肝硬化伴自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者血浆降钙素原与预后的关系

目的　探讨血浆降钙素原 (procalcitonin ,PCT)与肝硬化伴自发性细菌性腹膜炎 (spontaneousbacterialperitonitis,SBP)患者预后的关系。方法　采用免疫发光法检测 10 2例肝硬化腹水 (54例SBP、18例腹部脓毒症和 3 0例单纯腹水 )血浆PCT水平。结果　肝硬化伴SBP组血浆PCT水平显著高于单纯腹水组 ,腹部脓毒症组显著高于SBP组 (均P <0 0 0 1)。死亡组 (SBP和腹部脓毒症病人 )入院时血浆PCT水平与同期存活组相比 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5)。最初 3天血浆PCT水平变化与SBP临床不同结局密切相关 ,但对腹部脓毒症预后判断价值有限。结论　血浆PCT检测对肝硬化伴SBP患者预后判断和腹部脓毒症的早期诊断具有重要价值     

肝硬化患者血浆降钙素原、IL-18检测及临床意义

探讨肝硬化患者血浆降钙素原 (Procalcitonin ,PCT)、IL - 18水平变化及临床意义。采用免疫发光法和ELISA法测定 98例肝硬化患者和 30例正常对照者血浆PCT、IL - 18水平。肝硬化患者血浆PCT、IL - 18水平显著高于正常对照组 ,自发性细菌性腹膜炎 (SBP)组显著高于非SBP组 (均P <0 0 1) ,二者水平呈正相关 (r =0 36 4 ,P <0 0 1)。随Child分级升高 ,上述指标逐渐递增 ,血浆PCT、IL - 18水平与TBil水平均呈正相关 (r =0 4 4 5和 0 4 12 ,均P <0 0 1) ;PCT与ALT之间无明显相关性 (r=0 173,P >0 0 5 ) ,而IL - 18与ALT呈正相关 (r=0 5 0 2 ,P <0 0 1)。联合检测有助于判断肝硬化肝功能状况及疾病严重程度     

乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌HBV复制及其癌组织中HBsAg/HBcAg表达的研究

目的以慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitisB,CHB)患者为对照,观察乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者血清中HBVDNA水平的变化,以及HCC组织中HBsAg/HBcAg的表达情况,探讨HBV导致HCC的可能机制。方法 HCC组89例,CHB组120例。采用实时定量PCR法检测血清HBVDNA水平;分别留取肝脏穿刺组织标本(HCC组织均带有癌旁肝硬化组织),用免疫组化法检测组织中HBsAg/HBcAg的表达情况。结果 HCC组血清HBVDNA水平明显低于CHB组(P<0.05);在CHB组织、癌旁肝硬化组织和HCC组织中HBsAg表达阳性率分别为90%、51%和10%,HBcAg阳性率分别为78%、19%和3%,与CHB组织、癌旁肝硬化组织相比,HCC组织中2种抗原表达均明显较低(P均<0.05)。结论在HBV慢性感染不同疾病阶段,血清HBVDNA水平和HBsAg/HBcAg在肝组织内的表达具有显著差异;与CHB组相比,HCC组HBVDNA水平较低,HBsAg/HBcAg表达显著缺失,这可能与HCC患者HBVDNA复制水平降低有关,但也不排除其他因素导致HBsAg/HBcAg表达抑制。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织病理及免疫组化关系探讨

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织病理及免疫组化的关系。方法:随机选择98例慢性乙型肝炎患者,行肝活检术取肝组织病理诊断,采用免疫组织化学法,检测其中的HBsAg和HBcAg。结果:随着慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织炎症活动度和纤维化程度的加重,血清HBV DNA水平呈中、高量分布,明显高于低水平组,两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。血清HBV DNA呈现高水平复制时,肝组织中HBsAg和HBcAg亦呈现显著表达,有较好的一致性。结论:慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中有较高的HBV复制率,其肝组织中HBsAg和HBcAg的分布类型与HBV复制状况和肝组织病变活动性有相关性。     

248例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织HBsAg／HBcAg表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织病理学损害和HBsAg／HBcAg表达的关系。方法 对248例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行肝穿刺活检,采用免疫组织化学法检测HBsAg和HBcAg,同时检测患者血清HBVDNA水平。结果 在肝脏炎症程度G1～G4四组患者之间血清HBV DNA水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,肝纤维化程度S1～S4四组患者之间血清HBV DNA水平也无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;在肝组织HBsAg表达强度-～＋＋＋四组患者之间血清HBV DNA水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,而肝组织HBcAg随血清HBV DNA水平的增高而表达增强。结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织炎症活动度和纤维化程度与血清HBV DNA水平无相关性。     

