贝氏隐孢子虫在珍珠鸡体内发育的透射电镜观察

采用透射电镜观察了贝氏隐孢子虫在珍珠鸡气管和法氏囊的发育。贝氏隐孢子虫各期虫体均在上皮细胞微绒毛所形成的带虫空泡内发育，虫体基部有一营养器。滋养体呈圆形，有一个细胞核。胞质中有发达的粗面内质网。裂殖体经２或３次核分裂，以出芽方式形成４或８个裂殖子。成熟的裂殖子呈香蕉形，大小为２．８５×０．７０μｍ，被双层膜。小配子体由滋养体发育而来，内含多个缺少核仁的细胞核，细胞核移向胞质浅层，并进入胞质突起成为小配子的细胞核。大配子内可观察到二种成囊体和大量多糖颗粒，并在其胞质的空泡内发现小配子类似物。孢子生殖也在带虫空泡内进行，最终形成一个大残体和４个子孢子。子孢子有一个细胞核，富含微线和多糖颗粒。     

鸡疟原虫红细胞内期电镜观察

鸡疟原虫裂殖子侵入红细胞后，圆锥体、致密内膜和膜下微管均没立即消失。随着虫体发育，滋养体逐渐增大，形状不规则，由单层表膜包绕，虫体一侧有胞口，胞口直径与食物泡大小并非有关，食物泡形状各异，其内有结晶状疟色素，细胞质内具有一个大的有嵴线粒体和球形体。细胞核分裂从细胞核变长开始，核膜两极出现染色体团块，两极之间形成纺锤体，核分裂时虫体内细胞器也发生较大的变化，线粒体断裂成多个，裂殖体多处表膜形成致密内膜和膜下微管，内膜覆盖区向含虫空泡凸出形成裂殖子芽，棒状体、细胞核、线粒体和球形体相继进入裂殖子芽中，最终形成多个裂殖子。裂殖子由表膜复合物包绕，顶端呈截状圆锥形突起，有极环，虫体内有棒状体、细胞核、线粒体和球状体等结构。     

青蒿提取物对伯氏疟原虫超微结构的影响

采用4天抑制试验法,观察青蒿提取物和青蒿素对伯氏疟原虫超微结构的影响。结果显示,青蒿提取物和青蒿素均使原虫滋养体膜结构损伤,表现为虫体表膜、食物泡膜、限制膜、线粒体膜、内质网、核膜呈现肿胀及膜间隙增宽。有些虫体表膜、食物泡膜呈现多层螺纹膜样改变。严重病变的原虫滋养体退变崩解,结构消失,残留退变的食物泡和吞噬泡散在红细胞内。此外,还观察到青蒿提取物和青蒿素对疟原虫纳虫泡内裂殖子发育有抑制作用。试验证明,青蒿提取物和青蒿素对伯氏疟原虫滋养体的超微结构损伤部位和病变特征基本相同;并提示对疟原虫纳虫泡内裂殖子发育有一定影响。     

探究获得高成熟率伯氏疟原虫裂殖体的体外培养条件?

为获得大量有活力的伯氏疟原虫裂殖体,本研究对伯氏疟原虫ANKA虫株的体外培养条件主要从培养基的用量、培养基胎牛血清的含量、培养的细胞浓度、培养时间及培养的气体环境等方面进行了优化。当小鼠体内虫血率达到1％～3％,在红内期疟原虫处于环期或早期滋养体阶段时取血分组培养,观察在不同培养条件下裂殖体的状态并检测其活力。与既往的体外培养方法相比,优化后的培养方法,可将裂殖体的成熟率提高到80％,每个裂殖体含12～16个裂殖子,裂殖体尾静脉注射重新入侵红细胞4 h后的虫血率为1?57％,与对照组相比裂殖体的活力提高3?4倍。优化的方法可以提高裂殖体的得量和活力,为伯氏疟原虫的转染奠定基础。     

