草木犀流浸液片对脓毒症大鼠肺组织VEGF及肺血管通透性的影响

探讨草木犀流浸液片对盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)脓毒症大鼠肺VEGF及肺血管通透性的影响。将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组:①正常对照组20只;②假手术组20只;③对照组20只;④治疗组20只。假手术组只开腹,不行CLP;对照组和治疗组建立CLP脓毒症模型。术前2h治疗组给予草木犀流浸液片20mg/kg,每8h一次,24h处死各组大鼠大鼠,观察肺组织VEGF mRNA、NF-κB mRNA、NF-κB p65及血清VEGF-a、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12的变化;同时测定肺组织通透性(EB)、湿/干重比(W/D)及肺组织病理变化。研究发现:与正常对照组比较,VEGFmRNA、NF-κB p65mRNA、NF-κB p65、VEGF、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12在假手术者无明显变化,差异无统计学意义P>0.05;对照组、治疗组显著升高,差异有非常显著意义P<0.01;与对照组比较,治疗组VEGF mRNA、NF-κB p65mRNA、NF-κB p65、VEGF、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8显著降低,IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12显著升高,差异有统计学意义P<0.05。VEGF mRNA与NF-κB mRNA、VEGF与NF-κB p65分别具有正相关性(r=0.852,P<0.05;r=0.794,P<0.05)。病检也发现,治疗组肺病病理损伤较对照组明显减轻。结果提示:草木犀流浸液片能够抑制CLP脓毒症大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA、VEGF mRNA的表达,降低血清VEGF、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8水平,促进IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12的产生,显著降低脓毒症大鼠肺组织微血管通透性,对脓毒症大鼠肺组织具有保护作用。     

Experimental Study of the Protective Effect of Simvastatin on Lung Injury in Rats with Sepsis

Simvastatin, which is primarily prescribed to lower cholesterol, may also mitigate lung injury caused by sepsis, although the mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of simvastatin on acute lung injury in rats with sepsis and to investigate possible mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with simvastatin (0.2 μg/g) for 1 week before cecal ligation and puncture. Treatment with simvastatin demonstrated significant decreases in the concentration of protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and lipocalin 2, and the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in septic rats. In addition, simvastatin also reduced levels of Evans blue, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and wet/dry lung weight ratios, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in lung tissue. Furthermore, expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and active caspase-3 proteins and Bax mRNA were also decreased by simvastatin. H&E staining showed that severe lung injury occurred in the sepsis group and that lung injury was reduced by treatment with simvastatin. In conclusion, simvastatin improved endothelial permeability and mitigated the inflammatory response of lung tissue, the oxidative stress response, and cell apoptosis by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating sepsis-induced acute lung injury in rats.     

Artesunate Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury Via Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulation

Artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts protective roles in sepsis. Heme oxygense-1 (HO-1) inhibits the inflammatory response through reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte influx into tissues. The present study investigated the effects of artesunate on HO-1 and septic lung injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was employed to induce septic lung injury. Mice pretreated with artesunate (AS) (15 mg/kg) exhibited decreased sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury and alleviated lung pathological changes and neutrophil infiltration. In addition, AS lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) expression and NF-κB activation in lung tissue. In addition, AS enhanced NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation and HO-1 expression and enzymatic activity in lung tissue. However, the protective effects of AS on sepsis-induced lung injury were eliminated by ZnPP IX, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. Therefore, AS plays protective roles in septic lung injury related to the upregulation of HO-1. These findings suggest an effective and applicable treatment to sepsis-induced lung injury and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and actions of AS.     

灯盏细辛对肺缺血-再灌注损伤时核转录因子-κB表达的影响

目的：探讨灯盏细辛对肺缺血-再灌注（I/R）损伤时核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）表达的影响。方法: 建立大鼠在体肺原位I/R损伤模型，将32只大鼠随机分为假手术组（I组）、缺血-再灌注组（II组）、小剂量灯盏细辛组（25 mg/kg,III组）、大剂量灯盏细辛组（50 mg/kg,IV组）；观察各组肺湿干重比（W/D），检测各组肺组织髓质过氧化物酶（MPO）活性，应用免疫组化及Western blotting法检测肺细胞核内NF-κB活性及含量，光镜下HE染色观察病理形态学改变、电镜观察肺组织超微结构变化。结果: III、IV组W/D、MPO活性及细胞核内NF-κB含量均明显低于II组，肺水肿程度及肺超微结构损害显著轻于II组；III、IV组之间比较差异显著（P<0.05）。结论: 灯盏细辛对肺缺血-再灌注损伤具有防治作用，其机制可能与其抑制NF-κB活化，从而减少中性粒细胞浸润、抑制炎症损伤有关。     