血浆降钙素原测定在肝硬化伴自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者中的临床应用

目的　探讨血浆降钙素原 (procalcitonin ,PCT)对肝硬化伴自发性细菌性腹膜炎 (spontaneousbacterialperitonitis ,SBP)的诊断价值及与临床病程和预后的关系。方法　采用金标层析法测定 112例肝硬化腹水患者 (单纯腹水 5 1例 ,合并SBP 6 1例 )血浆PCT水平。结果　肝硬化腹水患者血浆PCT水平均显著高于正常 ,以 10ng/mL为阳性判断值时 ,SBP组阳性检出率显著高于无SBP组(P <0 0 0 1) ,且与培养是否阳性无关。最初三天血浆PCT水平变化与临床结局密切相关。结论　血浆PCT测定对肝硬化伴SBP的早期快速诊断及预后判断等有重要价值。     

肝硬化患者血浆降钙素原、内皮素-1与食管静脉曲张的关系

探讨肝硬化患者血浆降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)与食管静脉曲张的关系。采用免疫发光法和放射免疫法测定78例肝硬化患者血浆PCT、ET-1水平,并与食管胃镜检查结果比较。肝硬化患者血浆PCT、ET-1水平均显著高于正常(P<0.01),二者水平呈正相关(r=0.38,P<0.01)。食管静脉曲张组血浆PCT、ET-1水平显著高于未并发食管静脉曲张组(P<0.01),血浆ET-1与食管静脉曲张程度的相关性优于血浆PCT。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血浆8-OHdG表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血浆8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHd G)的表达水平及临床意义。方法选取2015年9月至2016年8月于我院呼吸内科就诊的121例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者作为急性加重期组,28例稳定期患者作为稳定期组,同期选取20例健康体检者作为健康对照组。检测各组受试者血浆8-OHd G、中性粒细胞CD64指数(CD64指数)、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)表达水平,观察急性加重期组各指标在不同GOLD分级水平变化,并分析8-OHd G表达水平与CAT评分之间的相关性。结果急性加重期组患者血浆8-OHd G、CD64指数、PCT、CRP水平均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与稳定期组相比,急性加重期组患者血浆8-OHd G、PCT水平显著升高(P0.05)。急性加重期组GOLDⅢ、Ⅳ级患者血浆8-OHd G、CD64指数、PCT、CRP水平明显高于GOLDⅠ级患者,GOLDⅣ级患者血浆8-OHd G、CD64指数、CRP水平显著高于GOLDⅡ级患者(P0.05)。急性加重期组血浆8-OHd G水平与CAT评分呈正相关(r=0.419,P0.01)。结论 8-OHd G可用于AECOPD患者的辅助诊断,其水平的高低与患者病情严重程度及生活质量具有一定相关性。     

肝炎肝硬化患者肝组织中HBcAg、HBVDNA表达的初步探讨

观察乙型肝炎引起的肝炎肝硬化患者组织中HBcAg和HBVDNA的表达。随机采取100例乙型肝炎 肝硬化患者，行肝活检术取肝组织，采用免疫组织化学和原位分子杂交，检测其中HBcAg和HBVDNA。肝组织中HBcAg、HBVDNA的检出率分别为64％和62％（P＞0．05）。血清HBV呈高复制时，肝组织中HBcAg和HBVDNA的阳性表达，有较好的一致性；HBcAg颗粒在肝呈弥漫的浆、膜型分布者，其肝组织中HBVDNSA呈高表达，其肝组织病变是活动的（P＜0．05）。乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝组织中有较高的HBV复制率；肝组织中HBcAg和HBVDNA的分布类型与其中的HBV复制状况和组织病变的活动性有关。     

慢性肝病的血栓前状态评价

目的　探讨慢性肝病是否存在血栓前状态。方法　检测 5 1例慢性乙型肝炎及 2 9例肝硬化患者血浆血管性假性血友病因子 (vWF)含量、D 二聚体含量及血清纤维蛋白原降解产物 (FDP)水平 ,并对肝组织进行vWF的免疫过氧化物酶染色观察。结果　慢性乙型肝炎患者血浆vWF含量、D 二聚体含量及血清FDP水平均较正常对照升高 ,但差异无显著性。而肝硬化患者血浆vWF含量、D 二聚体含量及血清FDP水平与正常对照相比差异均有显著性。肝硬化患者的血浆D 二聚体含量及血清FDP水平与慢性乙型肝炎患者相比差异有显著性。 5 1例慢性乙型肝炎肝组织中 3 3例沿肝窦壁有vWF的阳性表达 ,阳性率为 64 .71%,随病变加重 ,阳性率增加。结论　慢性乙型肝炎患者的凝血、纤溶系统已发生紊乱。当患者病情进展到肝硬化阶段 ,凝血、纤溶系统即已出现显著紊乱 ,存在一定程度的弥漫性血管内凝血     

