可活化卟啉光敏剂及其硫醇刺激响应性

将2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氯（DNBS）与5-（4-氨基苯基）-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉（TPP-NH₂）通过对硫醇敏感的磺酰胺键键合,成功构建了一种失活型光敏剂5-[4-N-（2,4-二硝基苯）磺酰胺基苯基]-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉（TPP-DNB）。该光敏剂的荧光和单线态氧（¹O₂）被2,4-二硝基苯（DNB）基元有效猝灭,而在二硫苏糖醇（DTT）或谷胱甘肽（GSH）的刺激下能重新激活。通过荧光光谱检测确认TPP-DNB的荧光被DNB基元明显猝灭并且在硫醇存在下逐渐恢复。单线态氧检测结果表明TPP-DNB的单线态氧量子产率为0.118;而在DTT刺激下能达到0.614,接近参比物四苯基卟啉（TPP）的量子产率（0.62）;这说明光敏剂TPP-DNB的单线态氧显著失活并具有硫醇刺激激活性。     

改善肿瘤乏氧环境及乏氧应激释药型抗肿瘤药纳米递送系统研究进展

乏氧是多数实体肿瘤的特征之一,影响肿瘤的侵袭和转移,是抗肿瘤药产生耐药性的一个主要原因。基于高压氧或是血液代用品递送O₂至肿瘤部位或是设计能催化肿瘤内源性H₂O₂分解产生O₂的治疗方法,提高肿瘤组织中的含氧量,改善肿瘤乏氧环境,有助于肿瘤治疗。此外,基于肿瘤乏氧微环境设计乏氧应激释药型纳米递送体系,提高靶点药物浓度,提高药物疗效并降低其不良反应。本文主要从缓解肿瘤乏氧微环境以及肿瘤乏氧微环境响应型纳米靶向递药体系进行详细综述,为研究和开发新型抗肿瘤药提供方法学借鉴。     

18F-FMISO乏氧显像剂在临床上的应用与进展研究

肿瘤乏氧是癌症病人预后不良的重要原因。乏氧可能是恶性肿瘤对治疗产生耐受的主要机制,而且乏氧会使肿瘤侵袭性增加。所以检测肿瘤细胞乏氧至关重要,它会为临床上的治疗和肿瘤病人的愈后提供线索。目前检测乏氧方法很多,但是应用于临床上的少之又少。其中核医学(PET/SPECT)分子显像技术在临床上应用最为广泛。乏氧显像剂能够选择性聚集在肿瘤乏氧区域,然后通过核医学(PET/SPECT)进行乏氧的显像。乏氧显像剂分为硝基咪唑类和非硝基咪唑类,临床上和基础实验研究中以前者为主。而_¹⁸F-FMISO是第一代硝基咪唑类乏氧显像剂,目前临床上应用广泛。这篇文章将会对_¹⁸F-FMISO的最新实验及临床研究进展及目前存在的问题等进行综述。     

纳米SiO2及磁性γ-Fe2O3@SiO2对Hg2+的吸附及去除

首先用微乳法合成了纳米SiO₂和纳米γ-Fe₂O₃,然后利用传统的St ber方法合成出核壳结构的γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对其进行了表征。采用双硫腙光度法在551 nm处,测定了Hg²⁺在纳米SiO₂、纳米γ-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂表面的吸附等温线,发现三者的吸附等温线类型依次为Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅰ型,等温线类型与纳米材料的分散性、表面硅羟基、离子空位以及磁性有关。利用双吸附等温线法、准一级和准二级动力学模型对吸附数据进行拟合得出：纳米SiO₂和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,而纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Freundlich等温式。三者对Hg²⁺的去除率均与pH有关,均属于准二级动力学模型。     

