增龄对原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律影响的分析

目的分析增龄对原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律影响。方法连续选择新近来诊的原发性高血压病患者109例,入选对象在开始治疗前接受了创便携式(美国AMR4型)动态血压仪24h血压监测。结果 109例原发性高血压患者中,老年高血压组(58例)的收缩压(SBP)夜间下降率、舒张压(DBP)夜间下降率、SBP杓型例数和DBP杓型例数均明显少于中、青年组(51例),而SBP非杓型例数和DBP非杓型例数则明显多于后者(P均<0.01~0.05)。结论增龄可明确影响到原发性高血压患者的血压节律变化。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度的关系探讨(附90例分析)

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 90例老年原发性高血压患者均进行24小时动态血压、颈动脉超声检查.根据24小时动态血压监测结果将全部病例分为两组,夜间血压下降率≥10%为杓型组,＜10%为非杓型组.结果 非杓型组夜间收缩压(SBP)、夜间舒张压(DBP)比杓型组明显增高,非杓型组IMT明显大于杓型组,IMT与夜间SBP呈正相关.结论 老年人高血压昼夜节律异常可导致IMT增加.     

老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与尿钠、尿钾排泄的关系

观察老年原发性高血压患者24 h血压动态变化情况,探讨昼夜节律异常与尿钠、尿钾排泄的变化规律。选取2016年10月至2017年10月重庆市第十三人民医院心内科住院的老年原发性高血压患者59例。根据患者24 h动态血压监测的血压波动情况,分为昼夜节律正常组（杓型组）31例和血压昼夜节律消失组（非杓型组）28例,收集患者24 h尿液并分析24 h尿钠和尿钾水平。非杓型组的24 h收缩压、24 h舒张压、夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压及夜间尿钠排泄量均高于杓型组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,同时非杓型组24 h尿钾低于杓型组（P＜0.05）。血压昼夜节律消失的老年原发性高血压患者的尿钠、尿钾排泄呈现明显异常。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与靶器官损害临床观察

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与靶器官损害的关系.方法入选年龄≥60岁老年原发性高血压病患者150例,通过24小时动态血压监测了解其血压昼夜节律变化,根据血压昼夜节律监测结果为非杓型组(夜间平均血压较白昼平均血压下降值＜10%)78例,另一对照组为杓型72例.所有入选患者检查:超声心动图、颈动脉超声、肌酐清除率、尿微量白蛋白.结果非杓型组的尿微量白蛋白定量和左心室质量指数均高于杓型组(p＜0.01);非杓型组的颈动脉内膜厚度大于杓型组(P＜0.05);左室射血分数和肌酐清除率小于杓型组(P＜0.05).结论血压昼夜节律消失是老年原发性高血压患者靶器官损害的重要危险因素.     

老年高血压患者血压节律与脉压指数及踝臂指数的关系研究

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律变化与脉压指数(PPI)、踝臂指数(ABI)的关系.方法 选择老年原发性高血压患者283例进行24 h动态血压监测,根据血压监测曲线分为杓型组(n=68)、非杓型组(n=100)、反杓型组(n=79)、超杓型组(n=36),分别计算各组动态PPI及测量ABI,并将其他各组结果与杓型组进行对比分析.结果 PPI:反杓型组＞非杓型组＞超杓型组＞杓型组,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ABI:杓型组=超杓型组＞非杓型组＞反杓型组,杓型组与非杓型组、反杓型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 血压昼夜节律异常是影响老年高血压患者PPI及ABI的重要因素,恢复老年高血压患者正常血压节律对防治动脉硬化及保护靶器官具有重要临床意义.     

原发性高血压患者213例动态血压监测分析

目的 分析原发性高血压患者24 h动态血压监测（ABPM）变化规律及临床意义。方法 2011年1月至2013年9月对213例原发性高血压患者进行24 h ABPM,观察其24 h平均收缩压（24 h MSP）、24 h平均舒张压（24 h MDP）、白昼平均收缩压（dMSP）、白昼平均舒张压（dMDP）、夜间平均收缩压（nMSP）、夜间平均舒张压（nMDP）、夜间血压下降率。结果 213例原发性高血压患者中100例为杓型血压,78例为非杓型血压,35例为反杓型血压。随年龄增长反杓型血压发生率明显升高,其中老年组（≥60岁）患者反杓型血压发生率较中青年组（＜60岁）高,而老年组患者杓型血压发生率较中青年组患者低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同年龄段女性患者反杓型血压发生率较男性高,但二者比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 原发性高血压患者平时血压波动情况通过24 h ABPM能更加真实地反映出来。随着年龄的增长,原发性高血压患者24 h动态血压昼夜节律异常发生率不断增高,提示增龄可明确影响到原发性高血压患者的血压节律变化,应尽早进行干预治疗。     

