高红细胞分布宽度水平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血不良预后的预测价值

目的 评估红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)患者功能预后的相关性.方法 回顾性纳入和分析2015年1月至2019年1月于同济大学附属第十人民医院接受治疗的262例aSAH患者的一般及临床资料.根据发病后3个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好(mRS评分≤2分)组及预后不良(mRS评分>2分)组,并进行组间各因素的单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,分析RDW与aSAH患者预后的关系.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析RDW在预测aSAH患者预后中的作用,并将截断值作为临界值对所有患者进行不同RDW水平的分组,分析两组患者间各因素的差异.结果 多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高水平RDW是aSAH患者功能预后不良的独立危险因子(OR=6.144,95%CI:2.641~14.296,P<0.01).ROC曲线分析表明,RDW预测功能预后的曲线下面积为0.829(95%CI:0.770~0.887,P<0.01).当截断值为12.25%,RDW≥12.25%时,RDW预测不良预后的敏感度为69.6%,特异度为80.3%.与入院时RDW<12,25%患者比较,入院时RDW水平较高(RDW≥12.25%)的患者,其Hunt-Hess分级较高,Fisher分级较高,急性脑积水、分流依赖性脑积水、迟发性脑缺血发生率较高,短期预后较差,病死率较高.结论 RDW是aSAH患者3个月不良预后的独立预测因子.     

RDW及GGT在高龄冠心病患者合并肺部感染预后评估的价值

目的 分析红细胞分布宽度（RDW）及γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）对高龄冠心病患者合并肺部感染预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月~2021年1月空军军医大学附属西京医院共256例高龄（年龄＞80岁）冠心病合并肺部感染患者的临床资料,根据临床预后分为预后良好组及预后不良组,采用二分类多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果 与预后良好组比较,预后不良组年龄、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、N端-B型钠尿肽前体（NT-proBNP）、肌酐（CRE）、降钙素原（PCT）、平均动脉压（MAP）、RDW、GGT均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（p＜0.05）;多因素logistic回归分析显示,RDW（OR：4.167,95%CI：1.579～10.995,P =0.004）、GGT （OR：1.011,95%CI：1.001～1.021,P=0.039）为高龄冠心病患者合并肺部感染预后不良的独立危险因素。RDW对预后评估的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.824,诊断临界值为15.15,敏感度、特异度分别为82.5%、 81.3%。GGT对预后评估的AUC为0.748,诊断临界值为40.15,敏感度、特异度分别为87.5%、67.5%;两者的联合预测因子对预后评估的AUC为0.860,诊断临界值为0.239,敏感度、特异性分别为81.3%、80.4%。结论 高龄冠心病患者合并肺部感染,病情隐匿,易出现不良预后,RDW、GGT可以作为预测高龄冠心病患者合并肺部感染预后不良的指标之一,为临床医生的早期诊断及干预提供一定的指导意义     

快速序贯器官功能衰竭评分联合红细胞分布宽度对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值

目的研究快速序贯器官功能衰竭评分(qSOFA)联合红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。方法选取2016年6月至2019年6月在河北北方学院附属第一医院急诊科收治的老年脓毒症患者124例进行回顾性研究。根据30d的预后情况分为存活组(78例)和死亡组(46例)。主要收集患者实验室检验数据、急性生理慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)和qSOFA评分。采用t检验、秩和检验及χ2检验比较组间差异;采用Cox回归模型分析预后影响因素;采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析不同qSOFA、RDW患者预后的差异;采用ROC曲线分析qSOFA、RDW对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。结果与存活组相比,死亡组患者的RDW、肌酐、降钙素原、APACHEⅡ评分、qSOFA评分明显增加(P<0.05);Cox回归分析显示,RDW、APACHEⅡ、qSOFA是脓毒症患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05);Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,不同qSOFA、RDW患者的预后情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在logistic回归模型中生成qSOFA联合RDW预测老年脓毒症患者预后的新指标(-5.728+0.505×qSOFA+0.339×RDW),并进行ROC曲线分析,结果显示合成指标对老年脓毒症患者的预后具有预测价值,最佳截断点为-0.6144,其灵敏度和特异度分别为60.87%和79.49%,优于单一指标。结论qSOFA和RDW是老年脓毒症患者预后的影响因素,qSOFA联合RDW用于预测老年脓毒症患者预后具有更高的灵敏度和特异度。     

