小儿支气管异物钳取出术的配合及护理

呼吸道异物是耳鼻喉科中既常见而又十分危急的一种疾病。多发生于 3岁以下的儿童。主要是小儿爱将小玩具、食物含在口中 ,因哭闹、逗笑而误入气管 ,加之小儿咳嗽反射不健全及异物本身体小、质轻的特点而易误吸入气管内[1] 。临床主要表现 :咳嗽、呼吸困难、口唇发绀 ,如不及时治疗取出异物会给患儿造成极大的痛苦 ,甚至危及生命。我院自 1998年元月～ 2 0 0 1年元月共行异物钳取出术 32例 ,成功取出 31例 ,放弃 1例 ,取得良好疗效 ,现总结如下 :1　临床资料本组 32例中 ,男 2 4例 ,女 8例 ,年龄最小 8个月 ,最大4岁 ,平均 1 6岁。异物种类 :…     

30例小儿呼吸道异物取出术的护理

自1988—2008年我院共收治呼吸道异物患儿30例，年龄平均5岁，最大的10岁，最小的3个月，其中男性19例，女性11例。发生在支气管内9例，其中死亡1例，其余21例均行支气管镜异物取出术治疗，无1例发生意外及并发症，均治愈出院，现将术前、术后护理体会总结一下。     

小儿气管支气管异物取出术围手术期护理

呼吸道异物以1～3岁幼儿多见,因不能自诉病史容易误诊,如未及时治疗,可产生严重并发症,甚至危及生命[1].我院耳鼻喉科于1998年1月～2005年3月共收治小儿气管异物49例,均在全麻下行气管异物取出术,取得良好的效果,现报道如下.     

小儿气管支气管异物取出术围术期的临床护理体会

目的：探讨小儿气管支气管异物取出术围术期护理措施与效果。方法将80例支气管炎患儿随机分为研究组和对照组各40例,研究组行系统的围术期护理,对照组患儿行常规护理。比较2组手术情况、术后并发症及护理满意度。结果2组手术均顺利完成,均未发生死亡事件。研究组术后并发症发生率明显高于对照组,研究组患儿护理满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论系统的围术期护理可以提升小儿支气管炎异物取出术的成功率与治疗效果,减少并发症,提升临床治疗安全性。     

小儿气管异物取出术的术中护理

目的：总结分析小儿气管异物取出术中的护理要点。方法：75例气管异物患儿，无麻醉异物取出8例，吸入甲氧氟烷麻醉48例，氯胺酮或异丙酚静脉复合麻醉19例，手术用气管镜直视异物取出，护理观察患儿生命体征，配合麻醉与手术。结果：9例（12%）一次取出异物，60例（80%）两次以上才取出划物，其他多次插管，未找到异物（其中3例为糖块类异物，可能自行溶化）。术中未出现死亡病例。结论：护理配合良好有利于手术和麻醉的顺利实施。     

不同麻醉方法用于小儿支气管异物取出术的比较

小儿支气管异物是耳鼻咽喉科常见的急症,病情极其凶险,以6岁以内儿童多见,尤其以两岁内的小儿发病多,死亡率高。手术对麻醉医生和耳鼻咽喉科医生的要求都极高,而平稳合适的麻醉深度是手术顺利进行的前提。我院在2010年10月～2013年3月间共救治小儿支气管异物患者60例,分别采用两种不同麻醉方法行异物取出术,过程均顺利,无意外及严重并发症发生,现将麻醉处理总结如下。     

小儿右支气管异物取出术的麻醉供氧改进方法

我院采用小管径塑胶导尿管置入气管内高频喷射通气改进供氧的麻醉方法 ,在既不能气管插管 ,又要保证自主呼吸畅通的情况下 ,用支气管钳夹取出小儿右支气管异物 1例 ,使手术获得成功 ,报道如下。患儿男性 ,4岁 ,体重 1 5kg。因圆珠笔头套坠入气管内一天入院。查呼吸急促 ,30bpm ,面唇轻度紫绀 ,呛咳 ,三凹征明显 ,病情危重 ,SPO2 未测。X线透视见患儿右支气管存留一圆锥形异物。在门诊放射科临时配备电动吸引器、氧气、高频喷射呼吸机、简易呼吸器、面罩、小儿导尿管 ,在急救药品具备条件下 ,术前肌注阿托品 0 2 5mg、苯巴比妥钠 30mg。在…     

165例小儿气管支气管异物取出的术中配合及护理

气管及支气管异物为耳鼻喉科常见的急症之一,多发生在儿童.由于儿童声门保护性功能较弱,吞咽食物或异物时容易呛入气管或支气管,导致呼吸困难或窒息,若不及时救治将危及患儿生命[1].     

