Breast osteosarcoma originating from a malignant phyllodes tumor: A case report of a rare neoplasm

Rationale:Malignant phyllodes tumors with osteosarcomatous transformation are exceedingly rare. The clinical manifestations are similar to those associated with benign giant calcification, resulting in nonspecific and complex clinical symptoms.Patient concerns:A 59-year-old woman presented with a firm, painless, movable, 5.0 × 4.0 cm lump in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast that she had detected 1 month prior.Diagnoses:Breast osteosarcoma originating from a malignant phyllodes tumor was confirmed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation.Interventions:The patient underwent a wide local excision.Outcomes:The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged after the operation. The 6-month postoperative follow-up assessment revealed no evidence of recurrence.Lessons:Diagnosing malignant phyllodes tumors with osteosarcomatous transformation requires a high level of suspicion and awareness by both surgeons and pathologists. They should be aware of the extent of such disease, which might be mistaken as benign giant calcification. Medical history and imaging findings are important for accurate diagnosis. Phyllodes tumor with an osteosarcomatous component is an aggressive neoplasm associated with distant metastasis. Delayed diagnosis and insufficient excision might negatively impact both treatment and survival.     

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumor: A rare case report

Rationale:Duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (d-NET) is a rare tumor originating in the neuroendocrine system. The clinical manifestations of d-NET are similar to those of other digestive tract tumors, resulting in a lack of specificity and complex clinical symptoms.Patient concerns:A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of an abdominal mass that had been present for more than 4 months.Diagnoses:The upper abdomen enhanced computed tomography scan showed an uneven density mass across the upper abdomen, and the tumor size was approximately 6.2 × 5.8 cm with obvious visible enhancement present in 1 area and a cystic nonenhanced area. The postoperative pathology showed the tumor cells to be positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, cytokeratin, CD56 (partial weak), negative for vimentin, CD117, DOG-1, CD34, S-100, SMA, desmin, and Ki-67 approximately 2%, which confirmed the diagnosis of d-NETs.Interventions:We preferred laparoscopic surgical exploration, but the tumor started at the ascending part of the duodenum and involved the mesenteric artery. As the branches of the superior mesenteric artery were intertwined with the tumor, it was difficult to operate with the endoscope, so we converted to open laparotomy. The postoperative pathology revealed the presence of d-NET.Outcomes:The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged after the operation. One-month and 3-month follow-up after surgery, showed no evidence of recurrence.Lessons:Radiological imaging studies are insufficient for the differential diagnosis of abdominal mass from other diseases, whereas surgery is the only radical treatment method, and the preferred surgical method is still active radical resection of the tumor.     

Primary malignant liver mesenchymal tumor: a case report

Primary malignant liver mesenchymal tumor is a rare condition defined as a tumor with vascular, fibrous, adi-pose, and other mesenchymal tissue differentiation. We report a case of primary malignant liver mesenchymal tumor in a 51-year-old male with anemia, weight loss and hepatomegaly. Finally unconventional liver biopsy and histological manifestation led to the definitive diag-nosis.     

Neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing somatostatin： A highly malignant, rare tumor

Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, although rare, deserve particular attention, as they are aggressive and have an extremely poor prognosis. In this report we describe a gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with rapidly fatal outcome. Immunohistological staining of the resected specimens revealed that the tumor was an endocrine carcinoma. The tumor disclosed intense immunoreactivity to pan-neuroendocrine markers and diffuse somatostatin immunoreactivity. There were no psammoma bodies and no demonstrable association with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. In the gastrointestinal tract, neuroendocrine tumors producing predominantly somatostatin have been described only in the duodenum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the second case report of a neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing diffusely somatostatin as the only neuroendocrine regulatory peptide.     

A rare cause of persistent atelectasis in childhood: mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A 12-year-old boy presented to our clinic with recurrent lower respiratory tract symptoms that are wheezing, cough, bronchopneumonia, and fever and with a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. Physical examination revealed that breath sounds diminished in the left lower lobe. Because cardiac sounds and echocardiography were normal bacterial endocarditis was excluded. Chest radiograph and computerized tomography scan showed a left lower lobe atelectasis and consolidation. Despite medical therapy including antibiotics, bronchodilator etc, atelectasis persisted. Fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy (FFB) revealed a tumor that totally obstructed the left lower lobe bronchus. Open lung biopsy revealed a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Left lower lung lobectomy was performed. The patient is in good condition 12 months after the operation. We proposed that FFB should be performed earlier in patients with recurrent lower respiratory symptoms who have persistent atelectasis or unifocal infiltration.     