Wistar大鼠带形囊尾蚴的鉴定和重度感染的病理分析

目的鉴定动物实验中Wistar大鼠所感染寄生虫的种属和分析其感染特征。方法解剖检查正常条件下饲养的大鼠肝脏表面的囊泡,取囊中的虫体头节以10%甲醛及KOH溶液处理后光学显微镜下进行寄生虫的形态学鉴定;并对所感染部位的肝组织进行病理学检查。结果大鼠生长状况良好,无明显异常体征,寄生的虫体鉴定为带形囊尾蚴;本次所解剖检查的Wistar大鼠对该虫的感染率高达85.7%,感染部位均为肝脏,感染虫体数目为5～120个不等,可见带形囊尾蚴早期和成熟期两种形态;肝脏病理虫体周围有嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,未被虫体占位的肝小叶结构正常,未见肝脏纤维瘤样变。结论 Wistar大鼠在饲养中易反复感染带形囊尾蚴,并能耐受重度感染,作为动物模型,一方面应严防该虫的感染对实验结果的干扰,另一方面可作为一个很好的免疫应答的干预模型应用于其他疾病的研究。     

梨形鞭毛虫滋养体的单克隆抗体产生及其特性(文摘)

梨形鞭毛虫是一种寄生于鼠小肠中的原生动物寄生虫,梨形鞭毛虫感染鼠可构成人贾第氏虫病的动物模型以及探讨鞭毛虫滋养体抗原的肠免疫应答的实验途径。鼠单克隆抗体(McAb)是由梨形鞭毛虫滋养体表面抗原来生产的,经非肠道免疫后的BALB/c鼠脾淋巴细胞与P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1骨髓瘤细胞融合而得到B-细胞杂交瘤。梨形鞭毛虫     

鸟类疟原虫一新种：伯劳疟原虫

本文描述寄生虎纹伯劳Laniustigrinus的一种疟原虫,该虫有性体、裂殖体都很小,而且成熟裂殖体几乎观察不到细胞质,所以将该疟原虫归为诺维亚属Novyella,命名为伯劳疟原虫Plasmodium（Novyella）lanius sp．nov．     

谷氨酰胺全肠外营养对短肠大鼠消化器的影响——Ⅰ.小肠、胃和结肠的形态学研究

研究采用35只雄性Wistar大鼠,手术建成短肠大鼠全肠外营养模型,分为饮食、常规全肠外营养、2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养和正常组,持续8天静脉输液或喂养后,采用光镜、电镜和图像分析等方法,对残留小肠、胃和结肠进行形态学观察和相关指标的测定,结果提示:2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组残留小肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、粘膜及肠壁全层厚度均明显大于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组的各组相关指标,均明显大于其它各组.透射电镜观察:2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛明显高于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛明显高于其它各组.并且2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组胃和结肠粘膜和全层厚度均明显大于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组胃的相关指标明显大于其它各组.研究证明:含2%谷氨酰胺的静脉营养液可防止短肠大鼠残留小肠|胃和结肠粘膜的萎缩,饮食刺激是胃肠道粘膜生长的重要因素.     

阿米巴性结肠炎3例临床病理分析并文献复习

目的探讨阿米巴性结肠炎的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析3例阿米巴性结肠炎的临床表现、内镜和组织学特征,并复习文献讨论阿米巴性结肠炎的诊断和鉴别诊断。结果 3例患者均为男性,年龄27~35岁,临床表现以急性感染症状腹痛、腹泻为主。纤维结肠镜下表现为肠黏膜的阶段性糜烂和溃疡,但病变部位不同。例1位于近阑尾孔处和直肠;例2位于横结肠及直肠;例3位于回肠末端和直肠远端近肛门口。镜下3例病变相似,在炎性坏死的肠黏膜面可见成片分布的大滋养体,滋养体内可见核仁,胞质内见吞噬红细胞现象。结论阿米巴性结肠炎是一种独特的感染性肠病,纤维结肠镜下无明显特异性表现,需与其他肠炎,尤其是慢性炎症性肠病相鉴别,病理学检查查见阿米巴滋养体是确定诊断的主要依据。     

