去卵巢大鼠椎骨组织形态计量学、生物力学特点及相关性研究

采用骨组织形态计量学、骨生物力学和骨矿含量测定等方法研究 10 .5月龄至 16月龄 SD大鼠和双侧卵巢去除术后椎骨的骨质量变化以及它们之间的相关关系。雌性 SD大鼠随机分为 6组 :(1) 10 .5月龄基础组 ;(2 )13月龄假手术组 (sham - 1) ;(3) 13月龄去卵巢组 (OVX- 2 ) ;(4) 16月龄假手术组 (sham - 2 ) ;(5 ) 16月龄去卵巢组(OVX- 2 )和 (6 )雌激素治疗组 :去卵巢 10周后给予雌激素治疗 12周 (OVX- 2 +EE)。所有大鼠在处死前 14、13d和4、3d分别皮下注射四环素和钙黄绿素作体内荧光标记。实验终止时取大鼠第 4腰椎行骨组织形态计量学测量 ,第5腰椎体作试件压缩试验 ,试验后的椎体进行骨矿物元素测定。结果发现 10 .5月龄至 16月龄大鼠椎体骨干重、冠状径、骨小梁面积骨小梁厚度有增加趋势 ,骨的破坏荷载 ,破坏应力和弹性模量也有增加趋势 ,以 13月龄为高峰值。去卵巢 10周后 ,上述指标明显下降 ,2 2周后 ,下降更明显。雌激素治疗后上述指标明显改善。相关研究表明 ,骨小梁面积与骨的破坏应力呈正相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而骨的破坏应力又与骨矿 (主要成分 Ca)含量呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。去卵巢后 ,骨小梁面积的下降比骨破坏应力的下降更明显 ,出现的时间更早。本研究表明 ,骨组织形态计量学检测和骨生物力学检     

雌孕激素联合对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨形态计量学的影响

背景:雌孕激素联合治疗绝经后骨质疏松症不仅能减轻雌激素的不良反应,而且能增强疗效,越来越引起关注。目的:验证雌孕激素联合对去卵巢雌性SD大鼠骨密度和骨组织形态计量学的作用。方法:雌性SD大鼠随机分为5组。假手术组仅行开关术;其余各组大鼠双侧卵巢切除。雌二醇组和雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组术后给予17β-雌二醇10μg/(kg?d)灌饲,左炔诺孕酮组和雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组术后给予18-甲左炔诺孕酮60μg/(kg?d)灌饲,假手术组和卵巢切除组予等量生理盐水灌饲。实验12周后处死大鼠。采用DEXA骨密度仪测定全身骨密度,截取第4腰椎进行骨形态计量学静态参数和动态参数的测量,测定骨代谢生化指标。结果与结论:卵巢切除组和左炔诺孕酮组全身骨密度、股骨质量低于假手术组、雌二醇组和雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组(P0.05),雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组和雌二醇组差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。与假手术组比较,卵巢切除组和左炔诺孕酮组骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量下降(P0.05),骨小梁分离度增加(P0.05),骨矿化沉积率、骨表面积骨形成率、骨体积骨形成率和骨组织体积骨形成率增加(P0.05)。与卵巢切除组相比,雌二醇组和雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量上升(P0.05),骨小梁分离度降低(P0.05),骨表面积骨形成率和骨体积骨形成率降低(P0.05)。雌二醇+左炔诺孕酮组和雌二醇组上述指标比较,均差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结果证实,17β-雌二醇和左炔诺孕酮联合应用可增加骨密度,降低骨转换率,且无明显抑制骨形成作用。     

