PRK联合术中丝裂霉素矫正高度近视的临床研究

目的:探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)联合术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素(MMC)矫治高度近视的安全性、有效性、稳定性。方法:对109例201眼高度近视的患者行PRK术,激光切削后使用0.2g/LMMC20s,观察术后角膜上皮愈合时间、观察术后1,3,6,12mo时裸眼视力、矫正远视力、屈光状态、haze形成情况及并发症情况、角膜内皮细胞计数等。结果:角膜上皮愈合时间为3.68±0.35d。术后裸眼视力均有明显提高,术后12mo裸眼视力达到1.0以上的者189眼(94%),等效球镜在±0.5D以内者153眼(76%)。术后矫正远视力下降1行者7眼(3%),无1例矫正远视力下降2行或2行以上。术后3mo与术后12mo相比,屈光度变化≤0.5D者占96%。手术前后角膜内皮细胞计数、变异系数比较均无显著性差异(P1=0.71;P2=0.83)。术后12mo,0～0.5级haze者189眼(94%),1级haze者12眼(6%);未见2级以上haze。术后未见丝裂霉素毒性反应及并发症。结论:准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术联合术中使用0.2g/LMMC20s矫治高度近视安全、有效。     

中低度近视眼Trans-PRK术中使用丝裂霉素C对术后haze影响的研究

目的探讨中低度近视眼行经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(Trans-PRK)中使用0.02%丝裂霉素C(MMC)预防术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(haze)的临床效果。方法回顾性队列研究。纳入行Trans-PRK的近视眼患者295例(588只眼), 其中低度近视眼(近视度数<3.00 D)45例(90只眼), 年龄(20.53±4.95)岁(18～41岁);男性37例, 女性8例;32只眼术中使用MMC浸润角膜基质床。中度近视眼(近视度数≥3.00 D)患者250例(498只眼), 年龄(23.66±6.12)岁(18～46岁);男性168例, 女性82例;261只眼术中使用MMC。低度和中度近视眼患者术中MMC的作用时间分别为15和30 s。所有患者随访6个月, 观察指标包括最佳矫正视力、等效球镜度数及haze情况。正态分布资料的比较用两独立样本t检验, 非正态分布资料的比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验, 术后haze的发生情况比较采用χ2检验。结果按照Fantes分级, 将0.5～4级均纳入标准进行haze评估。术中使用MMC的低度近视眼患者术后haze发生率为6.25%(2/32...     

Prophylactic mitomycin C to inhibit corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy for residual myopia following radial keratotomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% in inhibiting haze formation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for residual myopia following radial keratotomy (RK). METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative interventional case series was conducted of 22 eyes (14 patients) with residual myopia after RK performed at a single institution. All eyes were treated with PRK and a single intraoperative topical application of MMC 0.02% solution for 2 minutes using a soaked cellulose sponge placed over the ablated area. Refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and slit-lamp evidence of cotneal opacity (haze) were evaluated over 12 months. RESULTS: Twelve months postoperatively, 3 eyes showed grade 1 haze, and 2 eyes showed grade 0.5 haze. Twelve months postoperatively, 2 (9%) eyes had UCVA > or = 20/20. No eye before and 17 (77%) eyes after treatment had UCVA > or = 20/40, and no eye before and 9 eyes (40.9%) after treatment had UCVA > or = 20/25. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was > or = 20/40 in all (100%) eyes and 21 (95%) eyes before and after treatment, respectively, and > or = 20/25 in 12 (54.5%) eyes before and after treatment. One (4.5%) eye lost 1 line of BSCVA. Mean spherical equivalent refraction achieved was -0.18 diopters (D) (range: -0.75 to +0.50 D) compared to -2.72 D (range: -1.50 to -4.00 D) before treatment. Twelve months after treatment, 19 (85.5%) eyes had a refractive outcome within +/- 0.50 D. CONCLUSIONS: A single intraoperative application of MMC 0.02% for 2 minutes appears to be effective in preventing subepithelial haze after PRK for residual myopia in patients with undercorrection or regression following RK.     