A rare cardiac tumor: the malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Description of a case]

The present report describes the case of a 61-year-old woman with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the left atrium originating from the left atrial free wall, operated on in emergency for a suspected large left atrial myxoma that, at the echo scan, was consistently protruding through the left atrioventricular orifice at each diastole and was almost completely occluding the left ventricular inflow, causing signs of congestive heart failure and severe dyspnea. Surgery was performed as radically as possible, but the histological examination of the specimen revealed the exact diagnosis of the neoplasm. About 75% of primary tumors are benign and 75% of these are atrial myxomas. The malignant tumors consist of various sarcomas: myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The long-term results for sarcomas are very poor and there are few survivors after several months from surgery due to the extent of local spread and invasion or because of the frequent distant metastases. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma constitutes about 2% of all cardiac malignancies, which might grow within several localized areas, occasionally in the heart. Echocardiography represents the best examination procedure for both diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiac tumors.     

支气管黏液表皮样癌的诊治(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的 总结支气管黏液表皮样癌的临床诊治经验.方法 分析我科收治的1例支气管黏液表皮样癌患者的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 该患者术后随访半年未见复发及转移,结合文献资料,支气管黏液表皮样癌为低度恶性肿瘤.结论 手术是治疗支气管黏液表皮样癌的首选方法.     

原发性肺黏液表皮样癌1例报告并文献复习

目的 提高对原发性肺黏液表皮样癌的认识.方法 结合1例原发性黏液表皮样癌患者的临床资料,搜集13篇国内文献的199例患者的临床资料以及复习国内外相关文献,分析、归纳该病的临床表现、影像学特点、病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后.结果 原发性肺黏液表皮样癌的临床症状为咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、胸痛,但症状缺乏特异性.胸片常显示出肺不张或肺炎,CT主要表现为光滑分叶状或息肉状肿块伴远端支气管黏液嵌塞和肺不张.病理学检查主要特征是可见不同比例的黏液分泌细胞、鳞状表皮样细胞以及中间型细胞组成,未见角化.治疗首选手术,放、化疗治疗效果目前没有得到肯定.预后相较于传统的非小细胞肺癌更好.结论 原发性肺黏液表皮样癌罕见,容易误诊,应充分认识该病的有关特点,提高疗效,改善预后.     

A rare collision tumor of squamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma in esophagus involved with separate lymph nodes: a case report

We report a case of an esophageal collision tumor composed of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (SmCC). A 66-year-old man complained of chest pain after oral intake for nearly one month. The patient received two cycles of neoadjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy and enhanced computed tomography showed a partial response of the tumor. He then underwent a thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy with extensive mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Two cycles of chemotherapy and prophylactic irradiation of the lymphatic drainage region were sequentially achieved after surgery. The patient has survived for more than 18 months with no evidence of recurrent disease since surgical resection.KEYWORDS : Esophageal cancer, collision tumor, small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma     

Double primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver--a case report

Double primary mucoepidermoid-hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver is extremely rare, and only one case has previously been reported in the literature, although there have been about 14 cases of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver. Most of the reported hepatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed a poor prognosis. We presently report the second case of a double primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma with a brief review of the published literature. A 52-year-old man was admitted because of epigastric pain that lasted for 2 months. A computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 7-cm, ill-defined mass with irregular marginal enhancement in the left lobe of liver. Another 2-cm nodular tumor was found in segment 8 of the right lobe. The two separate nodules in the patient's liver demonstrated clearly different histologic and immunohistochemical features. The pathological diagnoses were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma for the larger and the smaller tumors, respectively. The patient died of liver failure 6 months after a left lobectomy of the liver.     

Clinicopathological analysis and genomic profiling of a rare histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor: A case report