松质骨骨小梁的微观构筑对骨质力学强度影响的实验研究

目的　观察骨质疏松和非骨质疏松状态的松质骨的三维微观结构对其骨强度的影响。方法　16只雌性成年绵羊随机分为去势(OVX)组（8只）和假手术(Sham)组（8只）。OVX组行双侧卵巢切除术，假手术组仅显露双侧卵巢，术前测定腰椎竹密度(BMD)。术后12个月处死动物，测定腰椎的BMD，用环钻钻取椎体松质骨，并行MicroCT分析及生物力学测试。结果　去势12个月后，OVX组的BMD较Sham组显著降低。松质骨的骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)较Sham组显著降低，表面积体积比(BS/BV)和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)较对照显著增高。生物力学测试表明，去势12个月后，OVX组松质骨的力学强度显著下降。骨小梁的力学强度与骨小梁厚度(r=0.945，R^2=0.886)、骨体积分数(r=0.783，R^2=0.586)及面积体积比(r=0.643，R^2=0.372)呈线性相关。结论　骨小梁的三维微观结构改变可以影响松质骨的力学强度，两者之间具有一定的线性关系。     

去势大鼠骨形态计量学、生物性能变化

目的 通过观察大鼠血清学、骨形态计量学测定、骨生物性能等方法研究去卵巢大鼠骨变化.方法 采用7-12月龄SD雌性大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组和尼尔雌醇组.模型组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠切除双侧卵巢进行造模.尼尔雌醇组大鼠造模后45天开始灌服尼尔雌醇,连续90天;对照组和模型组大鼠手术后第45天开始灌服去离子水,连续90天.所有大鼠给药第80、87天时两次ip四环素20mg/kg进行骨荧光标记.实验结束时,取出大鼠股骨及第四腰椎骨进行股骨形态计量学测定、股骨骨密度测量、股骨三点弯曲实验及椎骨压缩实验,同时测定血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)水平.结果 大鼠去双侧卵巢后,股骨骨密度、骨最大载荷、最大应力、弹性模量、刚度水平和骨小梁体积显著性提高;椎体压缩性能、股骨形态计量学、股骨弯曲性能有明显改变;而雌激素对以上变化有不同程度改善作用.结论 骨组织形态、骨生物性能是评价骨质疏松模型或药物疗效的重要指标;发生骨质疏松时,骨组织形态学变化先于骨生物性能变化.     

仙珍骨宝胶囊对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈骨代谢的影响

背景：用骨组织形态计量学方法探讨中药对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈骨质疏松的影响,可为采用中药防治绝经后妇女骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折提供实验依据。 目的：观察仙珍骨宝胶囊对去卵巢大鼠股骨颈松质骨的影响。 方法：3月龄SD雌鼠随机分为4组：基础对照组于实验开始时处死取材,去卵巢组和仙珍骨宝组去卵巢造模,仙珍骨宝组在去卵巢后灌胃仙珍骨宝,去卵巢组和年龄对照组灌胃生理盐水,90 d后处死,取股骨颈经不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学参数测量。 结果与结论：与年龄对照组比较,去卵巢大鼠静态参数的骨小梁面积百分数和骨小梁数量明显减少(P < 0.01),骨小梁间隙明显增大(P < 0.01);动态参数的每毫米破骨细胞数和破骨细胞贴壁表面长度明显增加(P < 0.01),骨矿化沉积率明显减少(P < 0.01)。说明去卵巢能导致大鼠股骨颈骨量显著减少。给予仙珍骨宝治疗后,大鼠的骨小梁厚度及骨小梁面积明显增加(P < 0.05),每毫米破骨细胞数和破骨细胞贴壁表面长度有所减少,标记周长百分数则有所增加。说明仙珍骨宝能阻止去卵巢所致的大鼠股骨颈骨量丢失。     