Repeated photorefractive keratectomy for undercorrection and regression

PURPOSE: Regression (often combined with significant haze) and undercorrection are the most frequent complications after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. PRK retreatment has been used to treat both of these complications. METHODS: Sixty-three eyes (55 patients) were reoperated (PRK) because of initial regression or undercorrection. The mean interval between the operations was 17.2 months (range 5 to 37 mo). Residual myopia before retreatment was less than -5.00 D in 62 eyes (mean -2.21 +/- 0.99 D) and was -10.50 D in one eye. The same surgical PRK technique (Aesculap-Meditec MEL 60 excimer laser with 5 or 6-mm ablation zone) was used in both operations. RESULTS: One-year results were available for 51 eyes. In the group of eyes with low residual myopia (<-5.00 D), mean refraction 1 year after retreatment was -0.42 +/- 0.96 D and 43 eyes (86%) were within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 43 eyes (86%) after 1 year. One eye lost two lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after two procedures because of haze. Mean haze was the same before and 12 months after reoperation (grade 0.39 vs. 0.38). Significant haze (>2) and high regression after the first PRK occurred after reoperation. The one eye with -10.50 D residual myopia after the first PRK showed high regression, and 1 year after the reoperation refraction was -9.50 D with grade 2 haze. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated PRK was safe and in most cases effective in treating regression and undercorrection in eyes with low residual myopia after initial PRK. High regression and especially haze after the initial PRK often reappeared after reoperation.     

Comparison of standard (0.02%) and low dose (0.002%) mitomycin C in the prevention of corneal haze following surface ablation for myopia

PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare the safety and efficacy of lower dose mitomycin C (MMC) (0.002%) to that of the standard dose (0.02%) in eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. METHODS: The clinical efficacy of 95 eyes receiving myopic PRK with a standard concentration of MMC (0.02%) is sequentially compared to 126 eyes receiving low dose MMC (0.002%). The topical exposure times for MMC varied between 30 seconds and 2 minutes in both groups, and direct contralateral eye comparison of these two exposure times was analyzed in a prospective subset of 39 patients from among the low dose group. Patients were examined preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6-9, and 9-12 months. Haze, visual acuity, and efficacy ratio outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The preoperative findings were overall statistically similar, except for higher spherical equivalent refractive error (P = .007) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (P = .007) in the standard MMC group. Postoperatively, haze levels ranged from 0 to 4+. With multivariable analysis, significantly less haze was noted among the standard dose MMC eyes for high myopia and higher ablation depth at all postoperative time points. In contrast, the haze levels were statistically similar for moderate myopia and lower ablation depths at the latter postoperative time points. The subset of contralateral eyes randomly receiving low dose MMC (0.002%) at either 30 seconds or 2 minutes exposure showed no significant difference in haze between these exposure times. CONCLUSIONS: The standard concentration of topical MMC (0.02%) is more effective than low dose MMC (0.002%) in preventing postoperative haze following surface ablation for myopia > or = -6.00 D and deeper ablation depth > or = 75 microm. However, for moderate myopia and shallow depth, low dosing appears to be equally effective. The duration of MMC exposure appears to be less important than its concentration.     

应用波前像差引导的LASEK治疗近视散光和低、高度近视

目的：对比在矫正低度近视,近视散光和高度近视时应用波前像差引导的激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)的安全性,有效性,可预测性,稳定性和并发症。

方法：该回顾性分析共纳入416眼,分为3组,低度近视组159眼,等值球镜-3.68±1.33D; 近视散光组161眼,等值球镜-5.99±2.24D,柱镜度2.41±1.07D; 高度近视组96眼,等值球镜-7.41±0.80D. 制瓣后,进行波前像差为基础的准分子激光削切术。在术后10d,2,6和12mo后评估其安全性,有效性,可预测性和稳定性。

结果：术后12mo,低度近视组等值球镜-0.36±0.31D,近视散光组0.15±0.41D,高度近视组0.58±0.68D。低度近视组中,裸眼视力为20/20的患者占90.60%,近视散光组78.90%,高度近视组67%。疗效指标在三组中分别为0.98, 1.04和0.92. 安全性指标分别为1.00, 1.07 和1.05。低度近视组有5眼(3.1%)最佳矫正视力提升1行,近视散光组有44眼(27.3%)提升1～3行,高度近视组18眼(19.2%)提升1～2行。低度近视组只有2例产生角膜雾状混浊。在疗效和安全性方面三组比较均无统计学差异。