中心静脉血氧饱和度、下腔静脉呼吸变异指数对脓毒症休克机械通气患者容量反应有评估作用

摘要 目的：评估中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）、下腔静脉呼吸变异指数（IVC-rvi）对脓毒症休克机械通气患者容量反应的价值，分析其与乳酸清除率（LCR）的相关性。方法： 回顾性分析78例脓毒症休克患者的临床资料，患者均进行机械通气与容量负荷试验。根据心脏指数（CI）分为有反应组37例（CI≥15%）和无反应组41例（CI<15%），分析负荷试验前、后ScvO2、IVC-rci、LCR情况，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，评估ScvO2、IVC-rci对负荷试验有反应者的预测价值。 采用Pearson相关性分析LCR与ScvO2、IVC-rvi的相关性。 结果：有反应组负荷前、后ScvO2、乳酸低于无反应组，IVC-rvi高于无反应组（P均<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，ScvO2、IVC-rvi预测有反应患者的AUC为0.617、0.741；两项联合预测AUC为0.864，灵敏度91.9%，特异性78.0%。Pearson相关性分析显示LCR与ScvO2、IVC-rvi呈显著正相关（r=0.526、0.541,P均<0.05）。结论： ScvO2、IVC-rvi对预测脓毒症休克机械通气患者容量反应具有一定价值，但两者联合预测效果更好，且两指标与LCR存在明显相关性。     

红细胞分布宽度对老年社区获得性肺炎危险分层及预后的评估价值

目的 探讨红细胞分布宽度（RDW）对老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）病情危重程度的关系及对预后的评估价值。方法 采用回顾性研究的方法.选取2014年1月至2015年5月，上海市浦东新区周浦医院ICU收治的符合社区获得性肺炎（CAP）诊断的老年患者88例，收集患者一般资料，检测血降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血常规、N氨基末端脑钠肽（NT-proBNP）、D-二聚体检查，行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE II）及肺炎严重度评分(PSI)。根据28天预后分为存活组(52例)与死亡组（36例）。分析RDW与PSI评分的关系。采用Logistic回归分析确定老年CAP预后的独立危象因素。绘制受试者工作（ROC）曲线评估RDW与生物标志物组合对老年CAP的预后的预测价值。结果 1.死亡组的RDW、D-二聚体、APACHE II评分及PSI评分明显高于存活组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）；2.RDW随着PSI评分升高而升高，两者呈正相关关系（r=0.49 P＜0.01）；3..RDW、D-二聚体、APACHE II评分及PSI评分均是老年CAP患者28天死亡的独立预测因素；4. RDW、D-二聚体的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.81、0.76，截断值分别为12.98%，0.43mg/L。RDW联合D-二聚体的AUC为0.86。结论 RDW对老年CAP患者有一定的危险分层级预后评估价值。联合检测RDW及D-二聚体能提高老年CAP预后的评估价值。     

右心房压力和混合静脉血氧饱和度比值在肺动脉高压恶化中的预测价值

目的:评估基于右心导管术的血流动力学参数对肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)患者病情恶化的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析120例经右心导管检查确诊为毛细血管前PAH患者的血流动力学参数。根据有无病情恶化将患者分为病情恶化组和无恶化组,比较两组患者基线水平的血流动力学参数差异性,并以Cox回归分析评估影响PAH患者病情恶化进展时间的相关危险因素。结果:85例(70.8%)患者的随访期内出现PAH病情恶化。与无病情恶化组患者相比,病情恶化组患者具有较低的心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)、较高的右心房压力(right atrial pressure,RAP)、较高的肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance,PVR)、较低的混合静脉血氧饱和度(mixed venous oxygen saturation,SVO_2)和较高的RAP与SVO_2比值(cSVO_2)。Cox回归分析证实,cSVO_2(HR=2.50,95%CI:1.86~5.59,P=0.001)与患者的PAH病情恶化的进展时间具有较强的相关性。结论:RAP和cSVO_2是PAH患者病情恶化的独立危险因素,可用于PAH患者的预后评估。     