45例HBsAg阴性乙型肝炎的临床分析

目的研究HBsAg阴性乙型肝炎的临床特点、血清HBV标志物、HBVDNA水平、肝脏病理变化及肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg的表达情况。方法回顾性分析45例HBsAg阴性乙型肝炎患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行了肝组织活检和病理免疫组化检测。结果在45例患者中,23例(51.1%)感染途径不明,25例(55.5%)无任何自觉症状,肝功能异常和病理损害均为轻度,但8例(17.8%)肝脏病理诊断为早期肝硬化;45例患者肝组织HBsAg和(或)HB-cAg均有至少一项阳性;43例(95.6%)患者血清抗-HBs、抗-HBe和抗-HBc出现单独或联合阳性,而仅4例(8.9%)血清HBVDNA阳性。结论HBsAg阴性乙型肝炎起病隐匿,临床症状、肝功能变化和病理损害相对较轻,但其危害不容忽视,明确诊断需检测血清HBVDNA和(或)肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg。     

慢性乙肝患者血清病毒载量、肝组织病毒抗原表达及炎症分级的关系

为探讨慢性乙肝患者血清病毒载量、肝组织病毒抗原表达与肝组织炎症分级的关系,对113例慢性乙肝患者进行了血清HBVDNA定量检测、肝组织活检进行病理诊断及乙肝病毒表面抗原、核心抗原免疫组化染色,并分析其相关性。结果显示肝组织病毒抗原的表达与血清HBVDNA水平显著相关;血清HBVDNA水平与肝组织炎症分级无显著相关性;肝组织炎症分级与HBcAg表达显著相关,但与HBsAg表达无显著相关性。     

Differential distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen in the liver of hepatitis B patients.

One hundred liver biopsies from 100 patients with clinical presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis were examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Of the 60 HBsAg-positive livers, 51 were diagnosed as chronic hepatitis on histological grounds, 6 as acute hepatitis, and 3 as "near-normal liver." From the 60 tissue-positive cases, 3 subjects were HBsAg seronegative. HBcAg was detected in 44 livers, all of which also had HBcAg in the localized in the cytoplasm and the membranes of the hepatocytes, and HBcAg in the nuclei and in 4 cases also in the cytoplasm. Predominant HBsAg expression in the cytoplasm was observed in near-normal liver, chronic persistent hepatitis, and cirrhosis with little activity. This correlated with the amount of ground glass hepatocytes in the biopsies. HBcAg and membrane-localized HBsAg were minimal in those conditions. HBcAg was most prevalent in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and active cirrhosis treated with immunosuppressive drugs, whereas the amounts of HBsAg and HBcAg in nontreated patients of those two groups and in acute hepatitis with signs of transition to chronicity were almost equal. HBsAg expression in liver cell membranes was most prominent in active forms of chronic hepatitis (chronic aggressive hepatitis and in active cirrhosis) and in acute hepatitis with signs of transition to chronicity. This observation correlated in the presence of HBcAg in the biopsies of those patients. In acute hepatitis both HBsAg and HBcAg were detected rarely and no membrane expression of HBsAg was observed. The over-all results show a significant relationship between the different degrees of accumulation of HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver and the various histological types of hepatitis and further suggest an interplay of both hepatitis B virus and host immune response in the development and pathogenesis of hepatitis B.     

慢性乙肝患者肝脏炎症活动与肝组织HBcAg表达的相关性分析

探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏炎症活动与肝组织HBcAg表达的相关性。随机选择102例住院慢性乙型肝炎患者,肝穿活检,行HE染色及免疫组化染色,光镜观察其肝组织炎症活动与免疫组化HBcAg染色阳性率的关系。随慢性乙肝患者肝组织炎症活动度的增加,各亚型HBcAg阳性率有明显差异,P〈0．05。慢性乙肝患者肝组织炎症活动度与HBcAg阳性亚型有关。     

Course of hepatitis B and D virus infection in auxiliary liver grafts in hepatitis B-positive patients : A light-microscopic and immunohistochemical study

