术中超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值

目的 探讨术中超声(IOUS)监测在活体肝移植术(LDLT)中的应用价值.方法 在活体肝移植手术过程中,运用IOUS技术(灰阶超声和彩色多普勒血流显像)检查26例供体和受体的肝脏实质及血管状况,观察肝内异常回声的大小、轮廓和血供,纪录肝静脉的解剖信息.手术结束前,对所有重新吻合的血管进行灰阶超声和彩色多普勒血流显像检查.结果 经IOUS检查,术中明确1例供体肝内实质性占位;确认13例供肝肝中静脉及5例术前CT发现的直径0.5cm以上的供体副肝静脉;为1例改变术前确定的手术方式提供依据;诊断1例受体肝动脉狭窄.结论 在LDLT术中运用IOUS可有效评估移植供、受体肝脏实质和血管解剖状况,对选择最佳肝脏切面具有指导作用,并可为改变手术方式提供一定的参考依据.     

术中超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值

目的探讨术中超声(IOUS)监测在活体肝移植术(LDLT)中的应用价值。方法在活体肝移植手术过程中,运用IOUS技术(灰阶超声和彩色多普勒血流显像)检查26例供体和受体的肝脏实质及血管状况,观察肝内异常回声的大小、轮廓和血供,纪录肝静脉的解剖信息。手术结束前,对所有重新吻合的血管进行灰阶超声和彩色多普勒血流显像检查。结果经IOUS检查,术中明确1例供体肝内实质性占位;确认13例供肝肝中静脉及5例术前CT发现的直径0.5cm以上的供体副肝静脉;为1例改变术前确定的手术方式提供依据;诊断1例受体肝动脉狭窄。结论在LDLT术中运用IOUS可有效评估移植供、受体肝脏实质和血管解剖状况,对选择最佳肝脏切面具有指导作用,并可为改变手术方式提供一定的参考依据。     

彩色多普勒超声成像技术在肝移植监测中的应用价值

应用彩色多普勒超声成像CDFL技术对5例成人原位肝移植患者进行术前评价、术后监测，观察受体供肝门静脉、肝动脉、肝静脉、胆管及移植肝周围的情况；利用彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒技术对门脉、肝动脉、肝静脉血流进行检测；及时发现血流参数的变化及狭窄、血栓等并发症。结果：5例肝移植病例中，术后近期门脉流速增加，肝硬化组较非肝硬化组恢复时间长，术后1个月后门脉、肝静脉吻合血流流速加快。吻合口轻度狭窄4例，肝动脉栓塞1例，经超声引导下穿刺活检证实移植肝排斥1例。认为CDFI技术可用于移植肝手术前后的血流检测，动态观察血流参数的变化，早期发现血管并发症。     

成人活体肝移植肝中静脉搭桥后桥血管的超声显像

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在成人活体肝移植(living donor liver transplantation,LDLT)肝中静脉搭桥后受体的桥血管显像中的应用.方法 2005年12月至2006年7月我院25例患者接受右半供肝活体肝移植,术中用大隐静脉重建肝脏Ⅴ(V5)、Ⅷ(V8)段的肝中静脉粗大属支,静脉搭桥模式和例数为:单一V5(8例),两条V5(2例),V5和V8(9例),V8(6例),25例患者重建桥血管共36根.术后使用彩色多普勒超声对桥血管进行动态观察,随访7d至8月.结果 彩色多普勒超声能显示成人活体肝移植肝中静脉搭桥后的桥血管;24例患者桥血管34支超声显示通畅,血管管径4.6～7 mm,流速8.4～39.5 cm/s.1例(2支)术后7d重建的静脉未探及血流,术后25d桥血管与右肝静脉形成侧枝循环.结论 彩色多普勒超声可以准确显示肝中静脉搭桥后的桥血管,了解血管的通畅情况,测量其流速,为临床治疗提供详细、准确的信息.     

