磁共振断层血管造影诊断面肌痉挛的临床应用评估

目的 探讨磁共振断层血管造影(MRTA)以及MRTA评分诊断法对于偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)的病因诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析78例HFS患者MRI表现及手术结果。结果 MRTA评分法诊断结果显示78例HFS患者中患侧面神经出脑干段受压迫69例，其中面神经受血管压迫或与之关系密切者61例，血管对面神经有可疑压迫者7例，1例为小脑扁桃体疝压迫面神经。9例未见异常。手术结果显示面神经根部受血管压迫75例，1例为小脑扁桃体疝压迫面神经，另有2例手术未见异常。与MRTA评分法诊断结论基本一致。压迫血管为小脑前下动脉(AICA)、小脑后下动脉(PICA)、椎动脉(VA)、不知名血管。结论 多平面MRTA成像可清楚显示VA、AICA、PICA、面神经出脑干段。同时采用MRTA评分法对诊断HFS病因及制定手术方案有很大帮助。     

三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛MR断层血管成像表现与手术对照分析

目的 探讨磁共振断层血管成像(magnetic resonance tomographic angiography,MRTA)在诊断三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫中的价值.方法 经临床诊断三叉神经痛23例,面肌痉挛22例,行三维时间飞越稳态梯度回波序列(3D-TOF-SPGR)采集图像,利用原始图像对两侧三叉神经和面神经进行轴位、矢状位和冠状位重建,观察血管与神经的关系,并与手术结果进行对照分析.结果 23例三叉神经痛中,MRTA显示19例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,阳性率为82.6%(19/23),可疑接触4例.22例面肌痉挛中有20例MRTA显示了面神经起始段有微血管跨越或对面神经有轻微的推压改变,阳性率为95.5%(21/22),与手术结果有较高的一致性.结论 MRTA对发现三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫具有重要价值.     

3.0T磁共振断层血管成像对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振断层血管成像(magnetic resonance tomographic angiography, MRTA )对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值. 方法 临床诊断的三叉神经痛52例,面肌痉挛9例,共61例.61例均行3.0T磁共振断层血管造影成像( MRTA),利用原始图像进行斜矢状位和冠状位重建,从3个方位观测血管神经的关系,并与手术结果进行对照. 结果 52例三叉神经痛中,MRTA显示46例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫.9例面肌痉挛MRTA显示面神经均有微血管跨越或压迫.手术结果显示52例三叉神经痛中45例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫,1例为囊肿;9例面肌痉挛均有微血管压迫.MRTA诊断阳性率为90.2%、敏感性为 96.4%、特异性为80%. 结论 3.0T超高场强下进行MRTA,对发现三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫有重要诊断价值.     

磁共振体层血管造影对三叉神经痛诊断价值的研究

目的：探讨磁共振体层血管造影（MRTA）对三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法：回顾性地分析120例经手术治疗的三叉神经痛患者的MRTA表现及手术结果。结果：120例症状侧MRTA检查有血管压迫者为79侧，接触者为28侧，共107侧，敏感性为89．17％。120例症状侧行手术治疗，手术发现有血管压迫或接触者76侧，MRTA检查诊断神经血管压迫和接触的特异性分别为96．2％和82．14％。结论：MRTA成像作为一项新的影像学检查技术，能较好地显示三叉神经根与周围血管之间的关系，从而为三叉神经痛的病因诊断及临床的治疗提供可靠的影像学依据。     

磁共振血管成像对血管压迫性面肌痉挛的诊断价值

目的:分析神经血管压迫性面肌痉挛患者3D-TOF MRA表现,探讨其临床诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析32例面肌痉挛患者3D-TOF MRA表现与手术结果。结果:32例面肌痉挛患者共64侧面神经,3D-TOF MRA检查发现症状侧血管压迫或接触,经统计学分析,患者症状与是否存在血管压迫或接触有显著性意义(P<0.01)。32例患者症状侧行手术治疗,术中证实均有血管压迫或接触者,3D-TOF MRA诊断血管与手术不符者6例。结论:3D-TOF MRA能清晰显示面神经与毗邻血管之间的关系,对面神经血管压迫或接触的正确诊断具有重要价值,能够为面神经显微血管减压术提供手术依据。     

