Discriminant analysis of a sexual-functioning inventory with intrafamilial and extrafamilial child molesters

Several suggestions have been offered by clinicians who work with sex offenders concerning etiological distinctions between incest offenders and extrafamilial child molesters. In this study we hypothesized that nonincestuous child molesters would have more sexual problems in general than would incestuous offenders. Ninety-five incest offenders and 127 nonincestuous child molesters were administered the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI), a self-report instrument. On the global Sexual Functioning Index the total sample of child molesters scored below the first percentile compared to the normative sample. In a direct discriminant analysis of the 10 subscales, satisfaction, fantasy, and experience were the principle variables discriminating between incestuous and nonincestuous offenders. Incest offenders were higher on experience and satisfaction and lower on fantasy. However, the discriminant analysis failed to yield clinically relevant distinctions between the sexual problems of extrafamilial and intrafamilial child molesters. DSFI scores for both groups indicated that their overall level of sexual functioning is poor relative to the general population.     

Patterns of sexual arousal of accused child molesters involved in custody disputes

Penile plethysmography was used to examine sexual preferences of individuals accused of child molestation in the course of custody conflicts. Information regarding the alleged offenders, victims, and sex offense was gathered. In comparison to accused offenders who are not engaged in custody disputes, the subjects were more often accused of sexually abusing a younger child who was a biological relative. The source of accusations was usually the mother. Additionally, the custody-dispute subjects were less likely to have a prior criminal history. Penile tumescence data suggested that the subjects involved in custody disputes were less sexually aroused by children than those subjects who were not involved in custody conflicts. However, the results revealed that in both groups a substantial number of subjects responded equally or more to the child stimuli. In sum, the alleged offenders involved in custody disputes appeared less deviant on several measures.     

全国五省市独生与非独生已婚育龄妇女二孩生育意愿的差异分析

目的探讨独生与非独生已婚育龄妇女二孩生育意愿现状及影响因素。方法基于中国五省市(北京市、福建省、陕西省、四川省、甘肃省)940例已婚育龄妇女作为研究对象,其中独生子女育龄妇女(独生组)229例、非独生育龄妇女(非独生组)711例。采用面对面问卷调查,调查两组育龄妇女的一般人口学特征、二孩生育意愿、理想子女数等特征性变量,通过构建单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析两组育龄妇女二孩生育意愿的影响因素。结果非独生育龄妇女二孩生育意愿显著高于独生组,差异有统计学意义(59.92%vs 48.91%,χ²=8.57,P=0.003),并且两组育龄妇女在理想子女数的分布也存在显著的统计学差异(χ²=27.92,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,以20~29岁的育龄妇女为参照,年龄在35~39岁的独生组育龄妇女二孩生育意愿明显下降(OR_独生=0.162,95%CI:0.056~0.463),而对于年龄在40~45岁的育龄妇女而言,独生组的二孩生育意愿也显著低于非独生组(OR_独生=0.115,95%CI:0.025~0.540;OR_非独生=0.266,95%CI:0.146~0.484)。以农村地区为参照,非独生组中,居住地为城市的育龄妇女二孩生育意愿(OR_非独生=0.411,95%CI:0.238~0.711)低于居住地为郊区的育龄妇女二孩生育意愿(OR_非独生=0.498,95%CI:0.263~0.943),但相对于独生组而言,居住在城市的育龄妇女二孩生育意愿下降更为明显(OR_独生=0.130,95%CI:0.027~0.630)。以已婚未育妇女为参照,独生组已婚已育妇女的二孩生育意愿显著高于非独生组(OR_独生=6.179,95%CI:2.236~17.076;OR_非独生=1.820,95%CI:1.099~3.015)。以二孩家庭经济负担重为参照,基本能承受二孩抚养负担的独生育龄妇女生育意愿显著增高(OR_独生=2.962,95%CI:1.408~6.229),而对于非独生育龄妇女而言,基本能承受(OR_非独生=3.806,95%CI:2.629~5.511)和完全能承受二孩抚养负担(OR_非独生=4.263,95%CI:2.138~8.498)的二孩生育意愿也显著高于家庭负担重的妇女。此外,相比于农民,非独生组中职业为工人的育龄妇女的生育意愿更低(OR_非独生=0.389,95%CI:0.189~0.801),但在独生组未观察到该效应。除此之外,其余因素对独生/非独生育龄妇女的二孩生育意愿没有显著影响。结论非独生育龄妇女的二孩生育意愿显著高于独生育龄妇女,且年龄、居住地、婚育情况、家庭经济负担是影响独生/非独生育龄妇女生育意愿的独立危险因素。     