结论：波前像差引导的激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术是治疗低度近视,近视散光和高度近视的一种有效安全的方法,而在治疗近视散光时其可预测性、有效性和安全性更佳。     

TransPRK治疗中高度近视术中使用低浓度MMC预防haze的疗效

目的:探讨TransPRK治疗中高度近视中使用低剂量MMC预防haze的有效性和安全性,并观察角膜光密度的变化.方法:收集我院行TransPRK手术治疗中高度近视的患者61例,随机分为试验组(0.1g/L MMC放置40s)21例和对照组(0.2g/L MMC放置40s)40例.所有患者随访3mo,观察的指标包括术后上皮愈合时间、术后第1d疼痛评价、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、haze情况及角膜光密度的变化.结果:术后0.1g/L组上皮愈合时间为3.86±1.11d,0.2g/L组为4.23±1.27d,术后第1d疼痛评分0.1g/L组为2.01±0.58分,0.2g/L组为1.79±0.7分,两组间差异均无统计学意义(P=0.667、0.582);0.1g/L组术后1、3mo等效球镜度分别为0.28±0.25、0.05±0.23D,0.2g/L组分别为-0.13±0.17、0.07±0.22D;两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.178、0.490).视力方面,0.2g/L组术后1mo视力稍下降,到3mo时恢复至术前水平,差异有统计学意义(F=15.847,P<0.001),0.1g/L组虽然也表现出这种变化趋势,但无统计学差异(F=3.038,P=0.093),而组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).术后两组间1、3mo haze情况未见统计学差异(z=-0.709,P=0.479;z=-0.478,P=0.633).两组术后1mo角膜光密度均较术前增加,至术后3mo恢复到术前水平,差异有统计学意义(0.1g/L组:F=27.399,P=0.001;0.2g/L组:F=8.313,P=0.001),组间对比无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:TransPRK治疗中高度近视术中使用低浓度MMC预防haze是安全、有效的,其疗效与常规用量(0.2g/L)相当,而且视力更早趋于稳定;判断角膜透明性时,光密度测量可以作为裂隙灯检查外的一种辅助手段.     

LASEK治疗中高度近视疗效分析

目的:观察准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)治疗中高度近视的临床效果。方法:对46例85眼中度以上近视进行LASEK矫正,根据等效球镜度分为I组(-3.25～-6.00)D、II组(-6.25～-10.00)D、III组(-10.25～-12.9)D。观察术后裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力、显然屈光度、眼压及haze情况。术后随访6mo以上。结果:术后6mo时裸眼视力达到术前最佳矫正视力或更好者3组分别为100%,78%,75%,裸眼视力≥0.5分别为100%,96%,88%,未见最佳矫正视力较术前最佳矫正视力低于2行以上的眼;3组的屈光度稳定在±1.00D内者分别为68.4%,58.0%,43.7%;3组的平均屈光度分别为(-0.38±0.66)D、(-0.77±1.25)D、(-1.25±1.97)D。II组和III组术后发生不同程度的haze(≤2级)。结论:LASEK治疗中高度近视安全有效。haze和屈光回退是治疗高度和超高度近视主要并发症,从某种角度说,控制了haze的发生也就在很大程度上控制了术后的屈光回退的速率。     

丝裂霉素在LASEK术中的应用

目的：观察中高度近视在准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis,LASEK)中应用0.1g/L丝裂霉素(mitomycin-C,MMC)抑制术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(haze)的疗效。

方法：对78例156眼患者行LASEK,随机分成MMC组(86眼)及对照组(70眼),术中两组分别采用含0.1g/L MMC与平衡盐溶液(BSS)的吸水棉签点蘸激光切削后的基质床。观察患者术后1,3,5,7d; 2wk; 1,3,6mo的症状,裸眼视力,角膜上皮愈合时间及haze形成情况。

