原发性前房角关闭眼激光周边虹膜切开术后前房角形态学变化

目的 定量检测和评价原发性前房角关闭(PAC)眼行激光周边虹膜切开(LPI)术后前房角形态学变化.方法 临床病例系列研究.对入选的31例(54只眼)PAC患者于LPI术前、术后2周、6及12个月,进行眼科常规检查,定量检测超声活体显微镜(UBM)图像中前房角的各项参数.各随访时间点的UBM参数比较采用重复测量的方差分析,巩膜突前750μm与500 μm处各参数的比较采用配对t检验.结果 LPI术后前房深度较术前加深0.10 mm,但差异并无统计学意义(F=3.50,P＞0.05).LPI术前,巩膜突前750 μm处,前房角开放距离(66.2±51.6) μm,小梁网与虹膜间夹角5.0°±3.5°,前房角隐窝面积(0.025±0.017)mm2,小梁网与睫状突距离(571.0±97.2) μm;LPI术后2周、6及12个月,巩膜突前750 μm处,前房角开放距离分别为(165.0±70.3)、(185.8±68.5)及(196.1±77.7)μm,小梁网与虹膜间夹角分别为(11.9±4.9)、(13.3±4.8)及14.0°±5.4°,前房角隐窝面积分别为(0.058±0.024)、(0.065±0.023)及(0.068±0.026)mm2,小梁网与睫状突间距离分别为(647.1±113.0)、(701.8±93.4)及(670.1±95.4) μm,均较LPI术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(前房角开放距离:F =92.60,小梁网与虹膜间夹角:F=92.60,前房角隐窝面积:F=92.60,小梁网与睫状突间距离:F =34.00;P ＜0.05).术后前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间夹角及前房角隐窝面积均较术前增加1倍以上.巩膜突前750 μm处检测参数的增加幅度均较巩膜突前500 μm处大(前房角开放距离:t=5.90,P＜0.05;小梁网与虹膜间夹角:t=2.70,P＜0.05;前房角隐窝面积:t=2.00;P =0.05).结论 LPI能显著增宽PAC眼的周边前房角,且随访观察1年期间前房角仍开放.巩膜突前750 μm处的参数比500μm处参数对评价周边前房角形态变化更为敏感.     

房角关闭机制指导下可疑原发性房角关闭患者激光干预的疗效评价

目的 根据房角关闭的不同机制,对可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者行激光周边虹膜切除（LPI）术或LPI联合激光周边虹膜成形（LPIP）术,通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）评估PACS患者激光早期干预的疗效。设计 前瞻性病例系列。 研究对象2016年1月-11月在河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续就诊的PACS患者50例（65眼）。方法 根据房角关闭的不同机制,通过UBM评估患眼,对所有入选患眼均首先行LPI治疗,术后第3天复查UBM,检查提示仍存在至少一个象限房角呈接触性关闭的患者再进一步联合LPIP治疗。术后3天复查UBM,根据测量的相关参数的前后变化评价治疗效果。主要指标 UBM图像中的中央前房深度（ACD）,巩膜突前500 μm处的房角开放距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）、房角隐窝面积（ARA）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、虹膜厚度（IT）。结果 65眼中,47眼（72.3%）行LPI治疗后3天UBM检查未发现存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,术后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较术前无明显变化（P=0.465）;18眼（27.7%）行LPI术后3天,UBM提示存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,联合LPIP治疗后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较LPI术后减少更明显（P<0.01）。结论 LPI后UBM可用于判断房角关闭的机制,并据此考虑是否联合LPIP,可进一步改善非单纯性瞳孔阻滞机制的可疑房角关闭患者的疗效。     

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

Quantitative evaluation of iris convexity in primary angle closure

PURPOSE: In eyes with primary angle closure (PAC), we quantitatively evaluated anterior bowing of the iris by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, and consecutive case series. METHODS: A total of 203 phakic eyes with PAC that had not undergone any surgical or laser treatment were included. Using UBM, we measured anterior chamber depth (ACD) and iris convexity (IC): the maximum distance from the posterior surface of the iris to the iris plane passing through the pupillary margin of the iris and iris root. RESULTS: The average IC was 0.22 +/- 0.1 mm, although there was considerable individual variation. The IC value was correlated weakly, albeit significantly, with age (r = 0.22, P < .01), and strongly with ACD (r = -0.57, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with PAC, older age and a more shallow ACD appear to be important causes of increased forward bowing of the iris resulting from pupillary block.     