原位肝移植肝动脉和门静脉的重建

目的：总结同种异体原位肝移植术中肝动脉和门静脉吻合的经验。方法：回顾性分析9例原住肝移植术中影响肝动脉和门静脉吻合的因素和处理技巧。结果：5例行供、受者肝固有动脉端端吻合，2例供者肝总动脉与受者肝固有动脉吻合，2例供者肝总动脉与受者脾动脉吻合；8例采用门静脉端端吻合，1例因受者门静脉主干长段闭塞，取栓无法再通，将供肝门静脉与受省下腔静脉吻合。术后彩色多普勒超声监测显示动脉和门静脉血流通畅，均未发现有血栓形成或狭窄，现存活6例。结论：合理选择吻合用血管是避免术后发生血栓形成和狭窄的关键。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后并发症的诊断价值

目的评价彩色多普勒超声对原位肝移植术后并发症的诊断价值。方法彩色多普勒超声对14例原位肝移植术后监测，指标包括肝脏实质回声及胆道结构、血管系统的血流动力学变化。结果14例患者中1例患者术后肝动脉血栓形成，1例门静脉狭窄，1例下腔静脉狭窄，2例患者术后发生急性排异反应，2例胆管结石伴胆管扩张，肝动脉、肝静脉、门静脉血流动力学及频谱变化均有其特点，肝实质、肝内胆管也有不同程度变化。结论彩色多普勒超声在预测肝移植术后方面具有重要的指导意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后并发症诊断中的应用价值

目的：评估彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后并发症诊断中的应用价值。方法：总结分析14例原位肝移植患者术后并发症彩色多普勒超声诊断结果。结果：超声正确诊断胆道梗阻3例、肝脓肿2例、肝实质内小动脉栓塞后梗死灶1例、门静脉狭窄和血栓1例、肝静脉一下腔静脉吻合口狭窄2例、右侧胸腔、腹腔积液14例、盆腔左侧静脉丛曲张2例。结论：彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后并发症诊断中具有重要价值。移植肝急性排斥反应和肝动脉血栓的诊断问题尚需探讨。     

4例原位肝移植术后的彩色多普勒超声监测

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在原位肝移植术后的监测及并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法：对4例原位肝移植的患者,于术后应用彩色多普勒超声观察肝实质、肝脏周围及肝内外管系的结构、管腔内情况,对各血管做血流参数的测量。结果：肝脏实质及肝内外血管的血流指标随时间的推移均有所变化,发现胆总管堵塞合并胆漏1例,门静脉吻合口狭窄1例,1例患者于术后40d由于脑出血死亡,另1例无任何并发症。结论：肝移植术后常规定期行彩色多普勒超声检查,对肝内外胆管结构、各血管血流参数的监测、并发症的早期发现有着重要的临床价值。     

肝移植中广泛门静脉病变时手术方式探讨:附4例报告

目的 探讨肝移植手术中广泛门静脉病变时的处理方法.方法 回顾性总结4例广泛门静脉病变在原位肝移植术围手术期CT/MR、彩色多普勒超声及肝功能等,评估选择门静脉重建术式的效果.结果 4例门静脉病变患者情况各异,肝移植中都克服了手术困难、成功地重建了供肝门静脉灌注并取得较好的效果.结论 术前详尽的影像学资料,尤其是门静脉及肝动脉血流动力学资料对术式选择非常重要;术中结合具体情况,采用PV属支直接或架桥吻合或CPHT是解决供肝PV灌流的有效方法.     

临床活体肝移植4例报告

目的:总结原位活体肝移植的临床资料,探讨活体肝移植的关键手术技术.方法:对北京大学人民医院2003年2月至2006年11月实施的4例原位活体肝移植的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果: 4例均为成人活体供肝,其中右半肝3例(不包含肝中静脉的2例,包含肝中静脉的1例),扩大左外叶(不包含肝中静脉)1例,移植物重量/受体体重0.85%～1.44%.其中3例供、受体行肝右静脉端端吻合,1例供肝肝左静脉与受体成形后的肝左、肝中静脉吻合.2例供肝肝右动脉与受体肝固有动脉端端吻合,1例供肝肝右动脉分支经受体桡动脉搭桥后与受体肝固有动脉端端吻合,1例供肝肝左动脉与受体肝固有动脉端端吻合.4例供肝胆管成形后与受体的肝总管端端吻合,其中2例留置"T"型管引流.4名供者术后均顺利康复,未出现严重并发症;4例受者手术顺利,术后无血管并发症,1例未留置"T"管的儿童受者胆管吻合口轻度狭窄.受体现已分别健康存活58个月、32个月、20个月及14个月.结论:原位活体肝移植手术过程复杂,技术要求高,选择好合适的供体、灵活掌握关键的手术技术可以使活体肝移植患者获得良好的预后.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.