贾第虫研究──Ⅰ．西蒙氏贾第虫（Giardia simoni）滋养体和包囊对实验动物的感染

作者从自然感染西蒙氏贾第虫（Ｇｉａｒｄｉａｓｉｍｏｎｉ）的金黄地鼠肠道内和粪便中分离、收集滋养体和包囊，分别经口感染大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠和兔子。结果表明兔子和脉鼠均不感染，大鼠、小鼠均不同程度地感染该虫，且４周龄大鼠比８周龄大鼠更易感（Ｐ＜０．０５），而在小鼠中成年鼠与老年鼠对西蒙氏贾第虫的敏感性没有差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。滋养体在感染动物的肠道内主要分布于十二指肠前段，中前段和中段。同时观察到结肠和直肠内有包囊，这表明该虫在大鼠、小鼠体内完成了其生活史。作者还对感染前后的滋养体作了蛋白银和铁苏木精染色比较，二者在形态上完全相同。     

感染高原属兔的皮蝇蛆Ⅲ期幼虫的电镜形态学比较研究

为了观察感染高原鼠兔与感染牦牛、藏羚羊的皮蝇蛆Ⅲ期幼虫之间形态学上的区别,在青海省玉树县和称多县收集感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆与本研究室以往收集保存的感染牦牛、藏羚羊皮蝇蛆进行比较研究。取出蝇蛆晾干酒精,用戊二醛液固定,切下幼虫的头部和尾部用锇酸溶液固定,不同浓度的酒精脱水、临界点干燥、表面喷金后,扫描电镜观察。感染鼠兔的皮蝇蛆伪头部口裂背侧没有明显的肉质突起,腹面棘成连续的1簇,伪头突起与口裂之间有许多细密的小棘,气门板稍凸起,圆形,上面无棘;第10节腹面前缘棘大,圆形,后缘棘小,散在。与感染牦牛的牛皮蝇蛆、纹皮蝇蛆、中华皮蝇蛆及感染藏羚羊的皮蝇蛆在形态上有明显的区别。     

光动力疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的实验性研究

目的 初步研究光动力疗法（PDT）对实验性变应性鼻炎（AR）的治疗作用.方法 随机将18只新西兰兔均分为实验组A、阴性对照组B、空白对照组C共3组,采用卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏A、B2组兔制作动物AR模型,A组予以PDT治疗,B、C2组予以自然光处理,观察治疗前后症状及体征的变化,在光镜和透射电镜下观察鼻黏膜的变化.结果 与B组相比,A组兔经PDT治疗后,与AR相关症状和体征明显改善,光镜及透射电镜观察显示,炎性细胞明显减少,黏膜结构逐渐恢复,21 d后,A组与C组相比喷嚏次数、抓鼻次数及鼻分泌量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,光镜及透射电镜下观察黏膜结构表现基本相似.结论 PDT对实验性AR有一定的治疗作用,为PDT用于AR定点治疗的临床应用提供了实验基础.     

2型糖尿病患者支气管黏膜超微结构的病理变化

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者支气管黏膜组织超微结构的病理变化。方法对2型糖尿病合并肺部肿瘤或结核患者,行支气管镜检查时于不同肺段支气管取非病灶支气管黏膜及黏膜下组织,行超微病理检查。结果支气管黏膜下微血管基板弥漫性增厚,多呈洋葱皮样、卷云状改变,基板周围有蛋白质沉着;毛细血管周围可见不规则高电子密度物质沉着,血管管腔狭窄甚至闭锁;内皮细胞及周细胞有暗细胞变,粗面内质网池扩张,大吞噬体（囊泡）形成。结论支气管黏膜及其周围组织均显示特征性糖尿病性病理改变,支气管亦为糖尿病“攻击”的靶器官。     