MR血管成像Hosoya评分对面肌痉挛病因诊断中血管压迫程度的量化研究

目的对面肌痉挛（hemifacial spasm，HFS）患者面神经根部血管压迫的程度进行量化研究，评价Hosoya评分在面肌痉挛病因诊断中的价值并对其进行改良。方法对20例正常人及36例偏侧面肌痉挛患者进行脑十部位三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像（3D—TOFMRA）检查，采用Hosoya评分及改良Hosoya评分对轴面、冠状面原始图像面神经根部的血管压迫进行量化评分，对改良Hosoya评分≥1．5分的27例患者进行血管减压治疗。术后复查MR血管成像（MRA），并重新进行改良Hosoya评分。结果20例正常人Hosoya评分，仅有3例为1．0分，无一例≥1．5分，判断为无血管压迫；36例HFS患者中，患侧Hosoya评分≥1．5分者27例，阳性率81．8％，按改良Hosoya评分，患侧≥1．5分者33例，阳性率91．7％；有6例小血管骑跨在面神经根部，Hosoya评分无法评价，通过改良的Hosoya评分方可确定量化；患者手术前后改良Hosoya评分经秩和（等级分组）检验，差异有统计学意义（H=27．192，P〈0．001）。结论Hosoya评分能对面肌痉挛患者面神经出脑干处的血管压迫情况进行量化，但对小血管压迫有一定局限性，改良Hosoya评分可以弥补这一缺陷。     

MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MRI在诊断三叉神经痛与半侧面肌痉挛中的价值.方法 将51例三叉神经痛与23例半侧面肌痉挛患者的术前MRI资料与手术结果进行对照分析.结果 ①74例患者中,MRI诊断患侧桥小脑角胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,患侧神经微血管压迫49例(66.21％),MRI未见异常者3例(4.05％);②手术病理结果:胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,三叉神经或面神经根部异常血管压迫者46例(62.16％),术中未见异常者6例(8.11％).结论 MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中具有很高价值,是术前首选的检查方法.     

3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列判断面肌痉挛责任血管的诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列对于判断面肌痉挛患者责任血管的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年7月我院收治的109例面肌痉挛患者,所有患者均行微血管减压术治疗,并于术前行3D-TOF-MRA和3D-FIESTA-C扫描。对比MRI表现及术中所见,分析3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C判断面肌痉挛责任血管的准确性。结果症状侧面神经受微血管压迫108例,而非症状侧面神经受微血管压迫8例,两者具有统计学差异。对比影像学表现以及手术结果,3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列对于判断面肌痉挛患者责任血管的敏感性为99.08%,特异性为92.66%,诊断符合率为91.28%。结论 3D-TOF-MRA联合3D-FIESTA-C序列检查可以清晰显示面神经与邻近微血管的压迫关系,对于判断面肌痉挛的责任血管有较高的诊断价值。     

磁共振3D FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF序列对血管压迫性面肌痉挛的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振3D FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF序列对血管压迫性面肌痉挛的诊断价值。方法分析32例面肌痉挛患者的磁共振3D FIESTA-C及3D-TOF序列图像,观察症状侧及非症状侧的面神经与周围血管的关系。结果 32例症状侧面神经与周围血管表现为接触阳性共26侧,非症状侧表现为接触阳性7侧。两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF序列可清晰显示面神经与周围血管的关系,对血管压迫性面肌痉挛具有很高的诊断价值,以指导临床治疗。     

磁共振3D-FIESTA在面肌痉挛诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MR三维稳态进动快速成像（3D-FIESTA）序列在面肌痉挛（HFS）中的诊断价值.方法 23例临床怀疑HFS的患者行3D-FIESTA序列成像并多平面重建,以临床表现为诊断标准,同时检查每一例的每一侧面神经与邻近血管关系.结果 面神经血管接触分别为真阳性20侧,假阴性3侧,假阳性11侧;真阴性12侧,3D-FIESTA诊断有无HFS的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 MR 3D-FIESTA序列可以清晰显示面神经与邻近血管的关系,为临床治疗提供更准确、更全面的影像学诊断依据.     

3D-TOF-MRA诊断偏侧面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛的病因

目的　研究增强三维体积扫描时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 (3D -TOF -MRA)对偏侧面肌痉挛 (HFS)、三叉神经痛 (TN)病因诊断的临床价值。方法　常规颅脑MRI及增强 3D -TOF -MRA脑干薄层扫描 48例HFS患者和 46名对照、42例TN患者和 40名对照 ,盲法诊断面神经、三叉神经根部解剖改变 ,患者组与各自对照组作对照分析。结果　 (1)HFS、TN患者症状侧面神经根部、三叉神经根部受压迫 45侧 (93 .8% )和 3 6侧 (85 .7% ) ,其中血管压迫 44侧 (91.7% )和 3 2侧 (76.2 % ) ,肿瘤压迫 1侧 (2 .1% )和 4侧(8.9% ) ;无症状侧受血管压迫 8侧 (16.7% )和 4侧 (9.5 % ) ;对照组双侧受压迫 4侧 (4 .4% )和 5侧 (6.3 % )。 (2 )常见压迫面神经的血管为小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 17侧 (3 8.6% ) ,小脑后下动脉 (PICA) 12侧 (2 7.3 % ) ,椎动脉 (VA) 6侧 (13 .6% ) ;压迫三叉神经的血管为小脑上动脉 (SCA) 18侧 (5 6.3 % ) ,小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 5侧 (15 .6% ) ,起源不清的血管 (DIV) 4侧 (12 .5 % )。 (3 )面神经根部、三叉神经根部血管压迫发生HFS、TN的相对危险度估计值为 2 6.6和 9.84。 (4 )手术证实面肌痉挛组 3例、三叉神经痛组 6例神经血管压迫 ,面肌痉挛组 1例、三叉神经痛组 4例肿瘤压迫神经。结论　MRI加增强 3D -TOF -MRA     