Micro CT定量研究去卵巢山羊胫骨平台松质骨微结构特点

背景：骨质疏松时胫骨平台松质骨微结构发生显著变化,Micro CT是一种能够全面、立体、无创测量骨微结构、评估骨质量及预测骨强度的新兴技术,近年来在骨质疏松研究领域得到日益广泛的应用。 目的：应用Micro CT技术定量研究去卵巢山羊胫骨平台松质骨的微结构特点。 方法：将12只2.5岁健康雌性山羊随机分为去卵巢组和假手术组,去卵巢组行卵巢切除,假手术组切除等量腹腔脂肪组织,每组各6只。两组实验动物分别在术后2,4年处死,分离并截取左侧胫骨平台,行Micro CT扫描,分别测量胫骨平台骨骺松质骨和干骺端松质骨微结构参数。 结果与结论：术后2和4年,与假手术组相比,去卵巢组胫骨平台骨骺和干骺松质骨微观结构参数-骨体积分数、骨小梁数量和骨小梁厚度均降低(P < 0.05),骨小梁分离度均升高(P < 0.05),基本呈时间依赖性变化。仅在术后4年,去卵巢组骨骺松质骨微观结构参数骨小梁厚度与假手术组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),其骨小梁分离度、骨小梁厚度与去卵巢组术后2年相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。无论术后2或4年,与假手术组相比,去卵巢组干骺端松质骨微结构参数的改变均比骨骺松质骨明显。结果证实,山羊胫骨平台骨骺松质骨微结构参数与干骺端松质骨具有一定的差异;骨质疏松时山羊胫骨平台松质骨微结构改变呈现出区域性特点,干骺端松质骨较骨骺松质骨微结构退变更为显著。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

骨化醇治疗脊髓损伤后骨质疏松的髂骨形态计量学参数研究

目的 通过髂骨形态计量学参数变化的检测,探讨骨化醇对脊髓损伤后骨质疏松的治疗效果及机理.方法 选择脊髓损伤截瘫患者45例,随机分为2组,1组15例为服用药物实验组;2组30例为未服用药物对照组.取髂骨标本,测伤后、伤后1月、伤后6月不同时期髂骨形态计量学参数变化.结果 实验组髂骨骨结构参数中骨小梁密度(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、结点末端比(NTR)在服用药物后1月均轻微高于对照组(P＜0.05),而骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)则轻微低于对照组(P＜0.05),服药后6月均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),而骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)则明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).实验组髂骨骨转换参数中平均类骨质宽度(Os.Th)、类骨质体积(OV/BV)、平均骨壁厚度(W.Th)均较对照组高,用药1月后指数稍高,用药6月后指数显著增高.其中,两组间相比较平均骨壁厚度(W.Th)差异显著(P＜0.05);骨吸收表面(ES/BS)低于对照组.结论 骨化醇能够降低骨的吸收,,抑制高转换率,阻止骨吸收与骨形成的严重失衡,有效治疗脊髓损伤引起骨质疏松.     

SD大鼠绝经后骨质疏松疾病动物模型的构建

目的构建绝经后骨质疏松疾病动物模型,探讨该疾病的发病机制与防治措施。方法将3个月龄健康雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分为2组,分别为去卵巢组和假手术组。去卵巢组切除大鼠双侧卵巢,手术后3个月通过检测体重、阴道涂片、血钙、子宫湿重、骨组织病理学、骨组织形态计量参数等对模型进行评价。结果手术后3个月,去卵巢组大鼠体重较假手术组明显增加(P0.05),子宫湿重、血钙含量较假手术组量明显下降(P0.05),阴道涂片显示去卵巢组大鼠均无发情表现,骨组织病理学观察显示去卵巢大鼠胫骨骨小梁断裂,小梁间距变宽,结构紊乱,骨形态计量学数据显示去卵巢大鼠胫骨、股骨干骺端骨小梁面积百分率、骨小梁平均厚度均较假手术组减少(P0.05)。结论 3个月龄SD大鼠去卵巢后3个月可成功复制出绝经后骨质疏松模型。     

短程与长程去卵巢大鼠骨计量学的实验研究

目的:探讨3月龄SD大鼠去卵巢短程和长程骨量的变化,以指导临床用药。方法:30只3月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为基础对照组、年龄对照(30天和90天)组、去卵巢(30天和90天)组,切除双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松症模型,实验结束,取胫骨近端行不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果:实验30天去卵巢大鼠与年龄对照,骨形成的参数值(荧光标记周长百分率、骨矿化沉积率、骨形成率)和骨吸收的参数值(破骨细胞数目)都明显增加。但骨吸收大于骨形成,造成骨量丢失(骨小梁面积百分率明显减少),骨结构变差(骨小梁数目减少,分离度增加),90天去卵巢大鼠组与对照组比较,荧光标记周长百分率减少,骨矿化沉积率增加,破骨细胞数目显著增加,骨吸收增强,骨质丢失,出现骨质疏松。结论:30天去卵巢大鼠呈骨高转化,但90天去卵巢大鼠表现为骨形成参数有下降趋势,同时骨吸收增加,骨量丢失,造成骨质疏松。     