低温诱导黄花蒿中青蒿素的生物合成及其机制研究

目的 研究低温处理对黄花蒿中青蒿素及其他萜类合成通路的影响。方法 以4 ℃为胁迫条件,利用高效液相色谱法测定青蒿素量;硫酸钛沉淀法和N, N-二甲基-对-亚硝基苯胺漂白反应分别检测黄花蒿叶片过氧化氢（H²O²）和单线态氧（¹O²）量;紫外分光光度法检测过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性;实时荧光定量PCR技术定量分析青蒿素合成途径及竞争途径关键酶基因的表达。结果 4 ℃处理4 h后黄花蒿叶片中¹O²和H²O²量升高,并伴随着青蒿素量和CAT活性逐步提高,4、24、48 h后青蒿素量分别提高20%、65%、80%;4 ℃处理24 h后,青蒿素合成相关基因（HMGR、FPS、ADS、CYP71AV1、CPR和DBR2）的表达普遍上调,其中ADS基因的表达提高16倍;而青蒿素合成竞争途径酶（β-石竹烯合酶）基因（CS）表达则下调近20倍。结论 低温刺激可能通过产生高浓度活性氧（ROS）促进青蒿素合成前体转化,上调青蒿素合成相关基因表达并抑制竞争途径基因表达等途径促进青蒿素合成。     

喷雾燃烧法制备Pt/TixCe(1-x)O2纳米颗粒及其CO催化氧化性能

采用喷雾燃烧法,以钛酸四异丙酯、2-乙基己酸铈和氯铂酸为前驱体,丙酸为溶剂,制备Pt/Ti_xCe_（1-x）O₂系列纳米复合颗粒。系统研究了催化剂助剂CeO₂添加量对产物的粒径、晶型、表面氧空位和CO催化氧化活性的影响规律,探讨了喷雾燃烧过程中纳米颗粒的生长机理。结果表明：Ce离子能够进入TiO₂晶格,并促进TiO₂由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;富集存在的CeO₂会沿着TiO₂金红石晶面外延生长为月牙岛状。Ce³⁺能够增加颗粒表面的氧空位,提升载体活性氧参与CO氧化反应的可能性。Pt/Ti_0.9Ce_0.1O₂表现出最高的CO催化氧化活性,在70℃时CO转化率达到100%。     

聚苯乙烯共价修饰的二硫化钼钠米片宽带光限幅功能材料的合成与表征

利用原位聚合方法将聚苯乙烯（PS）共价接枝到二硫化钼纳米片表面,获得的材料MoS₂-PS能均匀地分散在常见的有机溶剂中。开孔Z-扫描实验结果表明：与MoS₂、MoS₂/PS相比,MoS₂-PS的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶液及其聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）薄膜样品均表现出更好的非线性光学性能。相对于溶液,在532 nm和1 064 nm激光激发时,MoS₂-PS/PMMA固体薄膜表现出最大的非线性吸收系数（β_eff）,分别达到407.70 cm/GW（MoS₂-PMMA：100.69 cm/GW;MoS₂/PS/PMMA：116.55 cm/GW）和429.64 cm/GW（MoS₂-PMMA：-48.92 cm/GW;MoS₂/PS/PMMA：66.31 cm/GW）;相应的光限幅阈值分别为0.92 GW/cm²（532 nm）和1.12 GW/cm²（1 064 nm）。MoS₂-PS/PMMA固体薄膜经200℃退火处理后,β_eff和光限幅性能得到增强（β_eff分别为455.67 cm/GW和448.90 cm/GW;光限幅阈值分别为1.07 GW/cm²和0.87 GW/cm²）。     

MPA稳定的CdTe量子点合成及Cu2+检测应用

通过水相法制备3-巯基丙酸(MPA)稳定的碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs),即MPA-CdTe QDs。研究Cu²⁺对发射波长为599 nm的MPA-CdTe QDs荧光猝灭效应,发现Cu²⁺浓度与荧光猝灭强度之间满足Stern-Volmer修正方程的线性关系。通过多项式拟合得出Cu²⁺浓度在2.28×10^-6~18.24×10^-6 mol/L和4.8×10^-7~12×10^-7mol/L两个区间范围内与MPA-CdTe QDs的荧光强度F₀/F的多项式关系分别为:F₀/F=7.999-2.470c+0.339c²,F₀/F=3.154-0.160 c+0.049 c²,拟合度分别为0.991,0.993。MPA-CdTe QDs对Cu²⁺检测限可达1.326×10^-7 mol/L。     

