泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌整合子Ⅰ和ISCR1结构及基因分型研究

目的研究从临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的整合子Ⅰ和ISCR1的分布及结构情况,并对其进行基因分型。方法分离自临床的57株鲍曼不动杆菌,PCR检测整合酶Ⅰ、整合子Ⅰ、ISCR1以及ISCR1可变区,PCR产物进行限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分型并进行测序分析可变区携带的耐药基因盒,ERIC-PCR进行基因分型。结果 49株整合酶I阳性,其中47株整合子I扩增阳性,RFLP分为2型,测序结果为aacA4-catB8-aadA1和drf17-aadA5。3株ISCR1以及ISCR1可变区扩增均阳性,可变区经RFLP分为1型,测序结果为orf513-qnrA1-ampR-qacEdeltal,ISCR1阳性菌整合子I均阳性,经ERIC-PCR检测将57株鲍曼不动杆菌分为27个基因型。结论Ⅰ类整合子广泛存在于鲍曼不动杆菌中,ISCRI携带率较低,氨基糖苷类、甲氧苄啶类和β-内酰胺类耐药基因盒较常见,ERIC-PCR可用于临床鲍曼不动杆菌的分子流行病学研究。     

整合子在鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药机制分析

目的:调查我院鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性;了解整合子类型以及整合子携带耐药基因盒特征。方法:收集我院临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌。细菌鉴定及药敏由MicroScan Walk Away 40仪器完成,整合子分类检测及开放阅读框扩增由PCR法完成。开放阅读框扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳及凝胶回收试剂盒回收纯化后进行DNA测序分析,测序结果在Genebank上作比对。结果:62株鲍曼不动杆菌有11株呈多重耐药,阳性率17.7%,11株鲍曼不动杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物阿米卡星,妥布霉素,庆大霉素均耐药,其余菌株较敏感。11株鲍曼不动杆菌中均检出整合子;进一步分类鉴定显示均为Ⅰ类整合子,未检出Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合子。开放阅读框可变区扩增产物为(0.3～2.5)KB不等条带,测序结果证实11株Ⅰ类整合子含有6个不同耐药基因盒:blam-1,orfX,aacA4,catB3,dfrA1,aadA1。其中7株均出现catB3,aacA4和dfrA1组合。结论:与其他报道相比较,我院鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药率相对较低,但耐药鲍曼不动杆菌携带整合子率较高,且均为Ⅰ类整合子;其整合子基因盒含有多种耐药基因编码,其中aacA4,catB3和dfrA1耐药基因组合在本地区占优势。     

铜绿假单胞菌整合子及其基因盒与耐药性的相关性研究

目的 调查致呼吸系统感染的铜绿假单胞菌中整合子的存在情况,研究整合子中基因盒与耐药表型的关系.方法 测定97株铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物的敏感性;应用简并引物PCR方法扩增整合子5'保守区的Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合酶基因,对阳性产物用限制性内切酶Hinf Ⅰ作限制片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析,并进行整合子分类;对整合酶阳性标...     

产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌中国分离株第1类整合子-基因盒的特征

目的：探讨产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌中国分离株携带第1类整合子的特征及所含基因盒的种类。方法：采用纸片扩散法对8株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌中国分离株进行抗生素耐药性监测;制备细菌转接合子,采用PCR技术鉴定第1类整合子,并对PCR产物测序及结果分析。结果：4株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌对复合磺胺、四环素、氨苄西林、环丙沙星表现多重耐药,其中2株同时对链霉素和壮观霉素耐药。PCR检测第1类整合子1 000 bp 2株,PCR产物测序1 000 bp整合子携带腺苷酰基转移酶(aadA1)基因盒并存在于7 800 bp可接合质粒上,与sul 1和qacEΔ1基因连锁,分别传递着对链霉素、壮观霉素、复合磺胺和季胺盐类消毒剂的耐药性。结论: 产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌中国分离株可接合质粒上第1类整合子携带的aadA1耐药基因盒是该菌株对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药产生和扩散的重要原因。     