激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效观察

目的 探讨激光周边虹膜切除术(LPI)治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)的远期疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集1992年4月至2002年10月实施LPI治疗且术后随诊时间达5年以上的PACG患者临床资料,根据患者LPI治疗前眼压、视乳头、视野、前房角等情况,将患眼重新分为3组:疑似原发性前房角关闭(PACS)组、原发性前房角关闭(PAC)组、原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)组,分析LPI治疗后各组患者远期眼压控制、视力及并发症等情况.不同类型的原发性闭角型青光眼之间LPI治疗后眼压控制情况比较采用x~2检验.结果 共收集到符合条件的患者131例(251只眼),其中PACS组18只眼(7.2%),PAC组98只眼(39.0%),PACG组129只眼(51.4%),无法分类的6只眼(2.4%).PACS组、PAC组、PACG组患者LPI治疗后眼压控制满意率分别为88.9%(16/18)、38.8%(38/98)及10.9%(14/129),眼压控制不满意率分别为5.6%(1/18)、48.0%(47/98)及75.2%(97/129),眼压控制失败率分别为5.6%(1/18)、13.3%(13/98)及14.0%(18/129).3组患者LPI治疗后眼压控制情况的差异有统计学意义(x~2=59.08,P=0.000).251只眼中8只眼(3.2%)在LPI治疗后1周至16年发生青光眼急性发作.全部患者在随诊期间未发生大泡性角膜病变.结论 LPI治疗后PACG的眼压控制不如预期的那样好.在大多数青光眼中,LPI可以有效防止闭角型青光眼的急性发作.LPI治疗后PACG、PAC、PACS组患者均存在不同程度的眼压升高危险,需密切随诊,及时处理.     

可疑性原发性房角关闭和原发性房角关闭与PACG解剖结构的比较

目的:探讨可疑性原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure suspect,PACS)、原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)及原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)解剖结构的异同。方法:采用国际区域性流行病学眼科学会(International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology,ISGEO)的分类系统,分为4组:正常对照组(47例47眼)、PACS组(157例157眼),PAC组(96例96眼)及PACG组(86例86眼)。应用NIDEK Echoscan US-1800型A型超声测量系统对被测者眼部解剖结构(前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、晶状体相对位置)进行测量,各项均值进行组间差异比较。结果:正常人、PACS和PAC与PACG的年龄、晶状体厚度依次增高(P<0.05),前房深度、晶状体相对位置依次递减(P<0.05);与正常人相比,PACS和PAC与PACG除眼轴外其余的参数都有差异(P<0.05);与PACG相比,正常人、PACS和PAC的解剖结构参数都存在差异(P<0.05);但PAC与PACG两组相比,除前房深度、晶状体相对位置外,其余的各项解剖参数相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:从正常人、PACS、PAC到PACG的前房深度变浅、眼轴变短、晶状体相对位置靠前。前房深度、晶状体相对位置对PACG的早期诊断及预防有一定的临床价值。     

