低场磁共振MRCP在胆道梗阻性疾病中的临床应用

目的评价磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP)技术对胆道梗阻性疾病的诊断价值。方法对52例怀疑有胆道梗阻性疾病、临床表现为腹痛和(或)黄疸的患者行常规MR扫描,包括横轴位FSE序列T2WI、SE序列T1WI、FSEIR序列STIR,MRCP采用SSFSE序列行二维厚层块投射扫描。结果 52例患者均获得满意影像表现,诊断准确率达92.37%。结论 MRCP能清楚显示梗阻部位及狭窄形态,能直观显示胰、胆管树,对胆道梗阻性疾病具有重要的临床应用价值。     

磁共振胰胆管造影结合多种MRI技术 在胰胆管疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管造影结合多种MRI技术对胰胆管疾病诊断的价值.方法对经手术病理或ERCP证实的胰胆管疾病患者100例,行包括冠状位T2加权、横断位T2加权、横断位T1加权、Turbo SE MRCP序列及HASTE MRCP序列的MRI检查.结果 MRCP对胰胆管疾病定性诊断准确率为91.0%;结合其他MR成像序列,定性诊断准确率为99.0%(χ2=6.7368, P<0.05).对胆系结石,Turbo SE MRCP检出率为94.9%,HASTE MRCP原始图像结合3D图像的检出率为98.7%;HASTE MRCP 3D图像检出率为84.6%,与Turbo SE MRCP之间存在显著差异(χ2=4.4572, P<0.05).结论 MRCP与其他MR成像技术结合应用,可准确判断梗阻部位,明确病变性质.     

低场MRI胰胆管成像诊断胆管梗阻106例分析

目的探讨永磁低场强磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆道梗阻性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析106例经手术病理及临床证实的胆道梗阻性疾病患者的MRCP及MRI表现。结果 MRCP对胆道梗阻的定位准确率为98%,定性准确率为84%。结论低场MRCP结合MRI是诊断胆道梗阻性疾病有效和准确的方法。     

磁共振胰胆管成像诊断胆道梗阻性疾病的价值

目的　结合临床探讨磁共振胰胆管成像技术 (MRCP)在诊断胆道梗阻性疾病时的价值。方法　回顾性总结 2 1例胆道梗阻性疾病患者MRCP检查结果 ,并结合临床进行分析。结果　MRCP对胆道梗阻性疾病的定位准确率达 90 % ,对良性胆道梗阻性疾病的定性准确率为 82 % ,对恶性胆道梗阻性疾病的定性准确率为 85 %。结论　MRCP对胆道梗阻性疾病有较高的定位和定性正确率 ,可部分代替内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)。     

磁共振胰胆管成像技术的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆道梗阻性疾病的临床应用价值.方法通过对52例梗阻性黄疸患者术前行MRCP检查,同时对比US、CT、直接胰胆管造影及手术病理结果对照分析,评价胆道梗阻性疾病的影像学对比研究.结果 52例MRCP检查均一次成功,胰胆管显示满意,其效果类似于直接胰胆管造影图像.MRCP可显示各种良恶性胆道梗阻性病变影像学特征,对梗阻程度判断和定位诊断准确率为100%,定性诊断准确率为88.4%.结论 MRCP成像技术为重T2WI扫描,检查成功率高,胰胆管显示清晰,对各种梗阻性黄疸的临床应用适应证广泛,与常规MRI结合能提高胰胆管梗阻性疾病的影像学诊断水平.     

3D-VIBE与3D-FLASH序列肝胆特异期Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MR胆道成像显示胆道系统图像质量及检出病变

目的 对比三维容积内插值体部检查(3D-VIBE)与三维T1W快速扰相小角度梯度回波(3D-FLASH)序列肝胆特异期(HBP)钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MR胆道成像(CE-MRC)显示胆道系统图像质量及检出病变的差异。方法 回顾性分析101例接受3D-VIBE与3D-FLASH序列HBP Gd-EOB-DTPA CE-MRC患者，包括30例肝移植术后、18例胆道系统疾病及53例肝脏疾病或MRI未见明显异常者，对3D-VIBE-CE-MRC与3D-FLASH-CE-MRC所示胆道系统图像质量进行主观评分及客观评估；对比18例胆道系统疾病3D-VIBE-CE-MRC与3D-FLASH-CE-MRC表现的差异，以及30例肝移植术后患者3D-VIBE-CE-MRC、3D-FLASH-CE-MRC及MR胰胆管成像(MRCP)所测狭窄处胆管直径的差异。结果 3D-FLASH-CE-MRC胆道系统图像质量主观评分高于3D-VIBE-CE-MRC(P<0.05)。3D-FLASH-CE-MRC胆道系统信噪比及对比信噪比均高于3D-VIBE-CE-MRC(P均<0.01)。3...     