血液中分离大肠埃希菌的Ⅰ类整合子分析

目的:分析从血液分离大肠埃希菌中I类整合子的流行情况。方法:对15株大肠埃希菌进行PCR扩增I类整合子,将扩增产物测序并分析其中的基因盒。结果:6株细菌含有I类整合子,整合子大小分别为600bp、1700bp,600bp整合子含基因盒dfr2d,1700bp整合子含基因盒dfr17-aadA5。结论:整合子在从血液分离大肠埃希中流行。     

沙门菌质粒DNA上整合子的分析

目的分析沙门菌质粒DNA上整合子的分子特征。方法用全自动细菌分析仪Mieroscan WalkAway40和纸片扩散法,对32株沙门菌进行抗生素敏感性测定,提取细菌质粒DNA,PCR扩增Ⅰ类整合子、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合酶,对扩增产物进行序列分析。结果12株细菌含有一个Ⅰ类整合子,整合子大小分别为1000bp和1700bp。1000bp整合子含基因盒aadAl,1700bp整合子含基因盒dfr17-aadA5,未检测到Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合酶。结论整合子在沙门菌中广泛存在,整合子是介导和传播细菌耐药性的重要分子机制。     

食品中大肠埃希菌耐药性与整合子的关系研究

目的研究食品中大肠埃希菌的整合子携带情况及其与耐药性之间的关系。方法PCR检测细菌总DNA中1、2、3类整合酶基因，确定细菌携带整合子的情况。阳性菌株进一步检测整合子的可变区，分析插入基因盒的序列。结果50株大肠埃希菌中19株携带1类整合子，2株携带2类整合子，集中分布在对4种以上抗生素耐药的菌株中。插入基因盒主要是dfr和aadA类基因盒，各种基因盒组合中最常见的是dfr17-aadA5。结论细菌的多重耐药性与整合子携带高度一致，但是单个菌株的耐药谱与整合子的耐药基因盒缺乏对应关系。     

肠道杆菌耐药性及其耐药相关Ⅰ类整合子可变区结构与进化

目的：了解大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌临床菌株耐药性,及其Ⅰ类整合子分布、可变区耐药基因盒与分子进化关系。 方法：采用K-B法检测大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对12种药物的敏感性。采用PCR及其产物测序检测上述菌株中Ⅰ类整合子携带率及可变区耐药基因盒。采用Clustal X和MEGA软件分析Ⅰ类整合子基因盒中耐药基因分子进化关系。 结果：鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用青霉素类和头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率为54.2%～100%,大肠埃希菌和阴沟肠杆菌对菌素类抗生素耐药率也高达41.6%～62.5%。62.5%（15/24）大肠埃希菌、67.9%（19/28）阴沟肠杆菌、83.3%（20/24）鲍曼不动杆菌检出Ⅰ类整合子,81.5%（44/54）Ⅰ类整合子呈现为4种单条带谱型,其余为3种双条带谱型。Ⅰ类整合子可变区耐药基因盒中存在aac(6′)、sad(3″)、aad(2″)、cat(4′)和dfr（7、A13和15）耐药基因,可分别介导细菌对氨基糖苷类、氯霉素和磺胺类抗生素耐药。根据二氢叶酸还原酶基因序列差异,上述菌株携带的Ⅰ类整合子可分成4个分子进化组。 结论：上述肠道杆菌耐药情况严重并携带高含多种耐药基因盒的Ⅰ类整合子,Ⅰ类整合子有4条不同的进化途径。     