虫草素联合谷氨酰胺对LPS诱导的脓毒症大鼠炎症失衡及肝肺病理变化的影响

目的　研究虫草素（cordycepin,Cop）联合谷氨酰胺（glutamine,Gln）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的脓毒症大鼠炎症失衡和肝肺病理变化的影响及其可能机制。 方法　将大鼠按体重随机分为5组：对照组、模型组（LPS组）、LPS+Cop组、LPS+Gln组和LPS+Cop+Gln组,腹腔注射LPS（5 mg/kg）诱导建立脓毒症大鼠模型。ELISA检测外周血中炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10的含量;HE染色观察肝肺组织的病理损伤情况;TUNEL染色观察肝肺组织的细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测肝肺组织中Caspase-3表达水平及NF-κB p65的磷酸化情况 。 结果　LPS+Cop组、LPS+Gln组和LPS+Cop+Gln组均能逆转LPS诱导的促炎因子（IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β）的高表达和抗炎因子（IL-10）的低表达（P<0.05）,减轻病理损伤,抑制细胞凋亡（P<0.05）,降低凋亡蛋白Caspase-3高表达（P<0.05）,下调NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。 结论　在LPS诱导的脓毒症大鼠模型中,虫草素联合谷氨酰胺能有效改善其炎症失衡和肝肺病理变化。     

虫草素联合谷氨酰胺对LPS诱导的脓毒症大鼠炎症失衡及肝肺病理变化的影响

目的　研究虫草素（cordycepin,Cop）联合谷氨酰胺（glutamine,Gln）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的脓毒症大鼠炎症失衡和肝肺病理变化的影响及其可能机制。 方法　将大鼠按体重随机分为5组：对照组、模型组（LPS组）、LPS+Cop组、LPS+Gln组和LPS+Cop+Gln组,腹腔注射LPS（5 mg/kg）诱导建立脓毒症大鼠模型。ELISA检测外周血中炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10的含量;HE染色观察肝肺组织的病理损伤情况;TUNEL染色观察肝肺组织的细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测肝肺组织中Caspase-3表达水平及NF-κB p65的磷酸化情况 。 结果　LPS+Cop组、LPS+Gln组和LPS+Cop+Gln组均能逆转LPS诱导的促炎因子（IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β）的高表达和抗炎因子（IL-10）的低表达（P<0.05）,减轻病理损伤,抑制细胞凋亡（P<0.05）,降低凋亡蛋白Caspase-3高表达（P<0.05）,下调NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。 结论　在LPS诱导的脓毒症大鼠模型中,虫草素联合谷氨酰胺能有效改善其炎症失衡和肝肺病理变化。     

Treatment of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Inhibits Systemic Inflammation and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

To determine whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is able to reduce pulmonary inflammation and improve the survival in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Rat ALI model was reproduced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into tail vein. Rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, ALI group, LMWH-treated group. Blood was collected and lung tissue was harvested at the designated time points for analysis. The lung specimens were harvested for morphological studies, streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination. Lung tissue edema was evaluated by tissue water content. The levels of lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein levels in the lung were studied. In survival studies, a separate group of rats were treated with LMWH or sterile saline after LPS administration. Then, the mortality was recorded. Treatment with LMWH after ALI was associated with a reduction in the severity of LPS-induced lung injury. Treatment with LMWH significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1 and ICAM-1 in the lung of ALI rats. Similarly, treatment with LMWH dramatically diminished LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration and markedly reduced the enhanced lung permeability. In the present study, LMWH administration inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the lung. Survival was significantly higher among the LMWH-treated group compared with the ALI group. These data suggest that LMWH attenuates inflammation and prevents lethality in endotoxemic rats.     

Bakuchiol Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Septic Mice

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction that may lead to multiple organ damage and acute lung injury (ALI). Bakuchiol (Bak) has been reported to confer protection against inflammation and oxidative stress. However, its effect on sepsis-induced acute lung injury remains unclear. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and Bak (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically after 0 and 3 h of surgery. Lung water content was detected. Pathologic changes in lung tissues were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated using ELISA. In addition, expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-IκB, ICAM-1, HMGB1, nitrotyrosine (3-NT), claudin-1, and VE-cadherin were detected using Western blot. Further, IL-1β expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence. SOD activity, contents of MDA, and 8-OHdG were detected to determine the level of oxidative stress. Our results suggested that Bak (60 mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated pathologic changes and edema in lung tissues and attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung following sepsis. Additionally, Bak treatment alleviated sepsis-induced lung endothelial barrier disruption. In conclusion, Bak treatment attenuates ALI following sepsis by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial barrier disruption. Our study indicates that Bak is a potential candidate to treat sepsis-induced ALI.     

