical questionnaires throughout the 7-year study. They had the same examinations at the final long-term follow-up visit at the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 13 to 19.5 years after the initial laser photocoagulation (median, 16.7 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The major outcomes were mortality and the rates of moderate and severe vision loss. The secondary outcomes were progression of diabetic retinopathy and need for other eye surgery. RESULTS: Of the 214 patients who were alive at the end of the original ETDRS in 1989, 130 (61%) were deceased at the time of the re-examination. Of the 84 who were alive, 71 (85%) were examined at their long-term follow-up visit at the National Institutes of Health. At the long-term follow-up examination, 42% had visual acuity of 20/20 or better, and 84% had visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the better eye. Compared with baseline, 20% of patients had moderate vision loss (loss of 3 lines or more vision) in the better eye at follow-up. Only one patient had visual acuity of 20/200 bilaterally. He had visual acuity loss secondary to age-related macular degeneration. No patient had severe vision loss (worse than 5/200). All the initially untreated eyes of patients who had severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse by the time of the ETDRS closeout visit of the original study received scatter photocoagulation treatment. Focal photocoagulation was performed in 43% bilaterally and 22% unilaterally. Cataract surgery was performed in 31% of the patients, vitrectomy in 17%, and glaucoma surgery in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: As previously reported, the mortality rate of patients with diabetic retinopathy is much higher than that of the general population. For those who survived, aggressive follow-up, with treatment when indicated, seems to be associated with maintenance of good long-term visual acuity for most patients. The need for laser scatter photocoagulation with long-term follow-up seems to be high.     

超乳联合房角分离或小梁切除对PACG合并白内障患者血流动力学的影响

目的：探究超声乳化白内障吸除联合房角分离术或小梁切除术对原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)合并白内障患者血流动力学的影响。

方法：随机数字表格法将巴中市中心医院2015-01/2017-06收治的94例94眼PACG合并白内障患者分为超声乳化白内障吸除联合房角分离术(观察组)与超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术(对照组),每组47例,比较两组疗效指标。

结果：观察组术后1、3mo收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)均显著大于对照组,术后3mo阻力指数(RI)明显小于对照组以及前房深度、房角开放程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论：房角分离或小梁切除联合超声乳化均能有效降低眼压,促进患者视力恢复,但房角分离术相对能更好地促进房角开放,改善血流动力学。     

双切口超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的：探究双切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗对青光眼合并白内障患者视力、眼压和并发症的影响。

方法：回顾性分析2016-04/2017-10我院行双切口(观察组)和单切口(对照组)白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术的青光眼合并白内障患者各68例68眼的临床资料。记录两组患者术前和术后1mo视力、角膜内皮细胞情况(密度、面积),以及术后1mo内并发症发生情况(前房积血、角膜内皮水肿、前房纤维素性渗出、滤过泡瘢痕化)差异,并比较两组患者术前和术后1、6mo眼压、散光程度差异。

结果：术后1mo时,两组患者视力均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 但组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1mo时,两组患者角膜内皮细胞面积均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 角膜内皮细胞密度则较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组变化幅度均大于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后眼压均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后1mo与术后6mo比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 且两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后散光程度均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且术后1mo高于术后6mo(P<0.05),而对照组均高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：双切口白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者效果显著,虽然双切口术式与单切口术式在改善视力和眼压方面效果相似,但双切口术式对术区损伤更小,能降低术后角膜内皮损伤,并减轻患者术后散光程度,还可减少术后并发症,于促进患者病情转归有积极意义。     

不同术式治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的疗效比较

目的:比较不同手术方式治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的手术效果及对患者生活质量的改善作用.方法:收集2014-01/2016-10我院收治的60例60眼闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为对照组(单纯小梁切除术,n=28)、观察组(小梁切除术+超声乳化白内障吸除术+人工晶状体植入术,n=32),比较两组患者手术前后视力、眼压的变化,统计术后并发症发生率,比较两组患者生活质量.结果:术前,两组患者视力、眼压、前房深度对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后4wk,两组患者视力上升,眼压降低,观察组前房深度增加,对照组前房深度降低,与同组术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后4wk视力、前房深度高于对照组,眼压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组手术成功率、术后房角开放率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术前,两组患者生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后4wk,3mo,两组患者评分均上升(P<0.05);观察组术后不同时间生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:采用小梁切除术+超声乳化白内障吸除术+人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,手术成功率高,同时可改善患者视功能,降低术后并发症发生率,提升患者生活质量.