四-(三氟乙烷氧基)酞菁锌的光物理性质研究

目的 研究2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-四(三氟乙烷氧基)酞菁锌(ZnPcF)光物理性质(包括紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱)和光敏化作用产生的单线态氧量子产率。方法 采用紫外-可见分光光度法和荧光分光光度法分别测定ZnPcF的紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱;应用9,10-二甲基蒽为捕捉单线态氧的探针,通过测定光敏化过程中探针浓度的变化,计算ZnPcF的单线态氧(¹O₂)量子产率。结果 与酞菁锌(ZnPc)相比,ZnPcF的紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱都有一定程度的红移。ZnPcF的摩尔消光系数(ε)为1.65×10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1,荧光量子产率为0.197,单线态氧量子产率为0.547。结论 ZnPcF有较大的摩尔消光系数、荧光及单线态氧量子产率,有进一步开发其抗肿瘤效果的前景。     

一类具有高水合常数的钆类核磁共振成像造影剂的研究

合成了一类具有高水合常数(q)的钆类造影剂,该类配合物由金属钆与含有2个氮氧化基团和4个羧酸基团的有机配体组成,具有高水合常数的特点。通过核磁氢谱、碳谱以及高分辨质谱对配体及配合物的结构进行了表征。通过荧光寿命分析检测配合物的q值在3左右。该类配合物的纵向弛豫率(r₁)为8.5~10.1 (mM)^-1·s^-1,约为商用造影剂二乙三胺五乙酸合钆(Gd-DTPA)的3倍。细胞实验证实该类造影剂具有很低的细胞毒性,这在临床应用中是非常关键的。该类配合物具有合成简便、弛豫率高以及毒性低等特点,为制备更低成本、更高性能的造影剂打下基础。     

目标导向液体治疗对老年腰椎手术患者氧代谢和局部脑氧饱和度的影响

目的探讨目标导向液体治疗对老年腰椎手术患者组织氧代谢和局部脑氧饱和度的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月山西医科大学第二医院老年腰椎手术患者60例,年龄65～80岁,ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组,每组30例,干预组以每搏量变异度(SVV)、心指数(CI)为容量指标行目标导向液体治疗,对照组行常规液体治疗。于麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术开始后1小时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)、麻醉苏醒后30分钟(T5),采集两组患者动脉血、中心静脉血行血气分析,记录两组患者总输入量、术中晶体液和胶体液用量、出血量、尿量、低血压出现次数、血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、乳酸含量(Lac)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO₂)及局部脑氧饱和度(rSO₂),计算氧摄取率(O₂ER)。结果与对照组比较,干预组晶体输入量、总液体输入量、尿量、低血压出现次数较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组患者O₂ER、Lac较低,rSO₂、ScvO₂     

Study on Oxygen Supply and Protection of Bone Marrow in Acute Radiation injured Mice

Itwasreportedthatacuteradiationcoulddestroythemurinebonemarrowmicrovesselsystemandledtostasisofbloodll].WeareleadtoasksuchquestionaswhatchangeswouldtakeplaceastotheOxygensupplyofbonemarrowmicroenviromentinthissituation.InviewoftheChinesetraditionaltheoryofblood--activatingandstasis--eliminating,weobservedtheeffectsofcommonlyusedblood--activatingandstasis-eliminatingdrug(acompoundpreparationcomposedofredsageroot,Chineseangelicaroot,Chuanxiongrhizomeandredpeomyroot)ontherehabilitationandoxygens…     