Four patients who received an auxiliary partial liver graft for decompensated liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B (HBV), associated in two cases with hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection, were studied. The sequential appearance of hepatitis B and D antigens in the grafts was investigated in serial liver biopsies by immuno-histochemical methods and compared with the viral antigenic profiles of the host livers. The histological changes in the liver grafts were studied in relation to the viral expression patterns. One week after transplantation, expression of HBsAg was already apparent in two grafts. HBcAg was found in the graft of the only patient with HBcAg in the host liver. HDAg was expressed in the grafts of both patients with HDV superinfection; in one of these cases HDAg was present without HBsAg. At 3 months, viral antigen expression was maximal. Expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in the grafts of the two HDV-positive patients was, however, less extensive than in the two HBV-positive patients. All patients developed a mild lobular hepatitis, histologically demonstrated between the 47th and 107th posttransplantation day. In the two HBV-positive, HDV-negative patients, cirrhotic transformation of the graft occurred within 1 year. In the HDV-positive patients only a mild chronic active hepatitis with slight or moderate fibrosis was observed after 1 year. We conclude that recurrence of HBV and HDV infection in auxiliary liver grafts is demonstrable within 1-3 weeks. HBV infection in liver grafts may be a rapidly progressive disease. Coinfection with HDV does not aggravate the acute hepatitis and may even suppress the progression of chronic HBV.     

高压氧治疗慢性肝炎对患者免疫功能和肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg影响的研究

观察慢性肝炎（CH）高压氧（HBO）治疗前后患者的免疫功能和肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg的变化。用纯氧单仓治疗（0.25MPa,1./5h/d,10fd/cyc,6cyc）60例CH，治疗前后用Array TM Protein System Array 160测静脉血A／G,r,lgA,lgG,lgM,C1,C4；肝穿刺活检，SP法检测肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg，HBO治疗后CH患者静脉血r,lgA,lgG,LGm,C1,C4明显降低，A明显升高，治疗前后差异显著（P＜0．05）；CH患者肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg治疗前后差异不显著（P＞0．05）。HBO治疗CH，可降低患者的免疫反应，对CH肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg抑制作用不明显。     

Influence of HBcAg in liver cell plasma on expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in liver tissue of low-grade chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To study the influence of HBcAg on the expressionof transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in livertissue of low-grade chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.METHODS:The expression of TGF-β1 and HBcAgin liver samples from 93 low-grade CHB patients wasdetected by immunohistochemistry and valuated bysemi-quantitative scoring.RESULTS:In the 93 low-grade CHB patients,HBcAgwas expressed in cell plasma but not in the liver tissue.There was no significant difference between the twogroups.CONCLUSION:The expression of TGF-β1 is not relatedwith HBcAg expressed as plasma type in the tissues oflow-grade CHB patients.     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者肝组织病理改变的相关因素分析

目的 分析HBeAg阴性慢性HBV感染者肝组织病理改变的相关因素.方法 对288例不同年龄、性别、ALT水平、肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg免疫组织化学结果的HBeAg阴性HBV感染者的HBV DNA载量、肝组织病理变化进行相关分析,采用Bivariate Pearson法.结果 男性组肝组织炎症分级和纤维化分期分别为1.721.23和1.71±1.24,女性组分别为1.25±1.39和1.21±1.40,两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.398,t=2.551;均P＜0.05)}男性HBV DNA载量高于女性,但差异无统计学意义.40岁以上HBeAg阴性HBV感染者HBV DNA载量、肝组织炎症分级和纤维化分期显著高于40岁以下者(t=2.060,t=2.536,t=2.808;均P＜0.05).ALT正常的HBeAg阴性乙型肝炎患者中,75例(52.03%)血清HBVDNA≤1×103拷贝/mL,肝组织炎症活动度≥G2的56例,占38.89%,血清ALT水平与肝组织炎症活动度相关(r=0.244,P=0.004).ALT异常的慢性HBV感染者中,42例(31.57%)血清HBV DNA≤1×103拷贝/mL,肝组织炎症活动度≥G2的89例,占66.92%.血清ALT水平与肝组织炎症程度无相关(r=0.007,P=0.939).肝组织免疫组织化学HBsAg及HBcAg双阳性组肝组织炎症/纤维化、HBV DNA滴度显著高于HBsAg、HBcAg双阴性组和HBsAg阳性、HBcAg阴性组,差异有统计学意义.血清HBV DNA与肝组织炎症程度相关(r=0.349,P＜0.05).结论 性别、年龄、血清HBV DNA水平及HBsAg、HBcAg免疫组织化学结果可作为判断HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织炎症损伤程度的相关指标,男性、年龄越大、血清HBV DNA水平越高、肝组织免疫组织化学HBsAg及HBcAg双阳性,肝组织炎性反应损伤越严重.HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者即使ALT正常、血清HBV DNA≤1×100拷贝/mL,仍约1/3患者的肝组织存在明显的炎性反应损伤,需定期追踪,最好行肝组织活检,以早期发现适宜治疗者而避免延误病情.