福建近年恙螨感染恙虫病东方体的检测研究

目的　检测恙螨幼虫体内恙虫病东方体, 分析福建恙虫病可能流行的趋势。方法　从福建山区及沿海地区捕鼠采集恙螨幼虫, 通过分类鉴定, 以每只鼠体的寄生螨作为一个被检单位, 用套式 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增恙虫病东方体 Ｓｔａ ５８ｋ Ｄａ 基因的８８ｂｐ 片段, 以确定恙螨幼虫是否携带本病原, 继而估计该地区是否存在恙虫病疫源地。结果　从１０５ 份被检单位的恙螨幼虫检出７ 份恙虫病东方体阳性标本, 主要宿主为黄毛鼠, 主要媒介为纤恙螨属的地里纤及小板纤恙螨, 与有关资料比较,证实本省恙虫病的宿主和媒介未发生明显变化。结论　福建沿海地区恙螨的恙虫病东方体的感染率高于山区, 疫源地有继续扩大的趋势。     

福建近年恙螨感恙虫病东方体的检测研究

目的 检测恙螨幼虫体内恙虫病东方体,分析福建恙虫病可能流行的趋势。方法 从福建山区及沿海地区捕鼠采集恙螨幼虫,通过分类鉴定,以每只 本的寄生螨作为一个被检单位,用套式ＰＣＲ扩增恙虫病东方体ｓｔａ ５８ｋＤａ基因的８８ｂｐ片段,以一恙螨幼虫是否携带同原,继而估计该地区是否存在恙虫病疫源地。结果 从１０５份被检单位的恙螨幼虫检发恙虫病东方体阳性标本,主要宿主为黄毛鼠,主要媒介为纤恙螨属的地里纤及及小板     

恙虫病的预防与控制

恙虫病主要流行于我国南方，主要动物宿主为啮齿类，媒介为恙螨。我国恙虫病按季节分布可分为两型：（1）夏季型，流行于南方；主要动物宿主为黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠；主要媒介为地里纤恙螨；流行于5-10月；恙虫病东方体型别为Gilliam。（2）秋冬型，流行于江苏、山东省；主要动物宿主为黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、大仓鼠；主要媒介为小盾纤恙螨；流行于10-12月；恙虫病东方体型别为Kawasaki。以环境治理、灭螨、灭鼠和做好个体防护作为防控方法。     

立克次氏体传染病——中国南海重要岛屿恙虫病疫源地特点调查

目的：研究比较南海重要岛屿（南澎列岛、南澳岛、万山群岛、硇洲岛、雷州半岛）恙虫病疫源地特点。方法：在各岛进行恙虫病疫源地流行病学调查、病原分离与基因型鉴定并制定预防措施。结果：南海诸岛屿均为恙虫病南亚热带岛屿疫源地，主要宿主为褐家鼠，恙虫病东方体携带率为22．78％-33．75％。     

山东省恙虫病流行状况分析

为给山东省恙虫病防治工作提供科学依据，对该省恙虫病的疫情，疫区，媒介，宿主，病原，季节分布及临床表现等进行了回顾性调查分析，结果表明山东省已报道的恙虫病病例呈逐年增多趋势，并时有暴发点出现且疫区不断扩大，迄今疫情已波及全省18个县（市）；山东省恙虫病为秋冬型，其临床表现各地有一定差异。恙虫病立克次体为Gilliam血清型，其寄生宿主主要为小盾纤恙螨，鉴于山东省恙虫病疫区不断扩大，建议对新发现的疫源地进行深入系统地调查，并恢复恙虫病的疫情报告制度，以便有针对性地采取预防措施。     

我国地里纤恙螨的研究进展

地里纤恙螨是我国恙虫病的主要媒介恙螨之一,主要分布在我国的长江以南地区。本文从地里纤恙螨的研究历史、生活史、季节性变化、地域分布与宿主动物的选择、与疾病的关系、预防与控制等几方面进行了综述。     

立克次氏体传染病

恙虫病的预防与控制（综述）——吴光华等（江苏南京军区军事医学研究所210002）；（《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》2007，34（4）：169—172[恙虫病主要流行于我国南方，主要动物宿主为啮齿类，媒介为恙螨。我国恙虫病按季节分布可分为两型：（1）夏季型，流行于南方；主要动物宿主为黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠；主要媒介为地里纤恙螨；流行于5—10月；     