MRI Findings in Patients with a History of Failed Prior Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: How to Image and Where to Look

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A minority of patients who undergo microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm do not improve after the first operation. We sought to determine the most common locations of unaddressed neurovascular contact in patients with persistent or recurrent hemifacial spasm despite prior microvascular decompression.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighteen patients with a history of a microvascular decompression presented with persistent hemifacial spasm. All patients underwent thin-section steady-state free precession MR imaging. Fourteen patients underwent repeat microvascular decompression at our institution. Images were evaluated for the following: the presence of persistent vascular compression of the facial nerve, type of culprit vessel (artery or vein), name of the culprit artery, segment of the nerve in contact with the vessel, and location of the point of contact relative to the existing surgical pledget. The imaging findings were compared with the operative findings.RESULTS:In 12 of the 18 patients (67%), persistent vascular compression was identified by imaging. In 11 of these 12 patients, the culprit vessel was an artery. Compression of the attached segment (along the ventral surface of the pons) was identified in most patients (58%, 7/12). The point of contact was proximal to the surgical pledget in most patients (83%, 10/12). The imaging interpretation was concordant with the surgical results regarding artery versus vein in 86% of cases and regarding the segment of the nerve contacted in 92%.CONCLUSIONS:In patients with persistent hemifacial spasm despite microvascular decompression, the unaddressed vascular compression is typically proximal to the previously placed pledget, usually along the attached segment of the nerve. Re-imaging with high-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging will usually identify the culprit vessel.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by unilateral spasms of the facial musculature.¹ While not life-threatening, the disease can profoundly reduce quality of life. It has an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 people per year.² HFS is most commonly the result of vascular compression of the facial nerve.³ Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve is a well-established treatment for HFS with success rates exceeding 90% for the initial operation.⁴ Patients who have persistent HFS despite undergoing MVD pose a challenge for both neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. However, many patients with unabated HFS despite prior MVD can and do benefit from repeat operations.^5,6 Failure to identify persistent vascular compression of the facial nerve can discourage reoperation and potential cure. The purpose of this article was to determine whether MR imaging could identify unaddressed neurovascular contact in patients with ongoing HFS despite prior MVD and to report the frequency and most common locations of this residual neurovascular contact.     

Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography in the investigation of hemifacial spasm

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), combined with submillimeter magnetic resonance tomographic angiographic sections (MRTA) showed vascular compression of the 7th cranial nerve or its root exit zone (REZ) in the brain stem in 24 of 37 patients (64.86%) with hemifacial spasm. MRA alone was positive for REZ compression in only 19 (51.4%) cases, while conventional MRI was even less revealing, only 10 (27%) cases being positive.     

Three-dimensional-MRI of neurovascular compression in patients with hemifacial spasm

We prospectively studied 30 patients to assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) contrastenhanced MRI in patients with hemifacial spasm. In all patients neurovascular compression of the facial nerve could be detected. Microvascular decompression was performed in 14, and vascular compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve and the offending artery were exactyl as predicted by MRI in all but 2. We also retrospectively studied whether the symptomatic side could be defined only by enhanced 3D MRI in 55 randomised individuals (30 with and 25 without hemifacial spasm). All symptomatic sides were correctly identified, and the false-positive rate was 13.8%.     

Hemifacial spasm: MR imaging features

MR imaging was used to evaluate the relationship of the root exit zone of the seventh cranial nerve to surrounding vascular structures in 13 patients with clinically documented hemifacial spasm and in 70 asymptomatic patients. MR imaging clearly demonstrated the course of the seventh nerve from the root exit zone of the brainstem to the internal auditory canal and its relationship to the surrounding vertebrobasilar system. The presence of a vascular structure at the root exit zone of the seventh nerve was identified in all 13 patients with hemifacial spasm. In the 70 asymptomatic patients, examination of 140 seventh nerves revealed that 21% had contact by a vascular structure at the root exit zone of the seventh nerve. Our results indicate that although neurovascular contact may be asymptomatic, MR demonstration of a vascular structure at the root exit zone of the seventh cranial nerve in a patient with hemifacial spasm may implicate neurovascular compression as the cause of symptomatology. This finding may alter therapeutic management. Because of the inherent limitations of CT in the visualization of posterior fossa structures, MR imaging should be considered the initial screening procedure in the assessment of patients with hemifacial spasm.