20个RM Y-STR基因座在四川汉族人群中的多态性和突变率研究

目的 探索20个快速突变Y染色体短串联重复序列(rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats,RM Y-STRs)在四川汉族人群中的适用性。方法 采用两个RM Y-STR复合扩增体系(RM1:DYF404S1、DYF399S1、DYS547、DYS526a/b、DYS626、DYF403S1a/b、DYS612,RM2:DYS1003、DYS1007、DYR88、DYS712、DYS711、DYS724、DYF1002,共14个RM Y-STR基因座)及Y41SE-v1.2(包括DYS627、DYS576、DYF387S1、DYS518、DYS570、DYS449共6个RM Y-STR基因座,30个普通Y-STR和1个Indel基因座)对200例无关男性及260对父子进行扩增分型,调查并比较20个RM YSTR和30个普通Y-STR基因座在四川汉族人群中的多态性及突变率。结果 在200例无关男性中20个RM Y-STR基因座基因多样性(gene diversity, GD)在0.791 0至0.997 5之间,存在200种单倍型...     

延边地区朝鲜族和汉族快速突变型Y-STR基因座DYS449和DYF404S1序列及遗传多态性分析

[目的]分析延边地区朝鲜族和汉族快速突变型Y-STR基因座DYS449和DYF404S1序列及遗传多态性.[方法]采用PCR技术对目的基因进行扩增,行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分型和银染显色,根据分型结果对DYS449和DYF404S1基因座的不同等位基因进行序列分析.[结果]DYS449为单拷贝基因座,在朝鲜族及汉族男性群体中分别检测出12,11个等位基因;DYF404S1为多拷贝基因座,在朝鲜族和汉族男性群体中均检测出8个等位基因.2个基因座联合在朝鲜族男性群体中构成88种单倍型,单倍型多态性(HD)、个人识别能力(DP)和单倍型辨别能力(DC)分别为0.988 1,0.983 2和0.220 0,在汉族男性群体中构成93种单倍型,HD,DP和DC分别为0.988 0,0.983 1和0.245 0.[结论]快速突变型Y-STR基因座DYS449和DYF404S1在延边地区朝鲜族和汉族男性群体中具有较高的遗传多态性.     

中国南方汉族群体11个Y染色体-短串联重复序列基因座及单倍型遗传多态性分析

目的:获得11个(DYS588,DYS508,DYS576,DYS504,DYS643,DYS505,DYS461,DYS533,DYS481,DYS634,DYS607)Y染色体-短串联重复序列(STR)基因座及单倍型在中国南方汉族群体中的遗传多态性分布情况,探讨其法医学应用价值。方法:对中国南方汉族160名无关男性个体进行11个Y-STR基因座的荧光标记复合扩增;用ABI310遗传分析仪对扩增后产物进行检测;GeneScan、Genotyper软件进行基因分型。结果:11个Y-STR基因座分别检测到8、7、7、7、6、7、6、4、11、4、6个等位基因,频率分布在0.006 3~0.900 0之间。各基因座基因多样性(GD)值分布在0.189 5~0.803 1之间,以DYS481最高;160名无关男性个体共检测到155种单倍型,其中151种只出现1次,3种2次,1种3次,单倍型的GD值为0.999 5。另对45个2代父性家系调查显示同一家系成员11个Y-STR基因座单倍型一致,未观察到基因突变。结论:中国南方汉族群体11个Y-STR基因座具有较高的遗传多态性,在法医学及人类遗传学方面具有应用价值。     

河南汉族人群7个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性

目的:调查7个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-STR)基因座及其单倍型在河南汉族人群中的遗传多态性.方法:采集102名河南汉族无关男性个体静脉血样,提取DNA,PCR扩增DYS19、DYS385、DYS389Ⅰ/Ⅱ、DYS390、A7.1、H4等7个Y-STR基因座,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染检测,进行基因分型统计分析并计算等位基因频率GD值.结果:7个Y-STR基因座共检出99种单倍型,1种出现3次,1种出现2次,其余均出现1次.积累GD值为0.999 235.发现1个国内群体中的新等位基因.结论:7个Y-STR基因座具有较强的个体识别能力.     

河南郑州地区汉族群体3个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性分析

目的 调查郑州地区汉族群体Y染色体3个基因座多态性分布及单倍型频率分布.方法 用荧光标记引物对河南郑州地区276名汉族男性无关个体进行3个基因座复合扩增,ABI 3100型遗传分析仪检测、分型.结果 在276例无关男性个体中,DYS 389Ⅱ、DYS438和DYS19分别检出8、7和7个等位基因,基因多样性(GD)分别为0.7553、0.7968和0.7429.3个Y-STR基因座共检出94种单体型,单体型多样性为0.9457.结论 DYS 389Ⅱ、DYS438和DYS19 3个Y-STR基因座具有较高的遗传多态性,可用于河南郑州地区法医学个体识别、亲子鉴定及群体遗传学研究.     