红细胞分布宽度与脑梗死患者近期预后的相关性

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与脑梗死患者近期预后的相关性。方法回顾性地分析159例首次诊断为脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据RDW中位数水平分为RDW低值组（n=80）和RDW高值组（n=79）。比较两组患者一般临床资料、实验室指标及死亡率的差异性。再根据临床转归分为两组,即存活组（n=144）和死亡组（n=15）,比较其RDW水平及其他实验室指标的差异性。采用多重线性回归（逐步回归法）分析预后不良与各因素的相关性。建立RDW预测患者死亡的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,以约登指数法找到RDW预测死亡的最佳截断值。结果RDW高值组的死亡率显著高于低值组（16．5％坩2．5％,P=0．003）。死亡组患者入院时的RDW水平显著高于存活组[（12．86±1．25）％VS（11．59±1．25）％,P=0．000]。RDW水平与预后不良呈线性正相关（标准偏回归系数=0．146,P=0．032）o用RDW预判死亡,其ROC曲线下面积为0．782（95％C10．668-0．896）,最佳截断值为12．35,准确度为78．6％。结论入院时的RDw水平与脑梗死患者近期预后密切相关,对判断预后有重要参考价值。     

红细胞分布宽度对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者长期预后的预测价值

目的 探讨红细胞分布宽度（red cell volume distribution width，RDW）对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者长期预后的预测价值。方法 连续入选我院2012年12月1日至2014年10月31日行介入治疗的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者879例 [病例来源时间]，基于受试者工作特征曲线确定的最佳阈值将患者分为低RDW组（n=482，RDW≤14.28）和高RDW组（n=397，RDW>14.28）。采用 Kaplan-Meier法评估两组患者的无心血管事件生存率并采用 Log-rank 检验进行比较，通过Cox回归分析研究RDW对此类患者长期预后的影响。结果 高RDW组的全因死亡率及心源性死亡率均显著高于低RDW组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。Cox回归分析显示，RDW是此类患者全因死亡及心源性死亡的独立危险因素[结果部分应列举主要数据，并修改英文摘要]。 结论 RDW可作为一项简单有效预测此类患者长期预后的临床指标，RDW>14.28的患者预后较差。     

红细胞分布宽度对心脏再同步化治疗患者预后的风险评估作用

目的:探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对接受心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的心力衰竭(心衰)患者临床预后的影响及相关因素分析。方法:回顾性调查在本院行首次CRT植入术的264例心衰患者临床资料。定义随访终点为全因死亡(包括心脏移植)和心衰再住院。以CRT植入术后1年内全因死亡为因变量绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,根据敏感度和特异度之和最大值找到RDW的最佳界值(cut-off值)。以RDW的最佳界值将患者分为2组,对基线资料行相关性分析,对随访结果做Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox回归,并评价RDW对各临床终点事件的预测价值。结果:ROC曲线预测患者1年内全因死亡的RDW界值为13.75%(P=0.006,曲线下面积0.638,敏感度0.538,特异度0.747)。相关性分析显示,RDW与高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、左房前后径(LAd)呈正相关(r=0.233,P0.01;r=0.289,P0.01)。RDW≥13.75%组纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级高于RDW13.75%组。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,在全因死亡和心衰再住院方面RDW≥13.75%组均明显劣于RDW13.75%组(log-rank检验:P0.01;P=0.006)。单因素及多因素Cox回归在校正年龄和性别后,RDW≥13.75%(HR=2.078,95%CI:1.014~4.262,P=0.046)仍是CRT患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,但在心衰再住院方面无统计学意义(HR=1.386,95%CI:0.833~2.306,P=0.209);LAd(HR=1.038,95%CI:1.003~1.074,P=0.031)是心衰再住院的独立危险因素。结论:RDW与患者的心衰严重程度相关。RDW≥13.75%提示CRT患者远期死亡及心脏移植风险增加。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关肺动脉高压患者血清血管活性肠肽水平变化及其与预后的关系

目的 观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）相关肺动脉高压（PH）患者血清血管活性肠肽（VIP）水平变化,探讨COPD相关PH患者血清VIP水平与预后的关系。方法 选取COPD患者226例,根据是否合并PH分为COPD+PH组76例及COPD组150例。抽取患者空腹肘静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清VIP水平。对COPD相关PH患者随访1年,记录预后情况,采用Cox回归分析血清VIP水平对COPD相关PH患者预后的影响。结果 COPD+PH组血清VIP水平低于COPD组（P<0.05）。76例COPD相关PH患者中,预后良好44例、预后不良32例。Cox回归分析显示,COPD相关PH患者血清VIP水平与预后有关（HR=0.391,95%CI 0.162～0.945,P<0.05）。结论 COPD相关PH患者血清VIP水平降低,血清VIP低水平与COPD相关PH患者不良预后有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.