结果：术后MMC组haze发生率低于对照组,两组haze形成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后角膜上皮愈合时间及裸眼视力均无明显差异。

结论：LASEK术中点蘸法应用0.1g/L MMC可抑制haze的形成。     

丝裂霉素在准分子激光术中应用疗效的观察

目的:观察在中高度近视准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（LASEK）中应用丝裂霉素C（MMC）的临床疗效。方法:中高度近视患者166例332眼随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各83例166眼,其中,观察组术中应用0.2g/L的MMC,对照组则不用。术后均随访12mo,观察并比较两组角膜上皮愈合时间、裸眼视力以及角膜haze的发生情况等。结果:观察组角膜上皮修复时间平均为4.05±0.30d,对照组平均为4.22±0.37d,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组术后12mo时裸眼视力＜0.8者17眼,0.8～者42眼,≥1.0者107眼,各段视力眼数所占百分比与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术前屈光度≤-6.00DS时,观察组术后≤1级或2级haze形成率为18%（3/166眼）,对照组为2.4%（4/166眼）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;在-6.00～-8.00DS时,观察组≤1级或2级haze形成率为3.0%（5/166眼）,对照组为102%（17/166眼）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;≥-8.00DS时,观察组≤1级或2级haze形成率为6.0%（10/166眼）,对照组为17.5%（29/166眼）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:在LASEK术中应用0.2g/L的MMC可有效减轻术后haze的发生,且安全性高。     

丝裂霉素C在Epi-LASIK术矫正高度和超高度近视中的应用

目的:观察丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C,MMC)应用于机械法—准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(epipdisaser in situ keratomileusis,Epi-LASIK)术矫正高度和超高度近视中的疗效。方法:将高度和超高度近视204例408眼随机分为两组,MMC组102例204眼;对照组102例204眼。所有手术皆运用AMOAmadeus Ⅱ Microkeratome直线式角膜上皮刀制作角膜上皮瓣,MMC组术中激光切削后置0.2g/LMMC棉片于基质床60-90s;对照组除不置MMC外余操作相同。术后随访两组角膜上皮瓣愈合时间、术后刺激症状、haze反应及裸眼视力。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术。MMC组和对照组Epi-LASIK术后刺激症状皆轻微,316眼(77.4%)疼痛评分为0～1分。角膜上皮瓣愈合时间为3～6d。术后6mo查MMC组中199眼(97.5%)UCVA达到并超过BCVA;对照组168眼(82.4%)UCVA达到并超过BCVA;MMC组视力回退者5眼(2.5%),对照组视力回退者36眼(17.6%)。术后6mohaze反应MMC组与对照组对比,haze2级及haze2级以上差异有显著性(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论:Epi-LASIK术矫正高度和超高度近视中应用0.2g/LMMC对减轻haze的形成、防止视力回退安全有效。     

Correlation of subepithelial haze and refractive regression 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia.

PURPOSE: To relate myopic regression after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to subepithelial haze at the first postoperative month. METHODS: One hundred nineteen eyes of 119 patients underwent excimer laser PRK for treatment of myopia up to -8.00 D. Eyes were examined at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. All eyes received fluorometholone 0.1% for the first 5 postoperative months in a tapered dose. Dexamethasone 0.1% qid for 1 month was prescribed to all eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction less than plano, followed by an augmented dose of fluorometholone 0.1%. Eyes with myopia greater than -0.75 D at 12 months, as well as those that had received dexamethasone at any postoperative interval--regardless of refractive outcome--were considered to be regressed. Eyes that regressed and those that did not regress were compared statistically (Chi-squared statistical criterion with Yate's correction) regarding haze grade. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent (56 of 119) of eyes regressed. In 89.28% (50 of 56) of eyes, subepithelial haze grade was 1 to 2, and in 10.71% (6 of 56), subepithelial haze was graded 0 to 0.5 at 1 month. Fifty-three percent of eyes (63 of 119) did not regress and in all, subepithelial haze was graded 0 to 0.5 at the first month. The correlation between regression and haze grade 1 or more at the first postoperative month was statistically significant (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Mild to marked subepithelial haze (grade 1 to 2) at the first postoperative month after PRK for myopia is strongly related to regression of initial refractive effect and increasing myopia.     