恙虫病立克次体实验感染地里纤恙螨经卵传递的研究

地里纤恙螨成虫腹内人工接种恙虫病立克次体Karp株首次获得成功。在接种立克次体悬液量极微(0.1μl以下)的成虫感染率达41.2％;接种后的恙螨成虫4个月后其活存率为83.7％;成虫在第一年内能保持较好的生殖能力。经人工接种的恙虫病立克次体Karp株,能在恙螨体内增殖,并经卵传递至子代。     

免疫金银染色测定恙虫病立克次体在恙螨体内的分布

本文报告地里纤恙螨恙虫病立克次体Karp株人工接种的第二代雌虫,采用免疫金银染色技术测定虫体内立克次体的分布。发现恙虫病立克次体主要分布在恙螨的生殖系统,以卵巢周围和子宫组织较多,唾液腺和其它体腔组织未见。对照组雌虫呈阴性结果。     

厦门市恙虫病流行病学特征与防控策略

目的 总结和分析厦门市恙虫病流行特征和基因型,探讨防控策略。方法 收集厦门市1954-2016年人间恙虫病疫情资料,对2006-2016年人间恙虫病疫情进行流行病学调查,收集患者和宿主动物开展恙虫病基因型检测。结果 厦门市人间恙虫病疫情报告始于1954年,1954-2016年累计报告病例950例,其中1954-1988年发病率波动在0~6.75/10万,1989年后不再列为法定报告传染病,近10年发病呈上升趋势,2006-2016年累计报告690例。病例以思明区和湖里区为主,时间主要集中在夏季和秋季,男女性别比1.02∶1;年龄以20~65岁为主;职业以农民最多。宿主动物以褐家鼠为主,恙螨以地里纤恙螨为优势螨种,基因型以Karp为主。结论 厦门市存在恙虫病疫源地,应开展以鼠螨控制为重点的综合防控。     

Demonstration of the natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in Nan Peng Lie Islands in China

In recent years, the incidence of tsutsugamushi disease has increased in Nan Peng Lie Islands in China, and the disease has not been recorded in this region. The natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease were investigated in this paper. Isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi and the study of preventive measures were also performed. The region was the island natural foci of south subtropical zone. The main host and vector were Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium (L.) deliens respectively. The seasonal quantity trends of Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium (L.) deliense were consistent with the incidence of human infection in the region. The strains of O. tsutsugamushi were isolated from Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium (L.) deliense. The identification showed that most strains were Karp. The seroepidemiology showed a high prevalence of antibody against O. tsutsugamushi. After preventive measures were implemented, the incidence was descent. So Nan Peng Lie Islands were the natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease.     

广东省重要岛屿恙虫病东方体血清流行病学调查

目的在广东省5岛屿开展恙虫病东方体血清流行病学调查并进行血清分型,为制定恙虫病防治策略提供依据。方法1998年5月～2003年8月在广东省南澎列岛、南澳岛、万山群岛、硇洲岛和雷州半岛等岛屿采集驻岛官兵、居民及啮齿动物血清,采用免疫荧光法检测抗体并进行血清学分型。结果687份人血清中抗恙虫病抗体阳性95份,阳性率13.83%,其中岛屿居民抗体阳性率为26.91%,军人为3.63%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。检测508份鼠血清,抗恙虫病东方体抗体阳性率为57.87%,其中褐家鼠为有时鼠种。恙虫病东方体血清型以Karp株为主,占50.90%。结论广东省5岛屿均为恙虫病疫源地,恙虫病东方体血清型以Karp株为主。     

珠海市恙虫病东方体基因型研究

目的 对广东省珠海市恙虫病东方体进行基因分型。方法 予高热期恙虫病患者静脉采血后,立刻床旁小白鼠腹腔接种,待发病后解剖,取其腹壁刮液涂片、吉姆萨染色镜检;以巢式PCR进行恙虫病东方体DNA检测和序列分析,将结果进行同源性分析。结果 床旁小白鼠腹腔接种,腹壁刮液涂片镜检可见紫红色圆形、椭圆形、短杆状恙虫病东方体菌体。10例恙虫病患者进行特异性的巢式PCR扩增,其中6例扩增出目的基因片段,阳性率为60%。将扩得珠海恙虫病东方体基因片段的DNA序列与基因库序列进行比对,发现其与韩国株Yonchon株同源性最高,大于95%,系统进化树显示其与Karp株在同一分支。结论 珠海市为恙虫病的自然疫源地,该地区恙虫病东方体的基因型与Yonchon株最相近。     