骨灵片对去势大鼠骨小梁三维结构／骨强度的干预研究

目的通过观察补肾中药骨灵片对骨质疏松大鼠腰椎松质骨二维平面和三维结构的改变以及对骨强度的影响．进一步探讨骨灵片抗骨质疏松的作用机制。方法选取3月龄SD雌性大鼠18只，随机分为假手术组。去卵巢组。骨灵片低、中、高3个剂量组（根据人鼠剂量换算标准），以雌激素为对照组。通过硬组织切片观测二维形态计量学．在其基础上利用连续切片摄像及图像数码处理技术重建腰椎骨小梁的空间结构，结合计算机3D-Doctor软件测量相关三维参数。结果去势后的模型组较之假手术组，骨小梁分离度明显升高，其余参数均显著下降（P〈0．01）；经骨灵片干预后的各组与去卵巢组比较可见，骨灵片各剂量组的骨小梁厚度显著增加．低剂量组对于骨小梁的面积百分数无明显增高，中、高剂量组在骨小梁数量、面积百分数、分离度上的改善较低剂量组显著。三维重建后的结果显示，高剂量组的骨小梁体积百分数和各剂量组的体元总数明显升高（P〈0．01）：骨灵片组与雌激素对照组相比，中剂量组在骨小梁厚度、体积百分数上的增加有显著差异（P〈0．05），高剂量组的体元总数显著升高（P〈0．01）；相关分析显示三维体元总数及骨小梁体积百分比与二维骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量呈显著正相关，与骨小梁分离度呈明显负相关。各组骨小梁体积百分数在三维重建前后无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论构建的三维模型结合相关参数测量的结果反映出模型组在骨小梁结构上存在典型的骨质疏松改变；经骨灵片干预后的大鼠。骨小梁的结构较之模型组有明显改善，尤其是中、高剂量组在骨结构的厚度、紧密性以及体积百分数上有显著升高。结合骨灵片对骨密度以及骨力学的改善，提示该药可以通过增强骨小梁实际结构的方式，     

降钙素治疗延缓卵巢切除大鼠腰椎间盘退变

目的:观察降钙素对卵巢切除大鼠腰椎骨量及椎间盘退变的影响。方法:SD大鼠分为基线对照组、假手术组、卵巢切除组及降钙素治疗组,进行腰椎节段骨密度和骨形态计量学分析,观察椎间盘的组织形态学改变。结果:卵巢切除组骨量较对照组和降钙素治疗组显著下降,骨转化指标明显提高。降钙素治疗组的腰椎间盘组织学评分较卵巢切除组显著下降。结论:卵巢切除大鼠椎间盘退变可能是骨量减少引起的脊柱力学改变所致,降钙素治疗可以预防骨量丢失并延缓其腰椎间盘退变。     

Expression characteristic and significance of interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa beta, and bone formation markers in rat models of osteoporosis

The goal of this study was to investigate the expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappabeta), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and bone osteocalcin (BGP) in rats with osteoporosis and their significance in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In all, 60 adult female SD rats were divided randomly into 3 groups of 20 rats each: normal control group (control), sham-operated group (sham), and ovariectomized group (OVX). In 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after surgery, 4 rats were randomized from each group for assays of BMD, IL-6, BALP, and BGP. Then, the rats were sacrificed for the detection of IL-6 and NF-kappabeta expression levels in bone tissue by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. Compared with the sham (0.097 +/- 0.04 g/cm2, 0.097 +/- 0.01 g/cm2, 0.095 +/- 0.07 g/cm2) and control group (0.107 +/- 0.01 g/cm2, 0.103 +/- 0.07 g/cm2, 0.108 +/- 0.06 g/cm2), the BMD of rats in the OVX group was reduced remarkably in 4, 5, and 6 months (0.082 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, 0.073 +/- 0.02 g/cm2, 0.061 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, respectively; P < 0.01); the serum IL-6 level increased significantly from 2 to 6 months after surgery (P < 0.01); and the serum levels of BALP and BGP were greater at 4, 5, and 6 months (P < 0.05). The quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that IL-6 and NF-kappabeta mRNA levels in OVX group increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the IL-6, NF-kappabeta, BALP, and BGP levels were correlated negatively with the BMD. Meanwhile, a positive correlation was observed between IL-6 and NF-kappabeta. In conclusion, the expression levels of IL-6, NF-kappabeta, and bone formation markers may increase significantly in the osteoporosis rats. These molecules could play a role in the pathogenesis.     