临床分离多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌Ⅰ类整合子与ISCR1研究

目的 了解临床分离多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单保菌Ⅰ类整合子与插入序列共同区1(ISCR1)的分布情况.方法 2010年1月至2013年12月共收集我院126株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌和89株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌,采用PCR法扩增Ⅰ类整合酶、Ⅰ类整合子基因盒、ISCR1、ISCR1可变区.Ⅰ类整合基因盒和ISCR1可变区的PCR产物分别用HinfⅠ、RasⅠ进行酶切,相同类型酶切图谱的PCR产物随机挑取一例进行测序,测序结果在GenBank中用BlastN进行核酸序列同源性搜索.结果 在多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中,检出79例Ⅰ类整合酶,67例Ⅰ类整合子基因盒阳性,含有6种类型;59例ISCR1阳性,其中9例ISCR1可变区阳性.在89株多重耐药铜绿中,检出41例Ⅰ类整合酶,36例Ⅰ类整合子基因盒阳性,含有10种类型;9例ISCR1阳性,其中4例ISCR1可变区阳性.有8株鲍曼不动杆菌和2株铜绿假单胞菌同时携带Ⅰ类整合子和ISCR1可变区结构.结论 在多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌中,Ⅰ类整合子和ISCR1分布较广.     

健康学生大肠埃希菌第1类整合子的鉴定及特征

目的：探讨健康学生肠道大肠埃希菌携带第1类整合子的分布及所含基因盒的特征。方法：常规方法分离大肠埃希菌;纸片扩散法对10种抗生素进行耐药性监测和分析;PCR鉴定第1类整合子阳性株;PCR产物测序并对结果进行分析。结果：从97份标本中鉴定出大肠埃希菌76株,其中25株（32.8%）为多重耐药,耐药谱为复合磺胺-氨苄西林-四环素-红霉素-链霉素。25株中有14株(56.0%)鉴定出1类整合子,1 800 bp 10株, 750 bp 4株。PCR产物测序得知1 800 bp整合子携带aadA1-dfrA14-orf基因盒,传递对氨基糖苷类-磺胺类抗菌药物的耐药性;750 bp整合子携带dfrA14基因盒,传递对磺胺类抗菌药物的耐药性。结论: 不同种类的1类整合子存在于健康人大肠埃希菌中,携带耐药基因盒,决定多重耐药性。      

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌整合子和ISCR1结构及基因分型研究

目的 探讨临床分离多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌整合子I和ISCR1的结构,并进行基因分型.方法 分离临床80株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌,PCR检测整合酶I、整合子I、ISCR1以及ISCR1携带的耐药基因,ERIC-PCR进行基因分型.结果 多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌80株整合酶阳性,50株整合子I阳性,37株ISCR1携带的耐药基因阳性,ERIC-PCR分为22个类型.结论 整合子I和ISCR1在鲍曼不动杆菌介导多重耐药方面有重要作用,ERIC-PCR是研究临床分离多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌基因分型的有效方法之一.     

革兰阴性杆菌中1类整合子的分布与耐药关系

[目的]在革兰阴性杆菌中检测1类整合子,并分析整合子对细菌耐药性的影响.[方法]用VITEK-AMS微生物自动分析仪鉴定细菌和药敏试验,用PCR方法扩增1类整合酶基因,经电泳后检测扩增产物.[结果]266株革兰阴性细菌中检测出1类整合子66株,检出率为24.8%.主要阳性菌为大肠埃希菌34.3%(24/70)、肺炎克雷伯菌48.1%(26/54)、阴沟肠杆菌30%(6/20)、铜绿假单胞菌15.6%(7/45)、鲍曼不动杆菌4.8%(2/42)、产气肠杆菌20%(1/5).1类整合子阳性菌对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类及头孢菌素类药物表现出较高的耐药率.携带1类整合子菌株易表现出对至少4种抗菌素的多重耐药性,其多重耐药率为68.2%(45/66),明显高于1类整合子阴性菌株(28.5%),P＜0.05.[结论]1类整合子广泛地存在革兰阴性细菌中,1类整合子对细菌多重耐药性的产生和传播起着重要作用,应加强临床细茵基因水平的耐药监测,采取有效措施防止耐药性的传播.     