参麦注射液抗氧化活性体外实验研究

[目的] 系统研究参麦注射液体外抗氧化性能。[方法] 采用铁还原抗氧化能力 （FRAP）法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除法、一氧化氮（NO）自由基清除法、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）清除法、亚铁（Fe²⁺）离子螯合法分别测试不同稀释倍率参麦注射液的总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除活性、NO·清除活性、H₂O₂清除活性和Fe²⁺离子螯合活性,并将结果与0.1mg/mL 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚（BHT）、10 mmol/L水溶性维生素E（Trolox）和10%柠檬酸的结果进行比较。[结果] 参麦注射液具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,总抗氧化能力和对自由基清除活性均呈浓度正依赖性;10倍稀释参麦注射液总抗氧化能力显著低于BHT和Trolox （P<0.01）,但高于柠檬酸（P<0.01）;参麦注射液对不同自由基清除能力存在差异,其强弱顺序为：NO·[（54.4±6.6）%] > Fe²⁺离子螯[（42.6±3.2）%] > DPPH·[（36.2±2.8）%] > H₂O₂[（23.5±1.2）%]。[结论] 参麦注射液体外抗氧化活性研究将为其抗氧化药理学机制提供了实验依据。     

A ventilation strategy during general anaesthesia to reduce postoperative atelectasis

Background. Atelectasis is common during and after general anaesthesia. We hypothesized that a ventilation strategy, without recruitment manoeuvres, using a combination of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and a reduced end-expiratory oxygen fraction (F_ETO₂) before ending mask ventilation with CPAP after extubation would reduce the area of postoperative atelectasis.

Methods. Thirty patients were randomized into three groups. During induction and emergence, inspiratory oxygen fractions (F_IO₂) were 1.0 in the control group and 1.0 or 0.8 in the intervention groups. No CPAP/PEEP was used in the control group, whereas CPAP/PEEP of 6 cmH₂O was used in the intervention groups. After extubation, F_IO₂ was set to 0.30 in the intervention groups and CPAP was applied, aiming at F_ETO₂ < 0.30. Atelectasis was studied by computed tomography 25 min postoperatively.

Results. The median area of atelectasis was 5.2 cm² (range 1.6–12.2 cm²) and 8.5 cm² (3–23.1 cm²) in the groups given F_IO₂ 1.0 with or without CPAP/PEEP, respectively. After correction for body mass index the difference between medians (2.9 cm²) was statistically significant (confidence interval 0.2–7.6 cm², p = 0.04). In the group given F_IO₂ 0.8, in which seven patients were ex- or current smokers, the median area of atelectasis was 8.2 cm² (1.8–14.7 cm²).

Conclusion. Compared with conventional ventilation, after correction for obesity, this ventilation strategy reduced the area of postoperative atelectasis in one of the intervention groups but not in the other group, which included a higher proportion of smokers.     

Effect of Ad-p16 combined with CDDP or As<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on human bladder cancer cells

Summary To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of combined use of p16-expressing adenovirus and chemotherapeutic agents CDDP or As₂O₃ on human bladder cancer cell line EJ, the human bladder cancer cell line EJ were transfected with adenovirus-mediated p16 gene (Ad-p16), with administration of cisplatin (CDDP) or arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃). The cell growth, morphological changes, cell cycle, apoptosis and molecular changes were measured using cell counting, reverse microscopy, flow cytometry, cloning formation, immunocytochemical assays andin vivo therapy experiments to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of such combined regimen. Ad-p16 transfer and CDDP or As₂O₃ administration to EJ cells could exert substantially stronger therapeutic effects than the single agent treatment. Especially inin vivo experiments, combined administration of p16 and CDDP or As₂O₃ induced almost tumor diminish compared to the partial tumor diminish induced by single agent. Moreover, delivery of Ad-p16, or administration of minimal-dose CDDP or As₂O₃ or combined regimen could induce massive apoptosis of EJ cell. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that administration of CDDP or As₂O₃ remarkably arrested EJ cell in G₁ prior to apoptotic cell death. When treated with combined regimen, cells were arrested in G₁ to a greater extent prior to apoptotic cell death. It is concluded that after introduction into EJ cell, Ad-p16 shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy for EJ cell when used in combination with CDDP or As₂O₃. ZHU Zhaohui, male, born in 1968, Doctor in Charge The project was supported by the grants from Project 863 (No. Z20-01-02).     