Calcium-sensing receptor in the T lymphocyte enhanced the apoptosis and cytokine secretion in sepsis

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that existed in lymphocytes and promoted cytokine secretion. Lymphocytes are also involved in sepsis. However, the role of CaSR in lymphocytes in sepsis is unclear. In this study, we want to examine whether the CaSR in lymphocytes in sepsis is involved in the cytokine secretions and apoptosis and make clear the relationship between NF-κB and MAPK signal transduction pathways. We investigated the issues mentioned earlier using Western blotting, ELISA, and Flow Cytometry. The sepsis was remodeled by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that CaSR protein expression increased in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes in CLP rats. The calcimimetic R568 (NPS R568) promoted, whereas the calcilytic NPS 2143 attenuated, signaling pathways proteins P65 (subunit of NF-κB), ERK1/2, and JNK (one subgroup of MAPKs) phosphorylation. However, P-P38 and P-JAKs exhibit no significant changes. Furthermore, the production TNF-α and IL-4 was greater in CLP rats than in normal rats, and NPS R568 promoted secretion of these cytokines. Simultaneously, the apoptotic ratio of T cells in CLP increased, and NPS R 568 exacerbated the apoptosis degree. However, these effects could also be inhibited by U0126 or SP600125 (MAPKs pathway inhibitor) or Bay-11-7082 or (NF-κB pathway inhibitor). From these results, we can conclude that, in the sepsis, CaSR activation promoted T-cell apoptosis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 probably through NF-κB and partial MAPK signal transduction pathways.     

罗哌卡因通过 HMGB1 / NF-κB 通路减轻 LPS 诱导的小鼠急性 肺损伤

目的 探讨罗哌卡因 ( ropivacaine, Rop) 对脂多糖 ( lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的小鼠急性 肺损伤 (acute lung injury, ALI) 的作用及其机制。 方法 气管内滴注 LPS 诱导肺损伤小鼠模型, 并将小鼠 随机分为 6 组: 对照组、 LPS 组、 罗哌卡因 0. 25、 0. 5、 1 μmol / L 组和右美托咪定 (dexmedetomidine, Dex) 100 μg / kg 组。 Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) 染色评估肺组织的组织病理学变化; ELISA 法测定肺组织中髓过 氧化物酶 (myeloperoxidase, MPO)、 丙二醛 ( malondialdehyde, MDA)、 超氧化物歧化酶 ( superoxide dismutase, SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 ( glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) 的活性; 检测血清中 IL-6、 IL-1β 和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 的表达; Western 印迹检测 HMGB1 / NF-κB 通路相关蛋 白的表达。 结果 与对照组比较, LPS 诱导肺泡外膜增厚、 出血和肺水肿; 肺损伤评分和肺含水量增加; MPO 和 MDA 活性增加, SOD 和 GSH-Px 水平降低; IL-6、 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 水平升高; HMGB1 蛋白和 NF-κB P65 磷酸化水平升高, 有显著性差异 (P< 0. 05)。 与 LPS 组比较, 罗哌卡因 0. 5、 1 μmol / L 组小鼠肺损伤 程度明显减轻; MPO 和 MDA 活性降低, SOD 和 GSH-Px 水平升高; IL-6、 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 水平降低; HMGB1 蛋白和 NF-κB P65 磷酸化水平降低, 有显著性差异 (P< 0. 05)。 结论 罗哌卡因通过抑制 HMGB1 / NF-κB 通路, 有效减弱了 LPS 引起的肺组织损伤。     

Protective effects of asiaticoside on septic lung injury in mice

Asiaticoside (AS), a major triterpenoid saponin component isolated from Centella asiatica, has been described to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to determine the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of AS on septic lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were pretreated with the AS (45 mg/kg) or AS as well as GW9662 at 1 h before CLP, the survival, lung injury, inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were determined 24 h after CLP. The results showed that AS significantly decreased CLP-induced the mortality, lung pathological damage, the infiltration of mononuclear, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes and total proteins. Moreover, AS inhibited CLP-induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in lung tissues, and the production of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Interestingly, the expression of PPAR-γ protein in lung tissue was up-regulated by AS. Furthermore, GW9662 (the inhibitor of PPAR-γ) significantly reversed these beneficial effects of AS in septic mice. These findings suggest that AS could effectively protect from septic lung injury induced by CLP and the underlying mechanisms might be related to up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression to some extent, which inhibits MAPKs and NF-κB pathway.     