Analysis of prevalent Orientia tsutsugamushi in Aichi Prefecture

Orientia tsutsugamushi was isolated from one of 8 patients' sera in Aichi Prefecture, and was identified to have the same antigenicity with the KN-2 strain (KN-2 like) based on the reactivity with 13 types of strain-specific or cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to Karp, Gilliam, and Kato strains. Four isolates from 4 unfed larvae and adult of Leptotrombidium pallidum were also classified as the KN-3 like strains. Using indirect immunofluorescence, sera from 20 patients with tsutsugamushi disease were tested for reactivity with KN-1, KN-2, KN-3, and GJ-1 strains, isolated from patients in Gifu Prefecture. Fifteen sera showed the highest titer against KN-2 strain in Immunogloburin M (IgM). Of the other 5, three were higher for KN-3 strain in IgM, and two were KN-1 or GJ-1, respectively. These results suggested that KN-2 like strains were prevalent in the region where the number of patients has been ranked the highest in Aichi Prefecture. KN-1, KN-3, and GJ-1 like strains were also existed in this area. KN-3 like strain was likely to be distributed in another area. Aichi Prefecture.     

江西省啮齿动物携带立克次体分子流行病学研究

目的 调查江西省部分县区啮齿动物携带的立克次体。方法 在江西省南丰县、铜鼓县、上犹县、浮梁县、上高县、上饶市广信区捕获啮齿动物,运用形态学结合分子生物学方法鉴定其种类。采用巢式PCR方法检测捕获的啮齿动物的脾脏组织样本中的柯克斯体属、斑点热群、东方体属和无形体属立克次体。结果 捕获啮齿动物6种共393只,包括黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、社鼠和臭鼩鼱,黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种(311/393)。从19只黑线姬鼠检出柯克斯体(6.11%),从2只黑线姬鼠检出东方体(0.64%),从1只黑线姬鼠检出斑点热群立克次体(0.32%)。对扩增阳性基因片段测序和对获得基因序列做同源性比对,结果浮梁县黑线姬鼠检出新塔拉萨维奇立克次体、恙虫病东方体、贝氏柯克斯体;铜鼓县和上饶市广信区黑线姬鼠检出贝氏柯克斯体;南丰县黑线姬鼠检出恙虫病东方体。除黑线姬鼠外,其它5种啮齿动物均未检出立克次体。结论 江西省部分地区的黑线姬鼠携带贝氏柯克斯体、新塔拉萨维奇立克次体、恙虫病东方体等立克次体病原体,人群存在相关立克次体感染的风险,疾控和医疗机构应加强立克次体病的监测。     

Development and persistence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi in the roof rat, Rattus rattus and laboratory mice following attachment of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense

The development and persistence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Rattus rattus and laboratory mice following infection from the bite of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense is reported. Antibodies in R. rattus were first detected using an indirect immunoperoxidase method 2 weeks after attachment of an infected mite. The IgM antibody response was mild, and was detected 2, 4 and 6 weeks after infection, while the IgG response was stronger and was detected from 2 to 19 weeks after infection, when the tests ceased. Active rickettsiae were isolated from R. rattus 1-8 weeks after attachment of infected L. deliense, but rats were not adversely affected by infection and appeared to behave in the same way as uninfected rats. In contrast to rats, laboratory mice were killed by O. tsutsugamushi following infection by attachment of infected L. deliense. The development of antibodies in mice was not detected before gross symptoms of infection were observed. Antibodies were first detected 14 days after attachment of infected mites, when mice were close to death.     

新疆博乐地区恙虫病东方体自然疫源地调查报告

目的　调查新疆博乐地区恙虫病东方体（Ot）自然疫源地情况。方法　采用多种方法捕鼠取脾,当地牧民静脉取血、从鼠体表捕获恙螨,用试剂盒提取DNA,应用巢式PCR(nPCR)检测Ot-Sta56基因;阳性标本脾制成悬液,接种昆明小白鼠进行Ot病原进行传代分离。结果　在博乐地区平原湿地、农田和居民区捕鼠126只,其中7只nPCR检测Ot阳性,阳性率5.55%;从当地牧民血液中检测到Ot阳性,阳性率1.87%;从野鼠体表捕获博乐纤恙螨,带螨率为8.4%,检测并分离到Ot病原。DNA序列分析表明,鼠类、人血及恙螨中检测并分离到的Ot碱基序列相同,与Karp株相应DNA片段的碱基序列同源性最高,均为99％,应属于Karp型。在山地草原捕获鼠58只,nPCR检测无Ot阳性,捕获旱獭26只,nPCR检测无Ot阳性,从鼠体表未捕获到恙螨。结论　新疆博乐地区平原湿地可能存在恙虫病东方体自然疫源地,宿主动物可能为小家鼠、普通仓鼠、大沙土鼠,传播媒介可能为博乐纤恙螨