Birth trauma among live born term neonates at a referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence, risk factors and outcomes of mechanical birth injuries among live term neonates. METHODS: A two-year retrospective case control study (September 2000-August 2002) was conducted in a referral hospital in Addis Ababa. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty cases and 358 controls were studied. Subgaleal hemorrhage was the commonest birth injury (61%). Primiparity, vacuum delivery, forceps delivery and birth weight > 3.5 kilograms were found to be strongly associated with birth trauma. Infants with subgaleal hemorrhage were more likely to be complicated than infants with other mechanical birth injuries. CONCLUSION: Indications and benefits of instrumntal delivery should be revised in our circumstances and prim gravid mothers should be evaluated carefully during ANC follow-up.     

完全避孕手册

假如不采取任何避孕措施，在他和她的漫长一生中，精子会有千万次的机会与卵子约会，然后孕育出一个新的生命。但在这千万次中，或许仅仅只有几次是为了做母亲而满心期待的，更多的时候，双方的结合不仅不能带来身体的愉悦，反而令她承受精神上的忧虑、恐惧，及至肉体上的痛苦。     

多发伤合并重型胸外伤的救治分析

目的：探讨交通事故致多发伤合并重型胸外伤患者的院前救治效果。方法：选择本院2005年2月～2011年2月院前出诊现场救治由于交通事故引发的多发伤患者48例。结果：本组48例患者中,现场紧急救治后有47例成功转运回院,现场死亡1例,转运途中出现病情变化,到达急诊室后抢救无效死亡3例,总抢救成功率为91.67%。结论：加强院前急救人员处置能力,根据现场多发伤患者创伤类型进行及时有效的院前紧急救治是提高多发伤救治成功率,降低死亡率的关键。     

Child Birth Education for Adolescents: Removing the Barriers That Prevent Attendance at Child Birth Classes

Abstract

Nearly half the families in a rural county in Southwestern Pennsylvania have annual incomes less than $35,000. Poverty, a predictor of adolescent sexual activity American Academy of Pediatrics. Adolescent pregnancy-current trends and issues: 1998. Pediatrics 1999; 103(2):516; Retrieved 06 15, 2002 Health Reference Center—Academic Web Site at http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/1/1/1/purl=rc6_HRCA), may contribute to the adolescent pregnancy rate in this county. Twelve percent of clientele from a low-income pre/postnatal clinic in this county are adolescent mothers. Many low-income adolescents refrain from attending childbirth classes because there are no perceived benefits from these classes. The Health Belief Model is used to assess the extraneous and intrinsic variables that prevent this clientele from attending childbirth class and proposes an intervention plan addressing these variables.     

Birth order effects in second-generation alcoholics

The effects of birth-order position (first-, middle- and last-born) in intact families with three children on the psychopathology scores of second-generation alcoholics were examined by administering the MMPI to 90 alcoholic sons of alcoholic parents. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) applied to the individual MMPI scale scores revealed a consistent pattern of results: first borns evidenced significantly less exaggerated psychopathology scores than both groups of later borns. Most of the extreme scale scores obtained within this population of alcoholics were obtained from the later borns. Implications for previous generalizations about the alcoholic children of alcoholic parents are discussed.     

265例出生缺陷儿的临床分析

目的分析我院住院分娩围生儿的出生缺陷发生情况、变化趋势,为进一步预防出生缺陷的发生提供依据。方法对2006至2011年在怀柔区第一医院住院分娩的围生儿出生缺陷监测资料进行分析。结果 6年共监测围生儿12742例,发现缺陷儿265例,平均出生缺陷发生率为207.97/万,前5位分别是多指(趾)及并指(趾)36例,副耳34例,先天性心脏病33例,唇裂合并腭裂23例,色素痣13例。结论减少出生缺陷的工作重点在预防,应加强优生知识的宣传,提高产前检查质量及产前诊断技术,做好三级预防工作,以期降低围生儿出生缺陷的出生率,提高出生人口素质。     

“达菲”的前世今生

编者按 肆虐全球的甲流让"达菲"成为2009年无可争议的重磅药物焦点."达菲的前世今生"讲述了一个好莱坞式的抗病毒药物创制上市的精彩故事.本文作者首先在丁香园博客连载此文,获得5万多点击、数百跟帖和大量转载.征得作者同意,将其博文略有删减后刊出,愿与读者美文共赏.     

Oxandrolone in trauma patients

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients were assessed daily for metabolic and infectious complications. The two groups were similar for demographics and dosage of enteral nutrition. Measurement of total urinary nitrogen at study entry showed both groups to be highly catabolic (oxandrolone 17.2 +/- 4.9, placebo 19.1 +/- 10.8 g/day, NS). On days 7 and 10, total urinary nitrogen increased in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between groups. Nitrogen balance was negative throughout the study in each group. Body cell mass decreased slightly in both groups over the study period. Prealbumin serum concentrations increased significantly in both groups at day 10 and study exit compared with study entry. The groups did not differ significantly for length of hospital stay (oxandrolone 30.8 +/- 17.9, placebo 27.0 +/- 25.7 days), length of intensive care unit stay (oxandrolone 17.1 +/- 7.8, placebo 15.5 +/- 9.7 days), and frequency of pneumonia or sepsis (oxandrolone 48, placebo 43 episodes). CONCLUSION: Oxandrolone 20 mg/day does not have obvious benefit in nutritional and clinical outcomes during the first month after multiple trauma.