Inhibition of visfatin alleviates sepsis-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting Hippo signaling pathway

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate role of Visfatin, one of the pro-inflammatory adipokines, in sepsis-induced intestinal injury and to clarify the potential mechanism.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to establish sepsis model in vivo. Intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with LPS to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury in vitro. FK866 (the inhibitor of Visfatin) with or without XMU-MP-1 (the inhibitor of Hippo signaling) was applied for treatment. The expression levels of Visfatin, NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways-related proteins were detected by western blot or immunohistochemistry. The intestinal cell apoptosis and intestinal injury were investigated by TUNEL staining and H&E staining, respectively. ELISA was used to determine the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Results

The expression of Visfatin increased in CLP mice. FK866 reduced intestinal pathological injury, inflammatory cytokines production, and intestinal cell apoptosis in sepsis mice. Meanwhile, FK866 affected NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways. Additionally, the effects of FK866 on inflammatory response, apoptosis, Hippo signaling and NF-κB signaling were partly abolished by XMU-MP-1, the inhibitor of Hippo signaling. In vitro experiments also revealed that FK866 exhibited a protective role against LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in intestinal cells, as well as regulating NF-κB and Hippo signaling, whereas addition of XMU-MP-1 weakened the protective effects of FK866.

Conclusion

In short, this study demonstrated that inhibition of Visfatin might alleviate sepsis-induced intestinal injury through Hippo signaling pathway, supporting a further research on Visfatin as a therapeutic target.

     

Protective Effect of p-Cymene on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

In the previous study, the anti-inflammatory effect of p-cymene had been found. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of p-cymene on acute lung injury using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. The cell counting in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. The animal lung edema degree was evaluated by wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed by SOD and MPO kits, respectively. The levels of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory signal pathway-related protein levels of NF-κB were measured using Western blotting. The data showed that treatment with the p-cymene markedly attenuated inflammatory cell numbers in the BALF, decreased NF-κB protein level in the lungs, improved SOD activity, and inhibited MPO activity. Histological studies demonstrated that p-cymene substantially inhibited LPS-induced neutrophils in the lung tissue compared with the model group. The results indicated that p-cymene had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice.     

Effects of Honokiol on Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in an Experimental Model of Sepsis in Rats

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis, which largely contributes to the high mortality rate of sepsis. Honokiol, a natural product isolated from Magnolia officinalis (Houpo), has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we investigated the effects of honokiol on sepsis-associated AKI in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that the administration of honokiol improved the survival of septic rats. Periodic acid-Schiff stain revealed that the morphological changes of kidney tissues in CLP rats were restored after honokiol treatment. Furthermore, honokiol reduced CLP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) were attenuated by honokiol in septic rats. Finally, honokiol inhibited CLP-induced activation of NF-κB signaling in CLP rats. Our findings suggest that honokiol might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for complications of sepsis, especially for sepsis-induced AKI.     

绿茶多酚通过抑制TLR4通路减轻蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤

目的 探讨绿茶多酚通过抑制TLR4通路对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤的影响.方法 建立大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血模型,随机分为模型组、绿茶多酚组、TAK-242(TLR4抑制剂)组、绿茶多酚+TAK-242组,每组12只;另取12只大鼠设为假手术组.药物处理后,对所有大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分,检测各组大鼠脑组织含水量,采用Ev...     

Artesunate Inhibits Renal Ischemia Reperfusion-Stimulated Lung Inflammation in Rats by Activating HO-1 Pathway

Artesunate (AS), a semi-synthetic derivative of Artemisia, has been shown to exert a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the protective functions of AS on renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR)-stimulated lung inflammation remain unclear. In this research, acute lung injury (ALI) was stimulated by renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR). AS (15 mg/kg) was intraperitoneal administrated to rat 1 h before RIR stimulation. Serum and pulmonary NO, MDA, IL-6, MIP-2, and PGE₂ levels, arterial blood gas and biochemistry, lung wet/dry weight ratio and MPO activity, total cell number and protein concentration in BALF, tissue histology, and NF-κB expression were determined. The results indicated that serum and pulmonary NO, MDA, IL-6, MIP-2, and PGE₂ levels, lung wet/dry weight ratio and MPO activity, total cell number, and protein concentration in BALF enhanced after RIR stimulation. These alterations were mitigated by AS. AS attenuated lung wet/dry weight ratio and MPO activity, total cell number, and protein concentration in BALF. AS attenuated RIR-stimulated pulmonary NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, these previously mentioned actions of AS were antagonized by suppressing HO-1 pathway. However, RIR-stimulated arterial blood gas and biochemistry and lung histopathology were also attenuated by AS. In summary, AS inhibited RIR-stimulated lung inflammation by activating HO-1 pathway.     

