中风病"气虚血瘀"病因病机探析

历代医家对中风病因病机的认识,唐宋以前多以“内虚邪中”立论,唐宋以后多以“内风”立论。详察中风病因病机,归纳起来不外虚、火、风、痰、气、血六端。临床常采用清热通腑、平肝潜阳、解毒通络、活血化瘀、化痰通络等治法,虽取得了一些疗效,但仍不能令人满意。因此深入开展中风病因病机研究,探索相应的治疗方法,已成为提高中风临床疗效的关键。本文旨在分析气血与脑关系的基础上,结合中医病因病机理论和临床实践及现代医学发病机制,认为“气虚血瘀”是中风病主要病机特点,并对其内涵及意义进行探讨。1中风病“气虚血瘀”病因病机的理论与…     

通腑化痰法在中风病急性期中治疗作用的理论探讨

中风是一种常见病多发病,严重威胁着人类的健康,在中风病的急性期应用通腑化痰法,在治疗中起着重要的作用,现论述于下。1中风病的病因病机对中风病的病因病机的认识,历代争论甚多。唐宋以前,多以外风邪中立论:唐宋以后,着重内风立论。当今内     

中风发病启动之因——痰瘀毒邪

关于中风病的病因病机,历代医家众说纷纭,立论多方:痰瘀同源、同病、同治的理论,是中医理论的重要组成部分.毒损络脉是毒损脏腑和其他组织器官的基本环节.三者共同构成中风演变过程的基本病机.     

脑梗塞中医病因病机"外风"论之古今

古代中医文献中没有脑梗塞的专述,根据脑梗塞的症状,可归属于"中风"范畴.中风病在历代医家的潜心研究下,其病因病机取得了较大的成就,经过了从外风-内风-内外风3个时期.唐宋以前对中风的病因病机的认识,主要以"外风"立论.对于中风病病因的认识虽然以"外风"为主,但各医家对中风的具体病因病机、辨证规律及治则治法的研究也各不相同.从古今不同时期具有代表性医论入手,分析各时期对中风发病规律的认识,并总结其规律,以期探讨病机变化规律,治疗中风病提供广阔前景.     

论中风病之“风”

本文简要回顾了历代医家对中风病病因、病机的认识,唐以前以外风立论,宋以后多持内风说.该文作者提出了自己的观点:临床上不必强为分外风、内风,而应根据"证"的情况,灵活掌握,以提高疗效.     

从脑血辨证之脑病病机探讨中风病的发病

目的:探讨脑血辨证之脑病病机对中风病发病的适用性.方法:根据脑血辨证之脑病病机的分类,从脑神紊乱、脑浊、脑瘀、脑痿和脏病及脑五个方面分析了中风病的发病.结果:环境污染、精神刺激和不良生活习惯是目前威胁人类健康的主要致病因素,三大病因作用于人体,脏腑功能障碍,气血津液运行失常,引起脑神紊乱、脑浊、脑瘀、脑痿和脏病及脑.五者成为脑病的主要病机.就中风病而言,脑痿是中风病发病之本;脏病及脑为中风病的初始病机;浊瘀痹阻是中风病发生的直接病机;脑神紊乱具有中风病病因、诱因、结果的三重属性.结论:脑血辨证之脑病病机对中风病具有较好的适用性,其病因病机更加符合现代中风病的特征,有利于指导治疗,提高治愈率.     

试论清热解毒法为防治内生热毒型中风病的治疗方法

目的:通过对中风病病机的探讨,阐述清热解毒法是中风病的治疗大法.方法:根据中风病的发病特点,从多个角度探讨了中风的病机演变规律.结果:内生热毒乃中风病发生的关键因素,热毒犯脑损络为其病理的主导机制,火热痰瘀等病理产物互结,郁闭脑窍是中风病的主要病理改变.结论:内生热毒是中风病机转归之关键,清热解毒当属防治中风之大法.     

通腑法治疗中风病用药规律探讨

目的：探讨历代医家的用药规律。方法：通过对《中风专辑》中以通腑法为主治疗中风病方剂的初步分析，并与现代医家的用药规律相比较，从而指出了两者的异同。结果：通腑泄热是二者的共同点，但历代医家多配合扶正解表法，而现代医家多配合化痰活血法。结论：对中风病病因病机的认识是一个不断发展、深入完善的过程。     

论“湿邪致中风”

中风病是难治性脑病,历代医家对中风病病因病机观点各异。立足于湿邪和中风病的古今文献研究,结合湿邪致病的特点和中风病的证候特点,探讨湿邪与中风病之间的关系,剖析“湿邪致中风”的源流、辨证要点及临证思路,强调湿邪为中风病的重要病理因素,以期加深临床上对中风病的研究,进一步拓宽治疗思路。     

中风多元性与中风病机链相关问题探讨

提出并阐述中风多元性与中风病机链的相关问题.中风在病因、病机、病性、病理因素等方面存在多元现象,致其病类、病位、病情、证候、预后纷繁复杂.从病因作用于人体,到中风发病会形成复杂的病机关联,即中风病机链.中风发病前后始终有隐匿的病理机制发生发展,不断损伤血脉.根据病机发生迟早以及对发病影响,将中风病机分为主导病机、阶段病...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.