A comparison of estrogen and two different doses of calcitonin in ovariectomized rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment efficacies of salmon calcitonin (SC) and estrogen in a type-I osteoporotic rat model. Sixty, 3-month-old, female Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The first group was used as the control, and the second a sham, the other four were surgically ovariectomized. 24 hours after the ovariectomy, they were either left untreated (OVX), or treated with an injection of either 17-beta estradiol (E2) 30 mcg/kg/24 hours, low-dose calcitonin (LDC) 10 IU/ kg/48 hours or high-dose calcitonin (HDC) 20 IU/kg/48 hours. 6 weeks later, the bone densities were measured by DEXA, the animals sacrificed and the femurs harvested for histomorphometric evaluation. The bone mineral densities (BMD) of the spine and proximal femur were lower in the OVX group, but only the values of the spine BMD were statistically significant. The BMD of the spine seemed to be preserved with all the treatments. The histomorphometric evaluation revealed that after the OVX the decrease in the trabecular volume was prevented by all the treatments. However, significant changes in the indices of bone formation were not shown. In conclusion, all the treatments prevented bone lost in the ovariectomized rats. Histopathological measurements of bone formation are unlikely to provide any evidence for the effects of these agents on the osteoblastic function. In the animal model of estrogen depletion, our results suggest that the calcitonin provides an important alternative therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Comparative effects of milk and soymilk on bone loss in adult ovariectomized osteoporosis rat

The present study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of milk and soymilk on the bone morphology of ovariectomized rat model with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Fourty 12-week-old female Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: intact control (control), sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized and fed milk (milk), ovariectomized and fed soymilk (soymilk) groups. Rats of OVX, milk and soymilk groups were bilaterally ovariectomized. Milk or soymilk of 3 ml was administered by gavage via an intragastric tube per day for 6 weeks. The distal femoral metaphysis was studied morphologically, together with bone mineral density (BMD), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and estradiol levels. In the OVX group, the trabecular bone volume was significantly reduced. The percentage area of resorbing surface was high. In the soymilk group, the trabecular bone volume was 68% higher and the percentage area of resorbing surface was 18% lower as compared with the OVX group. The serum estradiol level rose 48% and the serum PTH level fell 26% in the soymilk group. In the milk group, the trabecular bone volume had the tendency to be high, but there was no significant change of the bone morphology. The present study provides certain evidence that the soymilk has beneficial effects in preventing bone loss in rats induced by ovarian hormone deficiency.     

Influence of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover and Trabecular Bone Mass in Mature Cynomolgus Monkeys

Purpose

To examine the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites in mature cynomolgus monkeys.

Materials and Methods

Six female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 17-21 years, were randomized into 2 groups by the stratified weight: the OVX and sham-operation groups (n = 3 in each group). The experimental period was 16 months. Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and serum and urinary bone turnover markers were longitudinally measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius at the end of the experiment.

Results

OVX induced in a reduction in lumbar BMD compared with the sham controls and the baseline, as a result of increased serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urinary levels of cross-lined N- and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Furthermore, OVX induced reductions in trabecular volumetric BMD and trabecular bone mass compared with the sham controls, with increased bone formation rate at the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius.

Conclusion

The results indicated that OVX in mature cynomolgus monkeys (17-21 years of age) increased bone turnover and induced trabecular bone loss at the three skeletal sites compared with the sham controls. Thus, mature cynomolgus monkeys could be utilized for preclinical studies to examine the effects of interventions on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites.     