Rationale:Skeletal muscle tumors are traditionally classified as rhabdomyomas or rhabdomyosarcomas. However, some soft tissue tumors cannot easily be identified as benign or malignant. We report a case of a histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor, with pathologic characteristics distinct from either rhabdomyoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. In contrast to rhabdomyosarcomas, the tumor cells exhibited low mitotic activity, lacking obvious morphologic atypia. Clinically, the tumor followed a very indolent course. Overall, the tumor did not fit classification criteria for either benign or malignant.Patient concerns:A 58-year-old Chinese man was admitted to Qilu Hospital on September 8, 2018, with a >20 year history of a mass in the middle of the left thigh. A few months prior to admission, he had experienced the pain from the mass extending to the distal left lower extremity. He had no prior history of significant disease or relevant family history.Diagnoses:Microscopically, numerous histiocytes and foamy cells covered the actual tumor cells that were positive for desmin, MyoD1, and myogenin, suggesting striated skeletal muscle cell differentiation. However, cross-striations were not detected in the tumor cells. The tumor was characterized by a non-infiltrative growth pattern and a low level of Ki67. A diagnosis of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor was suggested.Interventions:The thigh mass was surgically resected September 12, 2018.Outcomes:The patient recovered well postoperatively, and was free of tumor recurrence or metastasis, followed to September 12, 2020 (23 months).Lessons:Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor cells have minor atypia, indicating possible malignant potential. However, the tumor behavior was quit indolent. Due to the conflicting clinical and pathologic aspects of the tumor, to label it as rhabdomyosarcoma seemed inaccurate, potentially prompting over treatment. Interestingly, mutations were detected in NF1, AXIN2, CHEK2, DNMT3A, KMT2D, and RB1 through next-generation sequencing. These mutations suggest disruptions in Ras signaling, the Wnt pathway, methyltransferases, and the cell cyclepotentially influencing the development of this histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor. This unusual tumor should be incorporated into the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors owing to its unique characteristics.     

Video-assisted sleeve lobectomy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the left lower lobar bronchus: a case report

We report what we believe to be the first case of video-assisted sleeve lobectomy in an adolescent girl who had experienced recurrent episodes of lobar pneumonia and received a diagnosis of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the left lower lobar bronchus.     

Subperiosteal inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking primary malignant bone tumor: A case report

We report a case of IgG4-positive inflammatory pseudotumor mimicking malignant bone tumor. Biopsy revealed no tumor cells. Surgical excision was performed and an abscess developing beneath the periosteum was observed with Streptococcus constellatus. Preoperative serum IgG4 value of 120 mg/dl normalized postoperatively to 80.6 mg/dl. It was difficult to distinguish inflammatory pseudotumor from sarcoma because it developed under the periosteum. In such cases, it is important to measure blood IgG4 values and perform tissue staining and culturing.     

Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor (a case report)

A primary hepatic carcinoid tumor arising in a 77-year-old woman is reported. The patient was admitted with a huge tumor in the right lobe of the liver and treated by an extended right lobectomy of the liver. Light microscopic findings showed that the tumor cells had small oval-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm with small granules forming trabecular, glandular, and rosette patterns. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were stained positive with neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin and were stained slightly positive with chromogranin and carcinoembryonic antigen. Careful examination before and after the operation revealed no other origin of the tumor. Based on the findings, the liver tumor was diagnosed as a primary carcinoid. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rare tumor are discussed in this report.     

Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. A case report

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are exceptional and painful. The typical localization along a peripheral nerve is not always present. Prognosis is very poor. Diagnosis is particularly difficult because of the variable pathological presentation and unpredictable differentiation. We report an exceptional case of epithelioid differentiation in a 43-Year-old patient who complained of right thoracic pain for one and a half Years. Physical examination revealed weight loss and a paravertebral mass under the scapula. The chest x-ray showed a suprahilar opacity suggestive of parietal involvement and lysis of the sixth rib. Surgical biopsy of the parietal mass led to the diagnosis of epithelioid MPNST.     

Primary vaginal malignant melanoma: A rare case report of successful treatment with nivolumab

Rationale:Primary vaginal malignant melanoma is a sporadic and very aggressive tumor that is treated through surgery or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Since most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, the operation range is extensive, the quality of life is poor, and the prognosis is gloomy.Patient concerns:A 58-year-old woman presented irregular water-like leukorrhea for 1 month after 6 years of menopause. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a 3.1 × 2.6 × 3.2 mass on the middle and lower part of the right vaginal wall. A gynecological examination revealed a 2 to 3 cm exophytic black mass in the lower-right part of the vaginal orifice. This mass was 2 cm from the urethral orifice. Furthermore, the mucosa of the anterior inferior vaginal wall had blackened and thickened, and there were some scattered black dots at the medial labia minora.Diagnosis:Due to the patient''s symptoms with radiographic findings, the postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with primary vaginal malignant melanoma.Interventions:Surgery was done to remove the mass. The patient also underwent inguinal lymph node dissection, received immunotherapy, and was treated with nivolumab.Outcomes:After a 6-month follow-up period, the patient underwent a routine gynecological examination with negative radiological results. Moreover, no local recurrence or distant metastases were found.Lessons:This patient showed a good response to immunotherapy. With this treatment method, the prognosis is better for advanced-stage women, especially those who cannot endure the surgery. Local lesion resection and inguinal lymph node dissection combined with immunotherapy are recommended. The case reported here may help treat similar clinical cases.