丝裂霉素C在LASEK术中应用于高度近视患者预防haze的临床研究

目的:探讨LASEK术中应用丝裂霉素C于高度近视患者中预防haze的可行性。方法:选取24例48眼高度近视患者,随机分为2组,其中11例22眼为对照组,13例26眼为试验组,对照组进行常规LASEK术,试验组在LASEK术中激光切削完毕未回复上皮瓣前使用浸泡0.2g/L丝裂霉素C棉片覆盖于激光切削区约12s,冲洗后回复上皮瓣并置入隐形眼镜5d。随访观察术后视力、角膜haze情况等6mo。结果:术后6wk试验组与对照组haze无统计学意义,术后3,6mo试验组haze轻于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:丝裂霉素C在LASEK术中应用于高度近视患者能有效预防haze的形成。     

Epi-LASIK治疗中高度近视术后视觉质量的临床研究

目的:研究机械法准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(Epi-LAS1K)矫治中、高度近视对视觉质量的影响。方法:回顾分析采用Epi-LAS1K手术矫治中、高度近视并随访1a的病例128例256眼的临床资料。患者根据术前等效球镜分为3组:A组:<-3.00D,均值-2.11±0.35D(30例60眼);B组:-3.00D～-6.00D,均值-4.93±0.68D(46例92眼);C组:>-6.00D,均值-8.45±1.62D(52例104眼)。手术采用美国AMO公司AmadeusⅡ自动角膜板层刀制作上皮瓣,以德国ZEISS公司MEL80型准分子激光仪进行激光切削,术后配戴绷带式角膜接触镜7d,术后随访时间为1,7d;1,3,6mo;1a,研究术后视力和屈光状态、高阶像差及haze形成情况。结果:术后随访1a,A组58眼(97%)的UCVA>1.0,B组87眼(95%)的UCVA>1.0,C组89眼(86%)的UCVA>1.0;A组60眼(100%)等效球镜屈光度数在预期值的±1.00D内,B组92眼(100%)等效球镜屈光度数在预期值的±1.00D内,C组7眼(7%)等效球镜屈光度数大于预期值的±1.00D。术后高阶像差较术前增大(P<0.05),B组与C组各时间点与A组相比无统计学意义。A组术后1mo有3眼(5%)的患者有0.5级haze,术后3mo有1眼(2%)的患者有0.5级haze,术后6mo到1a,所有患者均无明显haze;B组术后1mo有6眼(7%)的患者有0.5级haze,术后3mo有4眼(4%)的患者有0.5级haze,术后6mo～1a,所有患者均无明显haze;C组术后1mo有10眼(10%)的患者有0.5级haze,2眼(2%)的患者有Ⅰ级haze,术后3mo有8眼(8%)的患者有0.5级haze,2眼(2%)的患者有Ⅰ级haze,术后6mo有5眼(5%)的患者有0.5级haze,术后1a所有患者均无明显haze。结论:Epi-LAS1K手术术后具有视力恢复满意,haze程度轻等优点,是治疗中、高度近视的一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

LASEK术中弃留角膜上皮瓣对高度近视疗效的影响

目的:对比研究LASEK术中弃留上皮瓣治疗高度近视的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析高度近视患者58例115眼,根据手术方式分为,LASEK留瓣组30例59眼,LASEK弃瓣组28例56眼。观察两组患者术后疼痛感、裸眼视力、角膜haze、上皮愈合时间。结果:留瓣组和弃瓣组术后1d疼痛积分分别为1.64±0.64、1.57±0.57分,术后2d为0.83±0.49、0.84±0.56分,术后3d为0.36±0.48、0.34±0.47分;两组不同时间疼痛积分无差异(P>0.05)。留瓣组和弃瓣组术后1wk裸眼视力分别为0.15±0.06、0.12±0.05,术后1mo时为0.032±0.004、0.041±0.003,术后3mo时为0.018±0.004、0.022±0.005;两组不同时间裸眼视力无差异(P>0.05)。术后1、3mo,角膜haze 0.5~1级发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);角膜2级haze发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);留瓣组和弃瓣组上皮愈合时间分别为4.22±0.30、3.89±0.32d(P<0.05)。两组患者上皮延迟愈合数分别为0眼、6例10眼(P<0.05)。结论:留瓣与弃瓣术后裸眼视力恢复无明显差异,角膜刺激症状相似。弃瓣组上皮愈合较快,但弃瓣组角膜haze 2级发生率稍高,上皮延迟愈合和愈合不良较多。因此,对于高度近视行LASEK手术时建议留瓣。     

Refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx flex) and wavefront-optimized Femto-LASIK: comparison of contrast sensitivity and high-order aberrations at 1 year

Aim

To compare 1-year results of the refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx) flex technique performed as a commercial bilateral simultaneous procedure to a matched group of wavefront-optimized Femto-Lasik for correction of myopia and astigmatism with emphasis on contrast sensitivity and high-order aberrations (HOA).

Methods

In this retrospective study 44 eyes of 22 patients with spherical equivalent (SE) of ?5.13 D who underwent ReLEx were matched to 50 eyes of 25 patients with SE of ?5.42 D treated by wavefront-optimized Femto-Lasik. We used Carl Zeiss Meditec (CZM) VisuMax^® femtosecond laser system with a 200 kHz repetition rate. In addition, for Femto-LASIK, MEL 80 Excimer Laser (CZM) with aspheric ablation profiles was used for ablation.

Results

At 1 year, the mean SE in the ReLEx group was ?0.23 ± 0.35 D and in the Femto-LASIK group ?0.15 ± 0.27 D. The mesopic contrast sensitivity of ReLEx treated eyes at 12 and 18 cpd improved from 1.49 and 0.99 to 1.54 and 1.1 respectively. In the Femto-LASIK group the numbers were pre-op 1.51 and 1.03, and after 1 year 1.54 and 1.06. The high-order aberrations (HOA) after ReLEx changed from 0.15 to 0.23 μm, and after Femto-LASIK from 0.175 to 0.320 μm (p = 0.0023).

Conclusion

At 1 year, wavefront-optimized Femto-LASIK produced similar refractive outcomes to ReLEx^® flex with better, but non-significant accuracy. In contrast, ReLEx^® flex showed significantly less induction of HOA and better mesopic mid-term contrast sensitivity then the wavefront-optimized Femto-LASIK.     

去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK矫治高度近视

目的:探讨去上皮瓣机械法准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(Epi-LASIK)矫治高度近视的临床疗效。方法:对86例169眼高度近视患者施行去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK,术后随访6mo。观察术后刺激症状、角膜上皮愈合时间、视力、屈光度、角膜上皮下雾状混浊程度(haze)。结果:所有患者术后均未主诉明显疼痛,仅表现有轻中度的异物感、畏光、流泪。角膜上皮愈合时间3～4d。术后6mo,全部86例169眼术后等效球镜均在±1.00D以内,未见最佳矫正视力下降,23眼(13.6%)最佳矫正视力提高1行以上。术后1mo,142眼(84.0%)角膜haze为0级,27眼(16.0%)角膜haze为0.5级;术后3mo,2例4眼不明原因出现3级haze;术后6mo,所有患者角膜haze均为0级。结论:去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK治疗高度近视安全、有效,具有良好的可预测性和稳定性。个别患者在术后发生不明原因的迟发性haze有待于进一步研究。     