整合子-基因盒系统与细菌耐药性

细菌耐药性的获得和传播主要与整合子-基因盒系统有关。它在细菌中捕获外来耐药基因水平传递,从而在整合子中形成多种耐药基因的组合和排列,是细菌耐药性传播的机制之一。一个整合子可捕获一个或多个基因盒,组成多重耐药整合子,介导细菌的耐药性。携带重组基因盒的整合子能插入到转座子或接合性质粒中,在细菌中传播耐药性并通过位点特异的基因重组使耐药基因发生播散,它对细菌间耐药基因的扩散和多重耐药性的产生起到重要作用。     

志贺菌属整合子的耐药贡献与稳定性研究

目的分析志贺菌属整合子对耐药性的贡献及其稳定性。方法对志贺菌属1类、2类整合子的耐药基因盒分别克隆、转化DH5α,观察阳性克隆菌对多种抗生素敏感性的变化。将整合子阳性克隆菌与多重耐药志贺菌进行质粒接合实验,并测定耐药性的改变。对10株耐药谱不同、携带整合子不同的志贺菌属细菌进行无抗生素压力下连续多次传代实验,检测其耐药性及整合子的变化。结果志贺菌属1类整合子耐药基因盒dfrA17-aadA5阳性克隆菌对链霉素和甲氧苄啶的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)分别提高了8倍和32倍;2类整合子耐药基因盒dfrA1-sat1-aadA1阳性克隆菌对链霉素和甲氧苄啶的MIC分别提高了64倍和32倍;整合子阳性克隆菌经质粒接合传递后对抗生素的MIC无改变。1株携带2类整合子的志贺菌属菌株经过多次传代培养后丢失整合子及其耐药性。结论志贺菌属整合子-耐药基因盒系统可引起特定抗生素的耐药性,对质粒接合传递耐药性无影响。志贺菌属的2类整合子可发生丢失。     

Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP) and the Distribution of Class 1 Integron in Their Strains Isolated from a Hospital in Central China

Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and the genetic characteristics of the class 1 integron in CRKP on multi-drug resistance. Methods Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected from multiple departments of a hospital in central China. CRKP strains were identified among the isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility of CRKP strains was analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to amplify the class 1 integron variable area. The integron genetic structure was analyzed with enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing technology. The relation between class 1 integron and drug resistance was analyzed statistically. Results Totally 955 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from varied sites of the hospital, and 117(12.3%) of them were identified as CRKP, with a separation rate of 8.9% (26/292) in 2013, 11.3% (38/336) in 2014 and 16.2% (53/327) in 2015, which shows an increasing trend by year. 44.4% (52/117) of CRKP strains were separated from specimen of ICU, and 61.5% (72/117) were from sputum. Over 95%CRKP strains were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem Ceftazidme, Cefotaxime,Cefepime,and Piperacillin, while relatively low resistant rates were found in Tigecycline (12.8%) and colistin (35.9%). The class 1 integron was detected in 77.8% (91/117) of CRKP strains. Class 1 integron of CRKP was significantly correlated with the antibiotic resistance to the tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin (all P<0.01). The gene cassette analysis of variable area of class 1 integron showed that aadA2 accounts for 64.8%(59/91), aacA4-catB8-aadA123.1% (21/91), and aadA2-dfrA2512.1% (11/91). Conclusions CRKP has an increasing trend in a clinical setting in China, and most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Class 1 integron in CRKP has strong ability to capture the genes resistant to aminoglycosides antibiotics from environment, with the aadA2 gene as the most popular one.     

Detection of class 1 integron in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from nine hospitals in Turkey

Objective

To investigate the antibiotic resistance genes inserted into class 1 and class 2 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates obtained from nine different cities in Turkey.

Methods

A collection of 281 A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from nine diferent state hospitals in Turkey and were confirmed as A. baumannii by conventional biochemical, API testing and bla_-OXA-51 specific PCR. The isolates were examined by PCR for existence of class 1 and 2 integron gene cassettes.