原发性房角关闭眼激光虹膜切除术后UBM测量参数比较

目的:比较激光虹膜切开术前后原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)眼超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)参数。方法:对46例74眼PAC患者进行了一项前瞻性临床试验。平均年龄58,04±11.33(24.0-82.0)岁。所有病例行完整的眼科检查,前房角镜A超生物测量和超声生物显微镜检查(Vu-max,SonomedInc.,NY,USA)及24-2标准无色差视野检查(SAP,Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer-II i,Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.,Dublin,CA,USA)。使用配对t检验评估基准和随访的平均值之间的变化。结果:激光周边虹膜切除术(laser peripheral iridotomy,LPI)术后,平均房角从8.02±4.61(0.10-19.60)度增加到17.66±6.39(0.10-32.70)度(P=0.000),房角开放距离500(angle opening distance 500,AOD500)从0.11±0.06(0.01-0.30)mm增加到0.23±0.07(0.13-0.50)mm(P=0.000),平均虹膜厚度(iris thickness,IT)从0.58±0.11(0.33-0.99)mm下降到0.52±0.10(0.25-0.77)mm(P=0.000)。小梁睫状突距离,虹膜睫状突距离和睫状体厚度均未发现显著统计学差异。结论:LPI术后PAC的白种人眼睛的AOD500,虹膜晶体距离和前房角增加,IT和虹膜晶体高度减少。这说明LPI解除了瞳孔阻滞,加深了前房,扩大了房角,减少了虹膜前凸和增厚。     

Laser peripheral iridotomy across the spectrum of primary angle closure

BACKGROUND: To study the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for primary angle closure in Asian Indian patients. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of patients who underwent LPI and completed a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Eyes were classified as primary angle-closure suspects (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).The indications for LPI, requirement of medication, and subsequent clinical course were studied in each group. RESULTS: 103 eyes of 55 patients were analyzed.The mean (SD) follow-up was 45.6 (2) months. The mean age in women was less than in men (55.7 [8.3] vs. 62.1 [7.8] years).Twenty-seven eyes were classified as PACS, 43 eyes as PAC, and 33 eyes as PACG. After LPI, no eye with PACS progressed to PAC or PACG. Four of 43 eyes (9.3%) with PAC progressed to PACG.Twenty-five of the 33 eyes (75.8%) with PACG did not progress after LPI during the study period. Patients with 2 quadrants of angle closure (risk ratio 12.9). INTERPRETATION: After LPI, the rate of progression from PAC to PACG was less than expected from the reported natural course of the disease, and the majority of eyes with PACG remained stable. LPI appears to alter the natural course of PACS, PAC, and PACG favourably.     

Pentacam对原发性闭角型青光眼激光周边虹膜切开术前后前房形态和参数的评估

背景 Pentacam三维眼前节分析诊断系统(Pentacam)在对原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)眼前节的定量评估中比裂隙灯显微镜和超声生物显微镜(UBM)更为准确,但目前其在急性PACG临床前期眼和慢性PACG对侧眼的YAG激光虹膜周边切开术(LPI)后前房测量中的应用仍较少. 目的 评估Pentacam在早期PACG眼LPI手术前后前房形态变化及其应用价值. 方法 采用前瞻性自身对照研究设计,纳入2012年7月至2013年12月在河北医科大学第二医院确诊的PACG患者70例70眼,包括急性PACG对侧眼(临床前期眼)和慢性PACG对侧眼各35眼,所有受检眼均行LPI.采用Pentacam测量受检眼LPI术前与术后1、7和28 d的前房深度(ACD)、前房容积(ACV)和前房夹角(ACA),并比较急性PACG临床前期眼与慢性PACG对侧眼LPI术后前房形态参数的变化幅度. 结果 急性PACG临床前期眼各时间点ACD和ACV的总体比较差异均有统计学意义(ACD:F=6.783,P=0.004;ACV:F=19.090,P=0.000),各时间点ACA值变化差异无统计学意义(F=0.153,P=0.928),其中LPI术后各时间点ACD较术前加深,ACV较术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).慢性PACG对侧眼各时间点ACD和ACV的总体比较差异有统计学意义(ACD:F=21.576,P=0.000;ACV:F=47.506,P=0.000),而各时间点间ACA比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.581,P=0.629),其中LPI术后各时间点ACD较术前加深,ACV较术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).急性PACG临床前期眼术后28 d,ACD和ACV与术前的变化值分别为(0.064±0.022) mm和(27.840±4.963) mm3,明显高于慢性PACG对侧眼的(0.047±0.020) mm和(21.000±3.278) mm3,组间差异均有统计学意义(ACD:t=2.783,P=0.008;ACV:t=5.749,P=0.000). 结论 Pentacam可以用来量化评价PACG患者LPI后的眼前节形态和参数的变化,急性PACG临床前期眼术后ACD和ACV的增加值大于慢性PACG对侧眼.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic quantification of the change in anterior chamber angle following laser peripheral iridotomy in early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma

