体外与非体外循环对冠状动脉旁路移植术后谵妄的影响

比较体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者术后谵妄发生率的影响。方法：回顾性分析阜外医院SICU自2020年1月至2021年4月收治的单纯行冠脉搭桥患者信息,根据手术方式分为体外循环组和非体外循环组。比较两组患者的基本信息、基础疾病,术前超声EF值和术前血肌酐水平。终点指标为两组患者住院期间的谵妄发生率。结果：共607例患者纳入本研究,其中体外循环组495例,非体外循环组112例。两组患者年龄、性别比例、基础疾病（高血压、糖尿病、既往卒中史）、术前最后一次EF值、术前血肌酐值均无统计学差异。术中平均搭桥个数两组无统计学差异,体外循环组平均转机时间123.7±46.8分钟,阻断89.9±33.6分钟。术后呼吸机使用时间两组无统计学差异。ICU停留时间体外循环组高于非体外组（3.0±1.8 vs 2.5±1.7天,t：2.603,p：0,009）。术后MACCE事件及CRRT两组均无统计学差异。体外循环组105例患者发生谵妄（21.2%）,非体外循环组14例发生术后谵妄（12.5%）。基于倾向性评分的逆概率加权回归分析提示OR值为2.402（95%CI, 1.337-4.317）,P=0.004。结论：非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术可降低术后患者谵妄的发生率。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术不同术式的临床疗效比较

目的对比研究冠心病患者体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术效果。方法106例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者分为两组,体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组59例,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组47例,对两组相关指标进行对比分析。结果两组在平均搭桥支数、平均动脉桥支数、死亡率以及术后并发症的发生率方面无明显差异(P>0.05);而非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组术后呼吸机支持时间、ICU天数、平均住院天数以及胸腔引流量和输血量均低于体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组(P<0.05)。结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术均是冠心病外科治疗有效的方法;与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术相比,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在缩短呼吸机支持时间、减少胸腔引流量、输血量和平均住院天数等方面具有一定的优势。     

老年冠心病患者在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术临床疗效及近期心功能变化的对比研究

目的比较老年冠心病患者在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效及近期心功能变化。方法选取2012年6月—2015年3月在延安大学附属医院接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的老年冠心病患者98例,按是否在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术分为体外循环组(n=35)与非体外循环组(n=63)。两组患者术前均常规全身麻醉,体外循环组患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术,非体外循环组患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术。比较两组患者手术及术后情况、术前及术后3个月心功能指标〔左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)〕及术后并发症发生情况。结果非体外循环组患者手术时间、ICU治疗时间、术后机械通气时间、住院时间均短于体外循环组(P0.05);两组患者手术前后LVEF和LVEDD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);体外循环组患者术后并发症发生率为68.6%,高于非体外循环组的28.6%(P0.05)。结论在体外循环与非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术对老年冠心病患者近期心功能均无明显影响,但在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效较优,能缩短患者手术时间、术后机械通气时间,且安全性更高。     

非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的对比研究

96例冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者,按照术式的不同分为非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)组46例和常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)组50例.两组患者均于术前1 d及术后4 h、24 h、72 h、5 d、7 d空腹采集静脉血,检测血清cTnI、CK-MB及血脂水平;观察并比较两组患者术后呼吸机辅助时间和围手术期并发症发生率以及ICU停留时间、术后住院时间.发现术后4、24 h,CCABG组cTnI和CK-MB水平均明显高于OPCAB组;术后72 h,两组cTnI水平亦有明显差异;两组术后血脂水平无明显差异.提示OPCAB对心肌的损伤程度低于CCABG;OPCAB可减少呼吸机辅助时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间,可降低肾功能不全、呼吸功能不全的发生率.     