CT与MRI联合MRCP对胆道梗阻病变定性诊断准确率的影响

目的:探讨CT与MRI联合磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)在胆道梗阻病变定性诊断中应用价值。方法:选取许昌市中医院65例胆道梗阻病变患者,均行CT、MRI+MRCP检查,统计不同检查方法对良恶性病变定性诊断结果。结果:CT对胆道梗阻病变准确定性55例,定性诊断准确率为84. 62%(55/65),MRI+MRCP对胆道梗阻病变准确定性59例,定性诊断准确率为90. 77%(59/65),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); CT+MRI+MRCP对胆道梗阻病变定性诊断准确率为98. 46%(64/65),高于CT诊断84. 62%(55/65),差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:CT联合MRI+MRCP可提高胆道梗阻病变定性诊断准确率,作为临床诊治疾病的依据。     

磁共振胰胆管成像与弥散加权成像联合CT增强扫描对恶性胆道梗阻的诊断价值

  目的  分析探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)与弥散加权成像(DWI)联合CT增强扫描对恶性胆道梗阻的定位定性诊断价值。  方法  选择2015年6月~2020年12月在我院收治的疑似恶性胆道梗阻患者80例,所有患者均接受MRCP、DWI、CT增强扫描检查与病理学诊断; 以病理学诊断为“金标准”,对比所有患者MRCP形态,比较MRCP+DWI单独检查与CT增强扫描检查对胆道梗阻定位、定性诊断价值。  结果  病理组织学结果显示,80例患者中良性肝外胆道梗阻患者33例(41.25%),其中胆管结石27例,胆管炎性狭窄6例; 恶性肝外胆道梗阻患者47例,占比58.75%,其中胆总管癌34例、壶腹癌4例、胰头癌9例; MRCP影像学特征显示,良性梗阻患者主要表现为“枯枝状”,恶性梗阻患者主要表现为“软藤状”; 两种检测方法中,MRCP+DWI联合CT增强扫描对胆道梗阻的定位诊断准确率高于MRCP+DWI诊断(P < 0.05);MRCP+DWI检查胆道梗阻对胆管结石、胆管炎性狭窄、胆管癌、胰头癌的诊断符合率均低于MRCP+DWI联合CT增强扫描,两种检查方法对壶腹癌的诊断符合率均为100%;MRCP+ DWI联合CT增强扫描定性诊断总符合率高于MRCP+DWI检查(P < 0.05)。  结论  MRCP+DWI联合CT增强扫描可对恶性胆道梗阻进行准确定位,还可提高定性诊断恶性胆道梗阻的准确率,值得临床推广使用。      

多层螺旋CT与磁共振MRCP对胆道梗阻性疾病临床诊断的应用价值

目的观察多层螺旋CT与磁共振MRCP对胆道梗阻性疾病临床诊断的应用价值。方法随机选择2013年1月-2017年12月至我院检查胆道梗阻性疾病60例进行临床研究,所有患者均给予多层螺旋CT增强扫描和MRCP检查。以术后病理检查作为诊断标准,观察MSCT、MRCP以及MSCT+MRCP对患者诊断的准确率和影像特征。结果 60例患者以术后病理结果作为诊断标准,MSCT诊断准确率为81.67%,MRCP诊断准确率为83.33%,MSCT+MRCP诊断准确率为96.67%。MSCT+MRCP诊断的准确率明显高于MSCT、MRCP单独诊断的准确率,且具有统计学差异(P0.05),但MSCT、MRCP单独诊断准确率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 MSCT与MRCP联合应用能显著提高胆道梗阻性疾病的临床诊断率。     

磁共振胆胰管成像在肝外胆道梗阻疾病中的应用

目的探讨磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)在肝外胆道梗阻性疾病中的诊断价值.方法选择50例梗阻性黄疸患者进行MRCP检查,其结果与手术和病理结果比较.结果MRCP能显示肝内和肝外不同程度扩张的胆管,并能显示梗阻部位和梗阻端形态.定位准确率达100%,定性准确率为84%.结论磁共振胆胰管成像是诊断胆道梗阻性疾病的一种安全无创的方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.