双标稳定性同位素技术研究中国育龄妇女对还原铁粉的标份利用率

目的研究中国育龄妇女对还原铁粉的吸收利用率。方法以20名健康育龄妇女为研究对象,随机分为两组,以硫酸亚铁为对照,采用目前最准确的双标稳定性同位素技术,研究还原铁粉的吸收和利用。结果硫酸亚铁的标份利用率为5.8%,还原铁粉的标份利用率为2.1%,而红细胞血红蛋白掺入率分别为70.1%和91.3%,差异均有显著性意义。结论在典型中国膳食条件下,我国育龄妇女对还原铁粉的利用率为2.1%,而红细胞血红蛋白掺入率为91.3%。     

‘I’m in love with an older man’: reasons for intergenerational sexual relationships among young women in South Africa

The literature on intergenerational sexual relationships in Africa focuses predominantly on economic motivations. This paper aims to identify the common reasons for older male sexual partners among young women in South Africa. Data for the study came from the Fourth South African National HIV, Behaviour and Health Survey 2012. A representative sample of 620 young women (15–24 years old) with older male sexual partners was extracted. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for potential confounders. The authors found that more than a quarter of sexually active young women engaged in age-disparate relationships. The majority of the respondents did not see age as an important factor, while financial support ranked fourth in the list of reasons for having older partners. Women who were 20–24 years old (AOR 1.16, CI: 0.59287–1.87493), divorced, separated or widowed (AOR 1.38, CI: 0.65360–1.92105) and who were students or learners (AOR 1.85, CI: 0.41943–1.29402) were more likely to have an older partner for financial reasons. Thus, financial motivations are not the predominant reason for age-disparate relationships; instead, other reasons including age not being important and feeling secure were more cited. Not all young women in South Africa are seeking financial assistance from older sexual partners.     

The role of the illusion in the construction of erotic desire: narratives from heterosexual men who have occasional sex with transgender women

Little is known about men’s sexual desire for and erotic attraction to male-to-female transgender women. To better understand how erotic desire is constructed, this study examined the narratives of a sample of heterosexual men who had had an occasional sexual encounter with a transgender woman. Open-ended qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 heterosexual men who reported at least one sexual encounter with a transgender woman in the previous 12 months. Using principles of Grounded Theory, three themes emerged: (1) the erotic desire that transpired from a transgender woman’s construction of her femininity, (2) the sexual act that dictated the specific navigation of a transgender woman’s penis and (3) the sexual dissonance that resulted from being a heterosexually identified man having sex with a partner who had a penis. These themes reflected how the participants defined and negotiated their sexual encounters, both psychologically through their understanding of sex with a transgender woman with a penis, and physically through the navigation of specific sex acts. The role of the ‘illusion’ was central to the meaning and construction of erotic desire. These narratives provided another framework for continuing discourse on the complexity of erotic desire.     