AIMS: To prospectively evaluate by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy the anterior chamber angle widening following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in eyes with early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CACG). METHODS: A total of 55 eyes of 55 patients with CACG presenting with less than 180 degrees peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) were enrolled in the study. Angles were assessed by gonioscopy (Shaffer's grading) and UBM, before and 4 weeks after LPI. The angle opening distance at 250 and 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD 250 and AOD 500) was computed. Results were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: In the quadrant with LPI, the mean gonioscopy grade increased significantly from 0.45 to 1.45 (P<0.001) and the mean AOD 250 and AOD 500 increased from 38.5+/-25.9 to 83.5+/-48.4 microm (P<0.001) and 110.2+/-80.9 to 170.6+/-83.4 microm (P<0.001), respectively. The angles widened significantly in the opposite quadrant on UBM (AOD 250: 48.8+/-31.5-82.7+/-43.9 microm, P<0.001; AOD 500:117.2+/-65.5-172.2+/-81.7 microm; P<0.001), but the median gonioscopy grade remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: LPI significantly widened the anterior chamber angle in the quadrant with LPI and the quadrant furthest away in patients of CACG with established glaucomatous damage. This change was much better appreciated by the UBM than gonioscopy.     

Pentacam三维前房分析仪在原发性闭角型青光眼诊断中的应用

目的分析Pentacam三维前房分析仪测量原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）与正常组前房形态参数。方法65例急性PACG患者,70例慢性PACG患者,75例正常组行Pentacam检查,记录前房轴深（ACD）、平均和最小前房角（ACA）、前房容积（ACV）,进行分析。结果正常组测量值均大于PACG组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。正常组ACD、ACV女性较男性前房浅（P〈0．05）、前房容积小（P〈0．05）;各年龄组间ACD、ACV差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ACA与性别、年龄无相关性（P〉0．05）。急性PACG组ACD与ACV线性相关（R^2=0．40,P〈0．05）;慢性PACG组数据间有相关性（P〈0．01）;正常组ACD与ACV相关（R^2=0．85,P〈0．01）,ACD与ACA线性相关（P〈0．05）。结论Pentacam检查为PACG早期诊断提供依据,对青光眼患者随访和正常人群筛查有重要临床应用价值。     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者与可疑原发性房角关闭患者虹膜睫状体构型特征的比较分析

目的 比较原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者与可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者的房角生物学特征。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2019年10月至2021年3月同济医院58例PACG及PACS患者。方法 回顾患者病例资料及超声生物显微镜（UBM）图像,测量其房角生物学参数,进行定量及定性分析。主要指标 中央前房深度（ACD）、500 μm房角开放距离（AOD500）、500 μm小梁虹膜夹角（TIA500）、500 μm小梁睫状突距离（TCPD500）、500 μm小梁睫状体夹角（TCA500）、虹膜根部厚度（IT500）、睫状突长度（CPL）、睫状体厚度（CBT）。结果 与PACS组（n=25）相比,PACG组（n=33）患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）更低（0.4±0.35、0.2±0.17）,基线眼压更高（21.17±6.09、15.57±3.57 mmHg）,眼轴更短（22.17±1.22、22.74±0.88 mm）,ACD更浅（1.77±0.27、1.94±0.25 mm）,AOD500、TIA500、TCPD500、TCA500更小（0.04±0.04、0.10±0.05 mm;3.90±4.58、11.07±4.77°;0.51±0.10、0.58±0.10 mm;60.55±13.26、71.54±12.58°）,CPL更长（1.43±0.26、1.28±0.15 mm）。虹膜插入点位于睫状体基底部的比例（54.5%、20.0%）及睫状体前旋的比例（68.0%、39.4%）PACG组较PACS组更大（P均<0.05）。而IT500、CBT、虹膜成角和虹膜凸度在两组间未见差异。结论 PACG眼较PACS眼具有更短的眼轴和更浅的前房,长而前旋的睫状体构型更明显,虹膜插入点位于基底部的比例更高。（眼科,2022,31： 20-26）     

原发性闭角型青光眼激光周边虹膜切开术后前房角形态变化的一年观察

目的定量观察原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)激光周边虹膜切开术(LPI)后前房角形态变化及周边虹膜前粘连(PAS)对LPI术后效果的影响。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续的25例(39眼)PACG患者。方法患眼行LPI治疗。术前、术后2周、6个月、12个月时行眼科常规检查及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查。根据末次随访时眼压情况分为眼压控制不良组(A组)及眼压控制良好组(B组)。各随访时间点的UBM参数进行重复测量的方差分析,组间比较采用配对t检验及Wilcoxon检验。主要指标UBM图像中测量的前房角参数。结果平均随访时间为(386.4±36.7)天。LPI术后2周、6个月及12个月的房角开放距离(AOD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、虹膜隐窝面积(ARA)较术前增加均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。小梁睫状突距离(TCPD)术后12个月较术前增加具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。B组AOD500、TIA500、ARA500及TCPD均大于A组(P均<0.05),而PAS钟点范围少于A组(P=0.01)。结论 LPI能显著增宽PACG患者的周边前房角,但PAS的范围对LPI的效果起到明显的制约作用。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Five groups, each comprising 30 consecutive patients, diagnosed to have subacute PACG, acute PACG, chronic PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls were included in the present study. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, 90D fundus examination, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, visual field testing, A-scan biometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The anterior segment parameters recorded included: trabecular-iris angle, angle opening distance, trabecular ciliary process distance, and the iris thickness among other parameters. RESULTS: On ultrasound biomicroscopy the trabecular iris angle of control and POAG groups was more than all the subtypes of PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular iris angle of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P = 0.003) was more than acute PACG. Angle opening distance of controls and POAG group was significantly more than acute PACG and chronic PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular ciliary process distance of POAG group and controls was more than subacute PACG, acute PACG, and chronic PACG. The trabecular ciliary process distance of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P < 0.001) was more than acute PACG. Eyes with acute PACG had the least iris thickness at the three different positions tested. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle (trabecular iris angle) and the following parameters: trabecular ciliary process distance, angle opening distance, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma have a thinner iris with a shorter trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance, and trabecular ciliary process distance. The eyes with acute primary angle closure glaucoma have the narrowest angle recess.     

Pentacam前房分析仪测量原发性闭角型青光眼YAG激光周边虹膜切除术前后前房形态参数的对比研究

目的 应用Pentacam三维前房分析仪,测量原发性闭角型青光眼患者YAG激光周边虹膜切除术前、后前房形态参数变化,寻找以该检测方法评价前房形态变化的敏感指标.方法 前瞻性对照研究.早期原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者47例（47眼）,其中急性PACG患者21例,慢性PACG患者26例,行YAG激光周边虹膜切除术.术前及术后2周分别行Pentacam三维前房分析仪检查,观察前房形态变化并分析术前、术后前房形态参数,即中央前房深度、前房容积及前房夹角的变化;同时比较急性PACG与慢性PACG以及用药与未用药组激光后前房形态参数变化.激光前、后眼前段参数比较采用配对t检验,激光后两组前房形态参数变化的比较采用独立样本t检验.结果 PACG患者激光术前中央前房深度为（1.84±0.31）mm,前房容积为（65.04±20.68）mm3,前房夹角为（25.44±6.38）°;激光术后中央前房深度为（1.89±0.28）mm,前房容积为（92.19±21.07）mm3,前房夹角为（23.86±5.96）°;术后中央前房深度、前房容积较术前变大,差异有统计学意义（t=-3.10,P=0.003;t=-17.02,P=0.000）,前房夹角无明显改变（t=1.91,P=0.060）.激光后,急性PACG患者前房容积增加值为（29.76±10.84）mm3,慢性PACG患者为（23.31±10.07）mm3,差异有统计学意义（t=2.09,P=0.040）.随访1年以上,未用药眼压保持稳定者激光后前房容积增加值为（31.93±11.99）mm,经用药而使眼压保持稳定者为（18.71±7.06）mm3,差异有统计学意义（t=3.17,P=0.005）.结论 YAG激光周边虹膜切除术可改善PACG患者的浅前房状态,前房容积与中央前房深度是应用Pentacam三维前房分析仪衡量前房形态变化的较敏感的参数.急性PACG患者激光后前房容积增加值较慢性PACG患者大,未用药眼压保持稳定的患者激光后前房容积增加值较经用药患者大.     