Fenton法处理DMF废水及无机阴离子对反应的影响

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）作为一种万能溶剂在工业中被广泛应用,但它有毒性、难以生物降解。本文采用Fenton法处理DMF模拟废水,考察了pH、反应时间、氧化剂投加量等条件对处理效果的影响,同时探讨了Cl^-和SO₄^2-对反应的影响。研究结果表明：处理1 g/L的DMF模拟废水,最佳反应条件为：w=30% H₂O₂的投加量为40 mL/L,pH=2.0,n（H₂O₂）：n（Fe²⁺）=3：1,反应时间2.5 h,在该条件下出水化学需氧量（COD）小于100 mg/L;Cl^-对Fenton法处理DMF废水有着十分强的抑制作用,1 g/L就会使出水COD由90 mg/L上升到250 mg/L;而SO₄^2-对Fenton反应的处理效果影响很小,当ρ_SO4^2->10 g/L时有一定的促进作用。     

Separation and expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of digestive systemin Vitro and their cytotoxicity

Summary Primary tumor tissues in the digestive system were harvested form 15 patients. By mincing, enzymatic digestion and gradient density separation, sufficient TILs (>5 × 10⁶) were obtained from 13 of 15 (88. 7 %) patientsin vitro in the presence of 500 μ/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 and 5 % fetal calf serum after one month culture. 92. 3 % (12/13) of TILs proliferated wellin vitro (92. 3%). TILs expanded from 10²-folds to 10³-folds after being cultured for one month. CD₂₅ ⁺ cell of the most fresh TILs was more than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. CD₂₅ ⁺ cells of TILs during 4th week of the culture was significantly greater (P <0. 01) than that of fresh TILs. CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ ratio was decreased during four culture weeks because of increase of CD₈ cells. By using modified colonmetric MTT assay for measuring activity of TILs against various tumor cells the results showed that cytotoxicity of gastro-intestinal TILs amtologous tumor cells is greater than on the other tumor cells.     

Study on the Correlation of Plasma NO, ET-1 and ALT in the Patients with Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

Nitric oxide ( NO) is a small molecular sub-stance with many biological functions.NO is an un-stable molecule with free radical( or group) struc-ture. Its half life in vivo is 1 to 5s and is reduced tothe stable terminal products( NO2 -/NO3 -) quickly.Atpresent,many researchers reported that the levelof NO is related with the degree of liver disease. Wedetermined the levels of NO,endothelin- 1 ( ET- 1 )and ALT in the in- patients with chronic hepatitis Band active cirrhosisand analyze t…     

地鳖多糖提取物的体内外抗氧化作用

【摘要】 目的 研究地鳖多糖提取物体内外抗氧化作用。 方法 体外试验通过采用分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和Fe2 -邻二氮菲法分别检测地鳖多糖对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH?)、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-?）和羟自由基（OH?）的清除,检测体外红细胞氧化溶血和肝脏线粒体肿胀程度。体内试验采用小鼠连续灌胃不同剂量（0、40、80、160mg/kg）地鳖多糖提取物20天,硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）比色法法测定小鼠不同组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,分光光度法检测抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GSH-PX）活力 结果 与对照组比较,地鳖多糖组对自由基（DPPH?、O2-?和OH?）清除率随多糖浓度升高而显著提高;地鳖多糖浓度在0.4~2mg/mL范围内其对铁还原力逐渐提高;体外红细胞氧化溶血和线粒体肿胀显著降低。多糖组小鼠肝肾组织和血清中MDA含量降低,SOD、CAT、GSH-PX抗氧化酶活力提高并明显高于对照组。结论 地鳖多糖提取物能够清除自由基,降低自由基引起细胞氧化损伤,抑制组织中过氧化物生成,提高抗氧化酶活力,具有显著的体内外抗氧化作用。