二胎孕妇妊娠压力及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨二胎孕妇妊娠压力现状及其影响因素。方法 于2016年7-8月,应用妊娠压力量表、家庭关怀度指数（APGAR）和自制调查问卷对便利抽样的331名二胎孕妇进行调查。结果 结果 二胎孕妇妊娠压力总均分（0.75±0.48）分,妊娠有压力者占21.8%;单因素分析显示,第一胎高危妊娠（χ²=9.479、P=0.002）、婆媳关系（χ²=18.243、P=0.000）、夫妻关系（χ²=24.160、P=0.000）、怀孕态度（χ²=31.560、P=0.000）、生二胎原因（χ²=29.835、P=0.000）、第二胎高危妊娠（χ²=4.992、P=0.025）、家庭功能（χ²=62.002、P=0.000）等因素与二胎孕妇妊娠压力发生率有关;logistic回归分析显示,二胎孕妇妊娠压力与夫妻关系、生二胎原因、第二胎高危妊娠和家庭功能有关。结论 夫妻关系差、家庭功能障碍、第二胎高危妊娠、在父母压力下生二胎等因素是导致二胎孕妇妊娠压力的主要因素。     

Parental discipline behaviours and beliefs about their child: associations with child internalizing and mediation relationships

Introduction   Internalizing disorders of childhood are a common and disabling problem, with sufferers at increased risk of subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Several studies have found associations between parenting styles and children's internalizing, although few have considered the role of parental discipline. Parental discipline style may exert an effect on children's internalizing symptoms. Anxiety and depression are reliably found to run in families and parental anxiety has been shown to effect parenting behaviour. This study set out to examine the links between parental anxiety, parental discipline style and child internalizing symptoms.
Method   Eighty-eight parents of children aged 4–10 years were recruited through primary schools. All parents completed questionnaires including measures relating to: adult anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait version, Penn State Worry Questionnaire), parental depression (Beck Depression Inventory – Fastscreen), parental discipline (The Parenting Scale), parenting-related attributions (Parenting Attitudes, Beliefs and Cognitions Scale) and child psychological morbidity (Child Behaviour Checklist 4–18 version).
Results   Significant correlations were found between both parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with ineffective discipline and negative beliefs about parenting. Particularly strong correlations were found between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with harsh discipline. Parents of anxious/withdrawn children were more likely to hold negative beliefs about their child. The link between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms was mediated by harsh discipline. The link between parental anxiety and harsh discipline was mediated by parental beliefs about the child.
Conclusion   Discipline style may be an important factor in the relationship between parent anxiety and child internalizing symptoms.     

Sharing beliefs: What sexuality means to Muslim Iranian women living in Australia