中国鲎素和正丁酸钠对人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞形态与超微结构的影响

目的以正丁酸钠为平行对照,比较观察鲎素和癌细胞诱导分化物对人胃癌细胞形态与超微结构变化的影响.方法采用光镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜,观察经2.0 mg/L鲎素、2.0 mmol/L正丁酸钠和1.0 mg/L鲎素＋1.0 mmoL/L正丁酸钠组合处理的人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞.结果光镜观察显示,鲎素和正丁酸钠以及鲎素＋正丁酸钠处理的BGC-823细胞形态均较为一致,细胞体积增大、趋于扁平铺展状态,细胞核质比例减小,细胞核形状较圆整,核仁数量减少.扫描与透射电镜观察可见经鲎素、正丁酸钠及其组合处理的BGC-823细胞均出现细胞表面微绒毛稀少,细胞边缘丝状伪足减少,片状伪足增多;细胞核形态较规则,核内异染色质减少,常染色质增多：细胞质内线粒体增多,结构较为一致,高尔基复合体呈较为典型发达状态,并出现粗面内质网增多和多聚核糖体减少等变化.结论鲎素具有与正丁酸钠等诱导分化物相似的改变人胃癌细胞形态与超微结构恶性表型特征的作用,和与诱导分化物协同加成的诱导分化效果.     

试论电子显微镜的迁移技术与过程管理

目的：探讨透射式电子显微镜的迁移方案、具体实施方法及过程管理技术。方法：通过技术文件的制定与执行来约束和规范搬迁前的准备、仪器拆卸与搬迁的实施、仪器组装与调试等各阶段的迁移工作,结合各种技术手段,精确协调,有效地保证了仪器迁移的顺利进行和性能的完好。结果：应用本文方案成功地实施了多台套透射电子显微镜的迁移工作,节省了大量的费用和时间。结论：本方案对于各医学院校和医疗科研机构的类似设备,具有重要的参考价值。     

Response regulator important in pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2

In this study, we describe the first response regulator of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, designated RevS. RevS was cloned and the sequence was determined. No histidine kinase was found in the vicinity ofrevS, therefore RevS was considered to be an orphan response regulator. An isogenic knock-out mutant of RevS was shown to be attenuated in colonising the S. suis specific organs in a competitive assay in four piglets, indicating thatrevS plays a role in the pathogenesis of S. suis infections. We analysed the protein expression profiles of various fractions of the wild-type strain 10 and the mutant strain 10DeltaRevS. The expression of known virulence factors ofS. suis by wild-type and the mutant strain, was not different. However, one protein in the protoplast fraction, with unknown identity was shown to be repressed by revS in the exponential growth phase of the mutant.     

猪链球菌2型98HAH33基因0267的功能研究

目的对猪链球菌2型菌株98HAH33基因0267进行功能研究。方法比较猪链球菌2型野生株98HAH33、突变株Δ0267及回复株CΔ0267在不同生长时期的生长速率,细菌黏附、全血杀伤及巨噬细胞吞噬试验比较对宿主的黏附和抗吞噬能力,仔猪试验比较在毒力方面的差异。结果野生株、突变株及回复株生长速率一致;野生株对宿主细胞A549、Hep2、HBMEC的黏附率分别是突变株的2.59、4.87和3.08倍,回复株对宿主细胞A549、Hep2、HBMEC的黏附率分别是突变株的2.65、4.65和2.86倍;野生株、突变株和回复株1~3 h在全血中的存活率分别是36.91%、28.12%和41.61%,58.44%、44.06%和58.26%,93.02%、70.08%和95.85%;小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7吞噬试验结果显示RAW264.7吞噬野生株、突变株及回复株的菌量分别为2767、5322、2567;仔猪竞争感染试验证明基因0267与猪链球菌2型98HAH33的毒力相关。结论猪链球菌2型98HAH33基因0267与细菌黏附和抗吞噬相关,是一个新毒力因子。     

Ultrastructure of the attachment of Cryptosporidium sporozoites to tissue culture cells