Effects of hPTH (1-34) and Gosha-jinki-gan on the trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rat tibia

Although human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [hPTH (1-34)] was reported to improve osteoporotic bone loss, little is known about the anti-osteoporotic effect of the traditional Chinese medicine, Gosha-jinki-gan (GJG). The purpose of this present study was to clarify and compare the effects of hPTH (1-34) and GJG on trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rat tibia by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Thirty 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation. Four weeks later, the ovariectomized rats were further divided into OVX, OVX + PTH, and OVX + GJG groups. hPTH (1-34) was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 20 microg/kg, 3 times/week, and OVX + GJG group received 0.05% aqueous solution of GJG as the only drinking fluid for 8 weeks respectively. The three-dimensional (3D) trabecular microarchitecture of the bone in the proximal tibial metaphysis was evaluated by micro-CT. In the OVX + PTH group, trabecular bone volume (BV/ TV), number (Tb.N) and thickness (Tb.Th) were significantly increased, structure model index (SMI) and trabecular bone pattern factor (TBPf) decreased when compared with the OVX group. In comparison to the OVX group, BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly greater, while SMI and TBPf had no marked changes in the OVX + GJG group. These results suggest that the administration of hPTH (1-34) restore the trabecular bone volume and improve the microstuctural property as well, while GJG reduce the bone loss without affecting its microstructural property in ovariectomized rats.     

去卵巢大鼠骨密度变化与骨髓组织血管生成的关系

目的： 探讨去卵巢大鼠骨密度变化与骨髓组织血管生成的关系。方法：30只SD雌性大鼠随机分为去卵巢组（OVX）和假手术组（sham）,分别在4周、8周和12周处死。取左侧股骨测量骨密度(BMD)。右侧远端股骨干骺端松质骨甲醛固定,EDTA-Na2脱钙。常规脱水、石蜡包埋、切片。行苏木素－伊红染色用于观察骨髓组织病理改变,用CD34标记血管内皮细胞观察微血管密度(MVD),采取大鼠腹主动脉血进行血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)测定。结果： 大鼠去卵巢8周后BMD明显低于假手术组, 提示骨质疏松模型建立,此时,骨髓造血组织容量减少,脂肪组织容量增高,与假手术组比较均有显著差异（P<0.01）,骨髓组织MVD与假手术组比略有减少。12周后,上述改变更为明显。同时,骨小梁容量减少,骨髓组织MVD明显减少（P<0.05）,且显示MVD与BMD、造血组织容量和骨小梁容量呈正相关,与脂肪组织容量呈负相关。但血浆VEGF含量测定OVX组与sham组间无明显差异,与骨髓组织各形态指标亦无相关性。结论：去卵巢大鼠在骨量丢失和造血组织容量减少的同时伴有骨髓组织MVD减少, 为骨质疏松症采用促微血管增生治疗提供了实验依据。     

Curculigo orchioides, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE: Natural medicines derived from plants have aroused increasing interest in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This is due to their unique characteristics as these are more suitable for long-term use compared with synthesized chemicals and have apparently fewer adverse effects. Curculigo orchioides (CO) has a long history in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extracts of CO on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. METHODS: Sixty female (4.5-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham and OVX groups. The OVX rats were further divided into five subgroups treated respectively, with vehicle, nylestriol (1 mg/kg, i.g.) and CO extract (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, i.g.) for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) densitometry. Serum phosphorus, calcium, ACTH, corticosterone, deoxypyridinoline crosslinks to creatinine ratio (DPD/Cr), alkaline phosphate (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IL-6, and TNF-alpha were also determined. RESULTS: Administration of CO extract prevented bone loss in the trabecular bone of the tibia in ovariectomized rats without affecting the weight of the body and the uterus, and increased serum phosphorus, calcium, and OPG levels, decreased serum DPD/Cr, TRAP, ACTH, and corticosterone levels, but did not alter serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, and ALP levels in ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSION: CO ethanol extract has a definite protective effect on bone loss in ovariectomized rats by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing serum phosphorus and calcium levels, without affecting bone formation. Therefore, CO can be considered a potential antiosteoporosis herbal plant, although more studies are needed to clarify its real potential chemical constituents and their mechanism of action.