Results

They were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the highest resistance rates were determined for piperacillin (90.03%), ciprofloxacin (87.54%), cefepime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (81.13%). The lowest resistance rates was for cefotaxime (3.55%). class I integrons were detected in 6.4% (18/281) of A. baumannii strains and no class 2 integron was detected. The gene cassettes of class 1 integrons AacC1-AAC(3)I-aadA1, AacC1-aadA1, AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -aadA1, TEM-1, AAC(3)-I-aadA1 - AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -aadA1, AAC(3)-I - aadA1, AAC(3)-I-AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I-aadA1- AAC(3)-I-aadA1, AAC(3)-I- AAC(3)-I- aadA1-AAC(3)-I-aadA1 were detected in eighteen strains. The aac genes family were most frequently found integrated into the class 1 integrons and it was followed by aadA genes and TEM-1 genes.

Conclusions

This is an extensive study on the distribution of class 1 integron among A. baumannii in Turkey. In addition to these, two new alleles were observed. Their percentage rates of similarity to other cassettes are 95% aadA1 ( TKA18) and 89% aadA1 (ANKA3).     

34株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌β内酰胺酶基因及Ⅰ类整合子检测分析

目的:探讨我院临床分离多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的β-内酰胺酶相关基因及Ⅰ类整合子(int Ⅰ 1和qacE△1-sul1)的携带情况,为临床抗感染治疗和控制医院感染提供依据.方法:采用K-B法对临床分离的铜绿假单胞;进行药敏试验,选出34株多重耐药菌株,用PCR法检测其相关耐药基因16种.结果:在34株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌...     

整合子系统在非发酵菌属细菌中分布特点

[目的]了解整合子系统在非发酵菌属细菌中的分布特点,继而探讨其与非发酵菌产生多重耐药之间的关系。[方法]选取2010年7月—2011年6月由大连医科大学附属第一医院住院及门诊患者各种标本中分离的铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、洋葱霍尔德氏菌、木糖产碱杆菌木糖亚种,提取全基因组DNA,通过PCR方法检测其整合子的携带情况,并对扩增结果进行分析。[结果]在452株铜绿假单胞菌中,I类整合子阳性检出率为41.8%;在612株鲍曼不动杆菌中I类整合子阳性检出率为66.7%,II类整合子阳性检出率为2.3%;在61株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌中I类整合子阳性检出率为13.1%;在36株洋葱霍尔德氏菌中,I类整合子阳性检出率为8.3%;21株木糖产碱杆菌木糖亚种中未检出整合子;在以上各菌株中均没有检测到III类整合子。整合子阳性菌株和整合子阴性菌株的抗菌药物敏感性试验结果对比发现,整合子阳性的菌株对多种抗生素耐药率均高于整合子阴性菌株。[结论]整合子系统在非发酵菌属的某些菌种中检出率很高,它的存在是非发酵菌产生多重耐药的一个重要因素。     

嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌整合子I和ISCR1研究及ERIC-PCR基因分型

目的 了解临床分离嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的整合子I和ISCR1的分布情况及其基因型.方法 分离临床85株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,用WHONET5.4分析菌株药敏情况,采用ERIC-PCR方法 进行基因分型.采用PCR检测整合酶I、整合子I、ISCR1以及ISCR1携带的耐药基因.结果 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对亚胺培南、氨曲南、庆大霉素、...     

Multi-drug resistance and characteristic of integrons in Shigella spp. isolated from China

Objective To investigate the characteristic of integrons and the relationship between integrons and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. Methods Ninety Shigella strains (83 S. flexneri and 7 S. sonnei) were isolated from the stools of patients in China. Susceptibility to 8 antimicrobials was tested for all isolated strains. PCR, RFLP and sequencing analysis of integrons were applied to all of them. Results High prevalence of multi‐drug resistance (95.6%) was identified. Of the isolates 79 (87.8%) carri...