Five-year risk of progression of primary angle closure to primary angle closure glaucoma: a population-based study

OBJECTIVE: To report the 5-year progression to primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in a population-based cohort of primary angle closure (PAC) subjects. METHODS: A total of 37 patients diagnosed as PAC during a population-based study in 1995 were invited for re-examination in 2000. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including ocular biometry. Progression to PACG was based on optic disc damage and field defects on automated perimetry. RESULTS: In all, 28 of 32 PAC subjects who could be contacted presented for examination. Eight (28.5%; 95% CI 12-45%) had progressed to PACG; two of seven with appositional and six of 21 with synechial closure. All were advised laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in 1995; one of the nine who underwent LPI progressed compared to seven of 19 who refused LPI. Four of those originally diagnosed with appositional closure developed peripheral anterior synechiae. One eye of a person previously diagnosed with appositional PAC was reclassified as a primary angle closure suspect (PACS). There was no significant difference in biometric parameters between those who progressed and those who did not. None developed acute PACG or blindness due to glaucoma. CONCLUSION: In this population-based study of primary angle closure, the 5-year incidence of PACG was eight patients (28.5%; 95% CI 12-45%). We were unable to identify any features that predicted progression.     

Comparison of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for assessment of the anterior segment

PURPOSE: To compare anterior segment parameters using quantitative imaging by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). SETTING: Tertiary-care glaucoma research center. METHODS: Sixty-three eyes of 63 subjects had anterior segment evaluation by AS-OCT (Visante-Zeiss) and UBM (Paradigm). Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) (measured from the central corneal endothelium to the anterior lens capsule), and the peripheral iridocorneal angles (temporal and nasal) were assessed and compared. RESULTS: There was an excellent correlation between AS-OCT and UBM measurements for the nasal angle (r = 0.84; P<.0001), temporal angle (r = 0.86; P<.0001), ACD (r = 0.97; P<.0001), and CCT (r = 0.91; P<.0001). There was no significant difference (paired t test) between the mean ACD, CCT, and angle parameters measured by AS-OCT or UBM. The mean values of the parameters measured by AS-OCT and UBM were, respectively, as follows: nasal angle, 26.25 degrees +/- 11.0 (SD) and 28.27 +/- 11.3 degrees (P = .3); temporal angle, 25.1 +/- 11.4 degrees and 28.3 +/- 13.5 degrees (P = .15); ACD, 2.85 +/- 0.5 mm and 2.78 +/- 0.5 mm (P = .2); and CCT, 512 +/- 46 microm and 502 +/- 46 microm (P = .25). The AS-OCT images showed sharper definition of the scleral spur than the UBM images. CONCLUSION: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and UBM can both be used for anterior segment measurements and yielded comparable results.     