飞秒激光小切口基质透镜取出术治疗近视及散光

目的:探讨飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术治疗近视及散光的有效性、可预测性、稳定性和安全性.方法:前瞻性临床对照研究.近视及近视散光患者547例1 080眼,按患者选择的手术方式分为两组,小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(small incision lenticule extraction,SMILE)组285例560眼,飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis,FS-LASIK)组262例520眼.术后随访12mo,分别于术后第1d,1wk,1、6、12mo复查,检查裸眼及矫正视力、屈光度、裂隙灯及角膜地形图,并测量偏中心切削值.结果:术后第1d,1wk,1、6、12mo,SMILE组的裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA,以LogMAR视力表示)分别为0.029±0.13、0.001±0.11、-0.019±0.11、-0.020±0.08、-0.011±0.10;FS-LASIK组分别为-0.017±0.08、-0.019±0.09、-0.031±0.10、-0.024±0.09、-0.002±0.12;术后1d和1wk,SMILE组视力低于FS-LASIK组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其它时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后1、6、12mo,SMILE组的等效球镜(spherical equivalent,SE)分别为-0.03±0.29、-0.04±0.28、-0.06±0.32D;FS-LASIK组分别为0.02±0.20、-0.01±0.29、-0.08±0.33D,两组比较术后1mo的结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余时间点两组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3mo,SMILE组测量的偏中心切削值为0.21±0.11mm,FS-LASIK组为0.20±0.08mm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:SMILE治疗近视及近视散光有良好的有效性、可预测性、稳定性和安全性,但与FS-LASIK比较,术后早期视力恢复慢.     

Fellow eye treatment in excimer photo refractive keratectomy

PURPOSE: To describe symmetry of response in fellow eyes of patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia, analyse the risk factors leading to asymmetry in response and to determine if delayed treatment of the second eye increases safety and predictability of PRK. METHODS: Retrospective review of case records of 133 patients who underwent bilateral myopic PRK and had a minimum follow up of 6 months in both eyes. RESULTS: Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE) refraction within +/- 1 D of emmetropia, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal haze were not significantly different in fellow eyes of patients undergoing PRK for myopia. Of 87 eyes in group 1 (myopia < 6 D), 96.6% had uncorrected visual acuity > or = 6/12, 89.7% were within +/- 1 D of emmetropia, none lost > or = 1 line BCVA, and none had haze > or = grade 3. Similar results for 98 eyes in group II (myopia 6 to 9.9 D) were 75.6%, 55.1%, 2.0% and 2.0% respectively. For 81 eyes in group III (myopia > or = 10 D) the results were 42.7%, 33.3%, 8.6%, and 4.9% respectively. Among 84 patients with similar preoperative myopia in both eyes, 54 (64.3%) patients had a postoperative SE difference < or = 1 D in fellow eyes. Risk factors for asymmetric response among fellow eyes included increasing preoperative myopia (p < 0.001) and dissimilar treatment technique in the two eyes (p = 0.03). Corneal haze did not increase significantly after the third postoperative month. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that considerable symmetry of response exists in fellow eyes of patients undergoing myopic PRK. Early PRK in the fellow eye of patients with < 6 D myopia is safe and allows quick visual rehabilitation of the patient. In patients with myopia > or = 6 D, a 3-month interval before treating the second eye may improve the safety of the procedure.     

Photorefractive keratectomy in high myopic defects with or without intraoperative mitomycin C: 1-year results

PURPOSE: To study the results of the prophylactic use of mitomycin C (MMC) to reduce haze formation and refractive regression after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopic defects (>5 diopters). METHODS: Prospective, consecutive, observational study. A total of 124 eyes of 62 patients were divided into two groups of 31 patients, 62 eyes each (Groups A and B). Only Group A was treated with MMC 0.02%. The data of the two groups of eyes, related to the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), to the difference of refraction pre- and post-treatment, and to the corneal haze, were analyzed through combined permutation tests by using the NPC Test software . RESULTS: BCVA of Group A, 1 year after treatment, was better than that of the control Group B (one-sided p value = 0.013): Group A - 3 eyes (4.8%) had a loss of a decimal fraction and no eyes > 1; Group B - 13 eyes (20.9%) had a loss of a decimal fraction and 1 eye (1.6%) of 2. There was a smaller difference between attempted and achieved SE correction in Group A with respect to Group B (one-sided p value = 0.068): Group A - 43 eyes (69.3%) within +/- 0.50 D; Group B - 31 eyes (50%) within +/- 0.50 D. there was a smaller incidence of corneal haze in the group for which MMC was used (one-sided p value = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the application of MMC 0.02% solution immediately after PRK produced lower haze rates and had better predictability and improved efficacy 1 year after treatment.