纤维支气管镜异物取出术的护理配合

目的总结纤维支气管镜支气管异物取出术的护理配合,探讨最佳的护理方法,提高异物取出的成功率,减轻患者的痛苦。方法支气管异物16例进行回顾性分析,探讨术前准备、术中配合及术后宣教在提高手术成功率中的作用。结果14例异物顺利取出,2例未取出转外科手术。结论适宜的护理措施及良好的护理配合可以提高內镜诊疗的成功率,减轻患者的不良反应,保障患者的安全。     

小儿支气管异物取出手术麻醉方式的选择

目的:探讨小儿支气管异物取出手术安全可靠的麻醉方式.方法:回顾性分析481例小儿支气管异物患儿分别使用全身麻醉和咽部黏膜表面麻醉进行异物取出术的治疗效果.结果:全身麻醉下行支气管异物取出术296例中1次成功取出异物295例,失败率为0.34%;1%丁卡因咽部黏膜表面麻醉下行支气管异物取出术185例中1次成功取出异物175例,失败率为5.40%,2次成功取出异物8例,术后并发喉头水肿10例,其中使用全身麻醉2例,1%丁卡因咽部黏膜表面麻醉8例;术后并发喉痉挛12例,其中使用全身麻醉1例;行气管切开4例,窒息死亡2例,死亡率为0.42%,皆为使用1%丁卡因咽部黏膜表面麻醉者.结论:全身麻醉下行支气管异物取出术1次成功与失败率明显低于黏膜表面麻醉下行支气管异物取出术,术后并发症少,值得临床推广应用.     

个体化护理在小儿支气管异物摘取术中的应用

目的探讨个体化护理在小儿支气管异物摘取术护理中的应用效果。方法将行支气管异物摘取术患儿116例随机分成观察组和对照组,各58例。观察组根据不同个体采用个体化护理,对照组采用常规护理。护理后比较2组1次性异物取出成功率及并发症情况。结果观察组1次性异物取出成功率为96.6%高于对照组的81.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组并发症总发生率为3.4%低于对照组的20.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论个体化护理能提高支气管异物摘取术患儿的护理质量。     

小儿气管支气管异物76例临床分析

目的 探讨小儿支气管异物的临床特点、诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析我院2010年3月至2011年5月收治的76例小儿气管、支气管异物患者的临床资料.结果 本组76例小儿气管、支气管异物患者,术前咳出2例,全麻或表麻下顺利取出异物73例,术后并发心衰1例.结论 小儿气管、支气管异物快速准确的诊断、治疗以及并发症预防是挽救患儿生命的关键.     

舒芬太尼和氯胺酮复合麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的探讨舒芬太尼和氯胺酮复合麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用效果。方法选择2010年以来所做的40例气管、支气管异物取出术患者,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）对术中术后病人的反应进行观察,并记录SpO2及HR变化情况。结果40例患者中有37例顺利完成手术,有3例因出现异常情况又行二次手术。结论舒芬太尼和氯胺酮复合麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用取得满意效果,是小儿气管异物取出术一种理想的麻醉方法。     

儿童支气管镜气道异物取出术围术期呼吸系统严重并发症的危险因素分析

目的　探讨支气管镜气道异物取出术患儿围术期呼吸系统严重并发症的危险因素。方法　选择2019年6月至2021年6月徐州市儿童医院收治的行支气管镜气道异物取出术的患儿291例,对患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,将术中及术后24 h内未发生呼吸系统严重并发症的患儿作为无并发症组,将术中及术后24 h内发生呼吸系统严重并发症的患儿作为并发症组。对比两组一般资料、手术时间、异物存留时间、异物位置、异物类型等资料,再对单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,确定患儿发生围术期呼吸系统严重并发症的危险因素。计量资料采用独立样本t检验,计数资料采用χ²检验。结果　291例患儿共37例发生并发症,发生率为12.71%（37/291）。并发症组男19例、女18例,年龄（3.12±0.51）岁;无并发症组男163例、女91例,年龄（3.19±0.59）岁。并发症组患儿手术时间、异物存留时间、术前呼吸道感染及麻醉效果不佳比例分别为（20.12±4.05）min、（7.09±0.48）d、51.35%（19/37）、70.27%（26/37）,均高于无并发症组［（12.18±1.11）min、（3.61±0.55）d、12.99%（33/254）、7.48%（19/254）］,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析发现手术时间、异物存留时间、术前呼吸道感染、麻醉效果不佳是患儿围术期呼吸系统严重并发症发生的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论　支气管镜气道异物取出术患儿围术期呼吸系统严重并发症的危险因素主要为手术时间、异物存留时间、术前呼吸道感染、麻醉效果不佳,临床应警惕并及时采取预防措施。     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

小儿气管异物取出术的麻醉处理

目的 探讨小儿气管异物取出术有效的麻醉处理方法.方法 选取本院60例行气管异物取出术患儿为研究对象,随机分成两组,A组(30例)采取七氟醚吸入诱导,B组(30例)采取丙泊酚静脉注射诱导,术中靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持,比较两组的麻醉效果.结果 两组均顺利手术,两组麻醉诱导后、插入气管镜后、清醒后的MAP、HR均有改变,组间插镜后的MAP、HR比较差异均有统计学意义;A组手术时间、气管镜出入次数、麻醉恢复时间均明显少于对照组,A组不良反应发生率为16.7％,B组不良反应发生率为73.3％,两组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 相较于丙泊酚,七氟醚吸入诱导在小儿气管异物取出术中的麻醉效果更佳,不良反应更少,值得临床应用.