OCT对激光周边虹膜切开术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼效果的评价

目的：通过光学相干断层扫描技术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)观察不同临床类型原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)行激光周边虹膜切开术(laser peripheral iris, LPI)前、后前房角开放距离变化,评价治疗效果。方法：选择明确诊断为PACG患者46例50眼,其中急性闭角型青光眼临床前期及缓解期眼26例27眼,慢性闭角型青光眼20例23眼,行LPI治疗,通过OCT分别检查术前、术后2周距巩膜突500及750μm处前房角开放距离,采用配对t检验。结果：急性闭角型青光眼LPI术前、术后2周前房角开放距离差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性闭角型青光眼术前、术后2周前房角开放距离差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：急性闭角型青光眼LPI术后前房角开放距离增加,治疗效果较好;慢性闭角型青光眼LPI术后前房角开放距离增加不明显,术后仍存在前房角闭塞趋向。     

原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者眼前节生物测量

目的采用眼前节光学相干断层扫描（SL-OCT）、超声生物显微镜（UBM）及传统的A型超声3种不同的检测方法观察原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）合并白内障患者的眼前节解剖结构,评价3种检测方法的临床应用价值。方法研究设计为诊断试验。对PACG合并白内障的患者30例42眼行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术,于术前、术后1个月分别用SL-OCT、UBM及A型超声对眼前节进行测量,分析手术前后SL-OCT、UBM及A型超声测量的眼前节参数的变化,并比较3种不同的检查方法对眼前节测量参数间的差异,同时监测手术前后视力及眼压的情况。结果 SL-OCT、UBM、A型超声检测显示所有患者术后1个月中央前房深度（ACD）明显增加,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（t=-15.695、t=-15.367、t=-6.981,P〈0.01）;术后1个月SL-OCT和UBM检测500μm房角开放距离（AOD500）、小梁虹膜夹角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;术后1个月周边部、中周部、瞳孔缘区虹膜厚度（IT）与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术前和术后1个月SL-OCT、UBM和A型超声3种检测方法测得的ACD差异均有统计学意义（F=21.060,P〈0.01;F=21.012,P〈0.01）,术前和术后1个月SL-OCT和UBM检测的AOD500、小梁虹膜夹角差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而IT差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术前及术后3d、7d、1个月眼压逐渐下降,视力逐渐改善,差异均有统计学意义（F=35.792,P=0.000;F=124.891,P=0.000）。结论 SL-OCT、UBM和A型超声可以客观、准确地提供PACG合并白内障患者眼前节的解剖参数,为选择白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术的手术时机提供参考依据。     

频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(AS-OCT)对激光周边虹膜切开术后患者前房角结构定量检测

目的 利用频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomography,AS-OCT)检测原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭眼激光周边虹膜切开术后的房角参数,并探讨测量参数的选择及在青光眼患者筛查与随访中的临床意义.方法 选取原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者共40例(55眼),其中原发性急性闭角型青光眼缓解期8例11眼,原发性急性闭角型青光眼临床前期20例(20眼),原发性房角关闭12例(24眼).应用频域AS-OCT量化评价激光周边虹膜切开术后房角结构,测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧前房角(anterior chamber angle,ACA)、小梁虹膜夹角(trabecular-iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离(angle open distance,AOD)、小梁虹膜空间面积(trabecular iris space area,TISA),对检查结果进行分析.结果 选取角膜内侧距巩膜突500 μm和750μm的点,分别测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧四个方位的AOD、TIA、ACA、TISA,归为500系列和750系列.500系列及750系列TIA、ACA、AOD测量值均值均为颞侧最大,鼻侧最小;TISA测量均值下方最大、上方最小.Pearson相关性分析显示TIA500和ACA500(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA750和ACA750(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA500和TI-SA500(r=0.919、P=0.00)、TIA750和TISA750(r=0.920、P=0.00)均具有正相关关系.以TIA500为自变量x,TISA500为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.300 +0.005x(F=1195,P=0.00),即TISA500与TIA500呈线性正相关关系.以TIA750为自变量x,TISA750为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.440 +0.009x(F=854,P=0.00),即TISA750与TIA750呈线性正相关关系.750系列参数的变异系数在四个方位均小于500系列.结论 频域AS-OCT可用于原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者术后的疗效评价与随访.在房角狭窄时,750系列参数变异系数更小,更具有临床应用价值.