皖西南地区汉族人群23个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性

目的对皖西南地区汉族人群23个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-STR)基因座遗传多态性进行调查,并获得相关的基础遗传学数据。方法应用Power PlexY23荧光标记复合扩增系统对样本进行扩增,使用Genemapper V3.2软件对皖西南地区汉族646名男性无关个体电泳数据进行分型。结果 23个Y-STR基因座共检出628种单倍型,其中4种单倍型出现2次,检出单倍型最多的是DYS385a/b基因座(54种),其余基因座分别检出4~11种单倍型。23个Y-STR基因座中基因多样性(GD)值最高的为DYS385a/b基因座(0.945 3),最低的为DYS438基因座(0.261 4),其余基因座GD值为0.371 8~0.838 0。结论 23个Y-STR基因座在皖西南地区汉族人群中具有丰富的遗传多态性,为群体遗传学、法医学应用、医学研究提供数据支撑。     

河南郑州地区汉族群体3个Y-STR基因座荧光复合扩增及遗传多态性

目的调查郑州地区汉族群体3个Y-STR基因座多态性分布及单倍型频率分布。方法用荧光标记引物对河南郑州地区283名汉族男性无关个体进行3个基因座复合扩增,ABI 3100型遗传分析仪检测、分型。结果在283例无关男性个体中,DYS456、DYS389 I、DYS390分别检出6、5、5个等位基因,基因多样性分别为0.695 4、0.669 5、0.723 0。3个Y-STR基因座共检出70种单倍型,单部型多样性为0.967 6。结论DYS456、DYS389 I和DYS390 3个Y-STR基因座具有较高的遗传多态性,可用于河南郑州地区法医学个体识别、亲子鉴定及群体遗传学研究。     

中国汉族和朝鲜族8个Y-STR基因座单倍型遗传多态性

[目的]观察中国汉族和朝鲜族8个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性在法医学个人识别和亲权鉴定中的适用性.[方法]利用PCR扩增、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染方法对各200名中国汉族和朝鲜族人群的DYS441^DYS448 8个Y-STR基因座单倍型进行检测和分析.[结果]在汉族群体中分别检测出7,5,6,7,4,10,10和6个等位基因,基因多样性分布为0.540 1DYS448 8个Y-STR基因座单倍型进行检测和分析.[结果]在汉族群体中分别检测出7,5,6,7,4,10,10和6个等位基因,基因多样性分布为0.540 1⁰.819 0,8个基因座联合单倍型为189种,基因多样性为0.999 2;在朝鲜族群体中分别检测出8,6,6,5,6,10,9和6个等位基因,基因多样性分布为0.513 50.819 0,8个基因座联合单倍型为189种,基因多样性为0.999 2;在朝鲜族群体中分别检测出8,6,6,5,6,10,9和6个等位基因,基因多样性分布为0.513 5⁰.799 6,8个基因座联合单倍型为174种,基因多样性为0.997 9.[结论]8个YSTR基因座在2个群体中均具有较高的遗传多样性,是较理想的遗传标记系统,对中国汉族和朝鲜族的个人识别及亲权鉴定等具有较高的应用性.     

河南新乡地区汉族群体3个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性分布

目的调查河南新乡地区汉族群体Y染色体3个Y-STR基因座DYS19、DYS385和DYS389的基因多态性分布。方法聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增各基因座,质量分数6%中性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染显带分型。结果在158例无关男性个体中,DYS19、DYS385、DYS389分别检出9、16、9个等位基因,基因多样性(GD)分别为0.7980、0.9512、0.8521。3个Y-STR基因座共检出157种单体型,单体型多样性为0.9999。结论DYS19、DYS385、DYS389等3个Y-STR基因座具有高度的遗传多态性,可用于法医学个体识别、亲子鉴定及群体遗传学研究。     

昆明地区汉族人群9个Y-STRs基因座单倍型分析及其旁系亲子鉴定应用

目的 调查昆明地区汉族人群Y染色体DYS390、DYS393、DYS437、DYS438、DYS439、DYS447、DYS448、DYS460、H4,9个基因座的遗传多态性,获取9个基因座的单倍型数据.方法 应用苯酚:氯仿及Chelex-100 萃取法提取 DNA,采用STR-PCR、非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染技术和377测序技术,对昆明地区汉族群体216例男性个体就上述9个基因座进行单倍型分析.结果 216例样本中9个基因座得到216种单倍型,每种单倍型的频率均为0.0046,GD=100005934437,S.E.=125×10-9(GD,gene diversity,基因多样性).结论 昆明汉族9个Y-STRs基因座具有高度多态性,在法医学特殊亲权鉴定中具有良好的应用前景.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.