The attachment of Cryptosporidium sporozoites to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was examined using transmission electron microscopy. As the anterior end of the sporozoite came into close proximity to the MDCK cell, the host cell membrane evaginated around the sporozoite, forming a parasitophorous vacuole. A dense band formed below the host cell membrane at the site nearest to the conoid. Variably electron-dense material was apparently released from the conoid and a large membrane-bound vacuole was formed in the anterior end of the sporozoite, displacing the typical anterior electron-dense organelles (rhoptries and micronemes). The outer membrane of the sporozoite pellicle then fused with the host cell membrane immediately adjacent to the conoid. The membrane surrounding the anterior vacuole was also fused with the common host-parasite membrane, forming Y-shaped membrane junctions where each limb was a unit membrane. A direct link was thereby established between the anterior vacuole of the sporozoite and the host cell cytoplasm. The anterior vacuole membrane separating the sporozoite and the host cell cytoplasm was the precursor of the feeder organelle.     

大鼠颈动脉显微和超微结构的增龄变化

目的:观察不同年龄组大鼠颈动脉显微及其超微结构,探讨大鼠颈动脉内皮细胞在动脉老化发生发展过程中的变化特点.方法:30只大鼠按其月龄分为青年组(2～3月龄)、成年组(10月龄)和老年组(28～30月龄),每组10只.大鼠颈动脉固定、切片后,每只大鼠随机选切片5张,每张切片随机取4个视野,分别在光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜下,观察并比较各组大鼠颈动脉结构特点.结果:青年组大鼠颈动脉厚薄较均匀,管腔内表面光滑,内膜、中膜和外膜分界清楚,内皮细胞胞浆丰富均匀,核膜完整,表面有微绒毛;成年组大鼠颈动脉厚薄欠均匀,部分内皮细胞增厚,内皮细胞完整,胞浆稀薄,细胞器减少;老年组大鼠颈动脉厚薄不均一性,管腔内表面欠光滑,内膜可见明显隆起增厚,内皮层脱落、肿胀、增生或缺失,内皮细胞胞浆稀薄,细胞浆较少,微绒毛消失.结论:与青年组、成年组大鼠相比,老年组大鼠颈动脉内膜结构破坏严重,各层结构欠清晰,内皮细胞表面微绒毛消失,出现脱落衰老凋亡现象,并有红细胞等附着.     

Histopathology of the airway epithelium in an experimental dual-phase model of bronchial asthma

BACKGROUND: Lesions of trachea cuticles are a pathological histological characteristic of bronchial asthma. Furthermore, collected tracheal cuticles desquamated from the respiratory tract are found in patients' sputum when asthma attacks occur or after the induction of allergen inhalation. From these facts, it is assumed that desquamation of trachea cuticle cells is a pathological symptom of bronchial asthma. However, there has not been any chronological report of desquamation of trachea cuticles through the process of bronchial asthma attacks. OBJECTIVE: For this report, we made an experimental bronchial asthma model using guinea pigs, and conducted chronological examinations of trachea cuticle lesions related to pathological symptoms of bronchial asthma using a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. METHODS: The experimental asthma models were made by injection of ovalbumin into the abdominal cavity of guinea pigs. Then the airway responses to inhaled aerosolized ovalbumin were induced. The trachea were enucleated and examined under an optical microscope, a transmission electron microscope (hereafter abbreviated as TEM), and a scanning electron microscope (hereafter abbreviated as SEM) after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h and 7 days after the immediate airway responses. RESULTS: Intercellular oedema of ciliated epithelium was observed in the sensitization groups immediately after the immediate airway response. SEM observation revealed increased mucus secretion and shortening of cilium. A slight case of desquamation or deciduation of ciliated epithelium was also beginning to appear. TEM observation revealed a dilation of ciliated epithelium intervals. Infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes was already detectable beneath the ciliated epithelium. The degree of ciliated epithelium desquamation and infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes progressed with time. When the late airway response occurred 4 hours later, eosinophilic leucocytes had increased drastically, and ciliate epithelium had desquamated to the extent that basal cells were exposed. Seven days after the immediate airway response, epithelium intercellular oedema had improved, and cilium had been reproduced. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that desquamation of epithelium caused by trachea cuticle lesions appears at an early stage of an asthma attack, owing to the contraction of the trachea, and that the damage is intensified by the infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes.