Effects of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein vaccines and CLDC adjuvant on genital herpes infection in the guinea pig

Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are common but results from vaccine trials with HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD) have been disappointing. We therefore compared a similar HSV gD2 vaccine, to a further truncated gD2 vaccine, to a vaccine with gD2 plus gB2 and gH2/gL2 and to a vaccine with only gB2 and gH2/gL2 in a guinea pig model of genital herpes. All vaccines were administered with cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDC) as an adjuvant. All vaccines significantly decreased the severity of acute genital disease and vaginal virus replication compared to the placebo group. The majority of animals in all groups developed at least one episode of recurrent disease but the frequency of recurrent disease was significantly reduced by each vaccine compared to placebo. No vaccine was significantly more protective than gD2 alone for any of the parameters described above. No vaccine decreased recurrent virus shedding. When protection against acute infection of dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord was evaluated all vaccines decreased the per cent of animal with detectable virus and the quantity of virus but again no vaccine was significantly more protective than another. Improvements in HSV-2 vaccines may require inclusion of more T cell targets, more potent adjuvants or live virus vaccines.     

The effects of exposure to NO or NO2 and an antigen on the breathing curve pattern in guinea pigs

The effect of NO and NO₂ of inducing an asthmatic breathing difficulty following inhalation of albumin of different species and the effect on the hypersensitivity toward acetylcholine in the respiratory tract were investigated to study the relation between asthma and NO, NO₂. Two experimental groups, the group exposed to NO (average 5.02 ppm) and the group exposed to NO₂ (average 5.00 ppm) were prepared. The exposures to NO or NO₂ gas (30 min) and, after 20 min, the albumin solution spray were repeated ten times, twice a week. For these exposures, breathing curves were continuously autorecorded with a body plethysmograph to ascertain the intensity of the asthmatic respiratory difficulty. Comparison showed that animals with stronger patterns of asthmatic dyspnea were greater in number when exposed to NO or NO₂ and albumin (NO or NO₂ group) than when exposed only to albumin (control group). Following all exposures, each group was expos d to an acetylcholine spray of the same concentration. In the case of the NO, NO₂ groups, an increase in the susceptibility of the airway tract to acetylcholine could be observed.     

长期大气二氧化氮暴露与心脑血管住院风险的因果关联研究

目的探讨长期大气二氧化氮(NO2)暴露与心脑血管住院的因果关联。方法依托我国"基于社区人群的健康队列"广州市子队列, 将2015年在广州市35个社区招募的36 271名成年参与者纳入研究, 收集基本人口学特征、生活行为方式、NO2暴露及心脑血管住院结局信息。采用基于逆概率加权的边际结构模型估计发病风险比(HR)及其95%CI。结果截至2020年12月31日共随访203 822人年, 调查对象的年龄为(50.9±17.8)岁, 心脑血管住院率为8.7%。2015-2020年, 研究对象年均NO2污染暴露为48.7 μg/m3。NO2长期暴露每增加10 μg/m3, 心脑血管、心血管及脑血管住院的HR值(95%CI)分别为1.33(1.16～1.52)、1.36(1.16～1.60)及1.25(1.00～1.55)。分层分析结果提示未婚/已婚、文化程度为初中/高中、高运动频率以及从未吸烟/当前吸烟人群可能更加易感。结论长期大气NO2暴露可增加心脑血管住院风险。