不同时间给药对非杓型高血压的影响

目的 探讨不同时间服用氨氯地平对非杓型高血压患者血压昼夜节律的影响.方法 经动态血压监测,选取非杓型高血压患者84例,随机分为两组:晨起服药组(n=42)和睡前服药组(n=42),分别于7:00～9:00和20:00～22:00服用氨氯地平5 mg,连续治疗12周.给药前后分别进行动态血压监测,观察晨起服药组和睡前服药对非杓型高血压患者昼夜血压节律的影响.结果 晨起服药组与睡前服药组在治疗后24 h平均收缩压及舒张压均明显降低(P<0.05),与晨起服药组相比睡前服药组夜间收缩压和舒张压明显下降(P<0.05),睡前服药组对非杓型高血压的血压模式明显改善,两组有效率分别为16.7%和47.6%(P<0.01).结论 对非杓型高血压患者采取睡前服用氨氯地平不但可以有效降低血压,还可以改善异常的血压昼夜节律,从而更好地保护靶器官.     

焦虑抑郁情绪对无临床并发症老年原发性高血压患者动态血压及心率变异性的影响

目的分析焦虑抑郁情绪对无临床并发症老年原发性高血压(EH)患者动态血压和心率变异性的影响。方法以医院焦虑抑郁量表评分≥9分且汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分≥14分或汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分≥20分为焦虑抑郁情绪的标准,将163例无临床并发症老年EH患者分为焦虑抑郁组(n=74)和对照组(n=89),比较两组的相关临床资料、动态血压及心率变异性情况。结果焦虑抑郁组24小时平均收缩压、24小时平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、动态脉压、清晨收缩压、夜间最低收缩压及非杓型的血压昼夜节律发生率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),心率变异性各时域指标均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论焦虑抑郁情绪可增高无临床并发症老年EH患者的动态血压水平及非杓型血压昼夜节律的发生率,降低心率变异性,提示可增高患者靶器官损害及心血管事件的风险。     

中老年高血压患者动态血压的昼夜节律分析

目的 分析中老年高血压患者动态血压的昼夜节律性.方法 选取40~91岁的原发性高血压病人118 例进行24 h态血压监测,其中男性68 例,占57.6%;女性50 例,占42.4%.并将年龄分为中年（40~64岁）、老年（65~79岁）和高龄（80~91岁）三组.结果 男性24 h、白昼和夜间平均舒张压都高于女性,组间差异均有统计学意义,而收缩压组间比较,差异均无统计学意义.中年组、老年组和高龄组高血压病人收缩压随年龄组增高而上升,舒张压则表现为下降趋势.中年组、老年组和高龄组非杓型高血压检出率分别为65.1%、75.0%和93.5%,随着年龄组增高非杓型高血压检出率呈增高趋势（趋势χ2 =7.759,P〈0.01）.结论 高血压病人昼夜节律异常率随着年龄增加而增高,临床上应根据病人的昼夜节律特点制定个体化的治疗方案.     

老年高血压患者凌晨血压增高与血液流变学的相关性研究

目的 观察老年高血压患者凌晨血压增高与血液流变学的关系.方法 采用动态血压监测仪分析136例原发性老年高血压患者的凌晨血压特点.凌晨血压增高≥54.5 mm Hg判定为凌晨血压增高(A组,n=38),凌晨血压增高＜54.5 mm Hg判定为非凌晨血压增高(B组,n=98).采血检验2组的血液流变学.结果 (1)与B组相比,A组的凌晨收缩压、舒张压、脉压较高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).(2)2组血液血流变学指标比较:A组的ηb、ηbI、ηp、Hct、EAI、Fg均明显高于B组(P＜0.01或0.05).结论 老年高血压患者凌晨血压增高与血液流变学有关.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.