两种介入手术方案对多支病变冠心病患者围术期临床指标、生存率及术后并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术与一站式复合冠状动脉血运重建术对多支病变冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者围术期临床指标、生存率及术后并发症发生率的影响。方法研究对象选取青岛阜外心血管病医院2007年3月至2011年7月收治的多支病变冠心病患者共110例,其中,行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术共82例设为对照组,行一站式复合冠状动脉血运重建术共28例设为观察组。比较两组围术期临床指标、随访3年生存率及术后并发症发生率等。结果观察组术中输血率、呼吸机辅助时间、术后胸腔积液量、重症监护病房停留时间及住院时间均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组随访期间生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术与一站式复合冠状动脉血运重建术对多支病变冠心病具有接近的临床疗效及安全性;同时,一站式复合冠状动脉血运重建术可有效减少术中创伤,缩短呼吸机使用时间,并有助于加快病情康复进程。     

2型糖尿病对行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者的影响

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)对行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者的影响。方法选取2013年5月—2015年4月在聊城市第二人民医院行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者107例,根据T2DM发生情况分为对照组(未合并T2DM,n=50)和观察组(合并T2DM,n=57)。比较两组患者手术前后心功能指标[包括左心房内径(LA)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)]、手术相关指标(包括术后总引流量、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、ICU监护时间、住院时间)及术后并发症发生率。结果术前两组患者LA、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组患者LVEDD长于对照组,LVEF低于对照组(P0.05),而两组患者LA、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后总引流量、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、ICU监护时间、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 T2DM会在一定程度上影响冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心功能,应予以重视。     

非体外循环与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠心病的对比分析

目的：探讨重症冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的可行性和优越性。方法：回顾性分析425例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床资料。其中非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB组）268例,占63．1％;常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG组）157例。比较两组术后早期死亡率及合并症的发生情况。结果：OPCAB组搭桥（4．09±0．75）支／人,CCABG组搭桥（4．17±0．86）支／人（P〉0．05）。两组新发心房纤颤、围术期心肌梗塞、肾功能不全、肺部并发症发生率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。与CCABG组比较,OPCAB组手术死亡率、呼吸机使用时间、ICU停留时间、术后输血量、二次开胸率、神经系统并发症发生率明显降低或减少（P〈0．05～〈0．01）。结论：非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术在重症冠心病患者中安全可行,临床效果好。     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术对糖尿病患者术后早期结果的影响

目的探讨糖尿病对冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术病死率和并发症发生率的影响作用.方法回顾分析1995年10月-2004年1月958例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,其中191例并发糖尿病.糖尿病和无糖尿病患者按是否应用体外循环进一步分为四组,对四组患者术前、术后资料进行对比分析.结果糖尿病组应用体外循环患者手术病死率为5.6%,糖尿病组不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术患者为2.1%.结论糖尿病是影响冠状动脉旁路移植术预后的危险因素,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术能显著减少糖尿病患者的手术病死率和并发症发生率.     

全球急性冠状动脉综合征注册评分在冠状动脉旁路移植术患者治疗中的评估价值

目的:探讨全球急性冠状动脉综合征注册(GRACE)评分在冠状动脉旁路移植术患者治疗中的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月,在我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术手术的患者100例,统计患者入院时GRACE评分,收集患者冠状动脉造影结果、冠状动脉旁路移植术手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU监护治疗时间、住院天数、术后心功能指标(EF值)及术后并发症等相关指标,分析患者GRACE评分与疾病危重指标的相关性。结果:冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后第1天APACHE II评分、总住院天数、冠状动脉旁路移植术手术时间、ICU监护治疗时间随GRACE评分升高而升高(r值分别为0.601,0.695,0.759,0.310及0.318,P0.05),与术后心功能指标(EF)呈负相关(r=-0.543,P0.001)。低、中、高危三组患者手术时间、呼吸机辅助时间、住院天数、APACHE II评分及EF值组内差异明显。低危组与高危组、中危组与高危组出院时间、呼吸机辅助时间、APACHE II评分、EF值的组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。低危组与高危组的手术时间组间差异明显(P0.05)。结论:在冠状动脉旁路移植术手术患者中,GRACE评分对评估患者的危重程度有重要价值。     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效分析

目的:探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）早期疗效的差异。方法: 采集自2003年10月~2008年1月我院单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术5325例临床资料,分为CCABG组（343例）与OPCABG组（4 982例）。对两组患者各项术前因素、术中因素、手术死亡率及并发症进行比较。结果: OPCABG组实际手术死亡率（1.7％）明显低于CCABG组（6.7％）,P<0.01;术后二次开胸止血、肾功能不全等并发症的发生率及ICU停留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院时间都低于CCABG组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。风险调整后CCABG组手术死亡率仍高于OPCABG组6个百分点,术后并发症的发生率均略高于OPCABG组（P<0.05）。结论: CCABG与OPCABG早期临床疗效均令人满意,后者更好一些。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.