MiR-494通过核转录因子-κB通路对脓毒症大鼠肾损伤的作用机制

目的：探讨miR-494 通过核转录因子-κB(NF-κB) 通路对脓毒症大鼠肾损伤的作用机制。方法：大鼠 分为假手术组、脓毒症大鼠模型组（ 模型组）、转染miR-494 inhibitor 脓毒症大鼠模型组（miR-494 inhibitor 组）。Masson 三色法检测大鼠肾组织病变程度,ELISA 法检测炎症因子水平,免疫印迹检测NF-κB 的蛋白表达, TUNEL 检测肾小管细胞凋亡,全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清及尿液中血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）及24 h 尿蛋白定量（UTP）等生物化学指标。结果：与假手术组相比,模型组及miR-494 inhibitor 组大鼠肾组织中miR- 494 表达量均升高,但miR-494 inhibitor 组大鼠miR-494 表达低于模型组;模型组和miR-494 inhibitor 组大鼠血清 中Scr、BUN 和UTP的表达水平均显著升高。与模型组相比,miR-494 inhibitor 组大鼠血清Scr、BUN、UTP水 平显著降低。假手术组肾组织结构完整,miR-494 inhibitor 组肾小球间质增多,肾间质增宽,炎症细胞浸润严重。 与miR-494 inhibitor 组相比,模型组肾小球硬度增加,肾小管周围组织炎症细胞浸润更加严重。假手术组大鼠白 介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-1β 的表达水平最低,模型组大鼠IL-6、TNF-α 和IL-1β 的表达最高; 与模型组比较,miR-494 inhibitor 组大鼠IL-6、TNF-α 和IL-1β 的水平明显降低,肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡率比模型 组低,但高于假手术组。miR-494 inhibitor 组中大鼠NF-κB p65 蛋白表达比模型组低,但高于假手术组。结论： miR-494 低表达可抑制脓毒症大鼠NF-κB p65 的表达,降低炎症因子水平,从而改善肾损伤程度。     

沉默NF-κB p65基因下调TNF-α诱导的肺泡上皮细胞的炎症反应

目的建立急性肺损伤体外细胞炎症模型,探讨NF-κB p65基因沉默减轻细胞炎症、保护肺结构细胞的可行性。方法以TNF-α(10 ng/ml)刺激肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(A549),运用RNA干扰技术沉默NF-κB p65基因,采用RT-PCR及Westernblotting法检测沉默效率,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10等炎症因子浓度。结果 TNF-α刺激A549细胞可在基因水平上调NF-κB p65的表达,并增加NF-κB蛋白的核转位,上调细胞培养上清中IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10的浓度;预转染NF-κB p65 siRNA可在基因水平及蛋白水平有效沉默NF-κB p65表达,降低上述各炎症因子浓度(P<0.05)。结论急性肺损伤体外细胞炎症模型构建成功,RNA干扰技术能有效沉默该模型NF-κB p65基因,下调炎症反应水平,保护肺泡上皮细胞,为急性肺损伤免疫调控机制的研究和基因靶向治疗提供实验依据。     

Salidroside Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of salidroside (Sal) on lung injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemic in vitro and in vivo. SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, LPS group (15 mg kg^?1), LPS plus dexamethasone (2 mg kg^?1), and LPS plus Sal groups with different Sal doses (20 mg kg^?1, 40 mg kg^?1). Wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio was performed. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining of lung was performed. Lung level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. Serum levels of the activities of the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured. Caveolin-1 and TLR/NF-κB pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. In vitro, we evaluated the protective effect of Sal on A549 cell line induced by LPS. The activities of the antioxidant SOD, CAT, GSH and GPX, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in cellular supernatant were measured. Caveolin-1 and TLR/NF-κB pathway was examined by Western blot. As a result, Sal significantly attenuated the above indices. In addition, Sal exerts pronounced protective effects in rats subjected to LPS possibly through inhibiting the caveolin-1 and TLR/NF-κB pathway in vivo. Our results indicated that Sal could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung injury disease.