Outsiders often see Australia as a place that has achieved a remarkable degree of tolerance for social and cultural difference. It has a reputation for a successful and enlightened national HIV/AIDS strategy and as an important gay tourist spot, particularly during Sydney's Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. Legalized sex between men in all jurisdictions has been achieved, most of it during the era of the HIV epidemic. Reforms in anti-discrimination law and the recognition of gay and lesbian relationships are further examples of significant social change concerning sexuality. These achievements suggest that real gains have been made by gay and lesbian political activism and have been used to indicate that there is a new, more open space for Australian gay people to live their lives, accepted as citizens and treated equally. This is true to some extent, but an analysis of a recent, popular 'reality' television programme, Big Brother , reveals a different picture and suggests that the acceptance of gay men in Australia comes at a price. The HIV epidemic has made its own contribution to these social changes, but this too is a mixed blessing for gay men in particular. Just how far Australia has come on this road to social reform concerning sexual equality is assessed. Les étrangers voient souvent l'Australie comme un pays qui a atteint un degré remarquable de tolérance vis à vis des différences sociales et culturelles. Elle a la bonne réputation d'avoir mis en place une stratégie nationale éclairée et efficace contre le VIH/sida et d'être une importante destination touristique gay, en particulier lors du Mardi-Gras gay et lesbien de Sydney. La légalisation des rapports sexuels entre hommes a été obtenue dans toutes les juridictions, en grande partie pendant l'épidémie de sida. Les réformes des lois discriminatoires et la reconnaissance des relations entre gays et entre lesbiennes sont d'autres exemples de l'évolution significative de la société quant à la sexualité. Ces réussites suggèrent que de vrais progrès ont été obtenus grâce à l'activisme politique gay et lesbien, et sont utilisés pour montrer l'existence d'un espace nouveau, plus ouvert, permettant aux gays australiens de vivre comme ils l'entendent, en étant acceptés et traités comme des citoyens à part entière. Cela est vrai dans une certaine mesure. Mais l'analyse de Big Brother , un reality-show récent et populaire, révèle une image différente et suggère que l'acceptation des hommes gay en Australie a un certain prix. L'épidémie de sida a sa part de contribution dans cette évolution sociale, mais représente elle aussi une bénédiction mitigée, en particulier pour les hommes gay. Cette étude analyse jusqu'où l'Australie est allée sur la voie des réformes des inégalités relevant de la sexualité. Los extranjeros suelen ver a Australia como un lugar que ha alcanzado un admirable grado de tolerancia en cuanto a sus diferencias sociales y culturales. Es conocido por su brillante y adelantado programa nacional contra VIH/sida y como lugar turístico para homosexuales, especialmente la fiesta Mardi Gras de Gays y Lesbianas en Sydney. Se ha conseguido legalizar el sexo entre hombres en todas las jurisdicciones, sobre todo durante la época de la epidemia del virus del sida. Otros ejemplos del importante cambio social en la sexualidad han sido las reformas en las leyes antidiscriminatorias y el reconocimiento de las relaciones de gays y lesbianas. Estos logros se han conseguido gracias al activismo político de homosexuales y lesbianas y han servido para indicar que existe un espacio nuevo y más abierto para que los homosexuales australianos puedan vivir sus propias vidas como ciudadanos aceptados que reciben el mismo trato que los demás. Esto es verdad hasta cierto punto. Un reciente análisis del popular programa de televisión Gran Hermano muestra una imagen diferente y sugiere que el aceptar a los homosexuales australianos tiene un precio. La epidemia del sida ha contribuido a estos cambios sociales, pero también esto tiene sus pros y sus contras, sobre todo para los gays. Se está valorando cuánto camino ha recorrido Australia en sus reformas sociales con la relación a la igualdad sexual.     

吉林省孕产妇母婴健康素养影响因素调查分析

目的调查并分析吉林省孕产妇母婴健康素养现状及影响因素,为提出妇幼健康工作策略提供参考依据。方法以2018年12月-2019年1月在吉林省助产机构接受助产服务的孕产妇为研究对象,开展问卷调查。结果吉林省孕产妇母婴健康素养具备者比例为15. 8%。年龄23岁及以上、家庭人均月收入1 000~3 000元,参加过孕妇学校是具备健康素养的有利因素(P<0. 05);产后,职业为商业、服务业人员、其他和未就业是具备健康素养的危险因素(P<0. 05)。结论吉林省孕产妇母婴健康素养较低,应进一步提高母婴健康素养水平。     

Sexual desire among Mexican-American older women: a qualitative study

Although researchers have related sexual desire in older women to quality-of-life variables such as overall physical health, well-being, and life satisfaction, little is known about the socio-cultural mechanisms that shape sexual desire in minority ethnic older women. We investigated this sexual variable among Mexican-American older women in a qualitative fashion. Data were collected from 25 community-dwelling women of Mexican descent (aged 59–89 years) using a semi-structured interview protocol and a grounded theory approach. We inquired about dimensions of sexual desire including sexual fantasies and the desire to engage in sexual activity within the context of several socio-cultural and health-related factors. Using content analysis, we were able to identify key themes differentiating among respondents’ levels of sexual desire and fantasies. These included the availability of a suitable partner, cultural and religious norms pertinent to women's sexuality, stigma related to sexuality in older age, and health status. Traditional socio-cultural restrictions coupled with unmarried status and physical health problems emerged as critical issues associated with limited or no sexual fantasies and desire in our sample. Many respondents indicated that their sexual needs were unmet.     

河南省部分地区育龄妇女三胎生育意愿及影响因素研究

目的 了解河南省部分地区育龄妇女三胎生育意愿,并探讨与三胎生育意愿相关的影响因素.方法 采用立意抽样法,选取2019年6—12月在河南省三家妇幼保健院(许昌、鹤壁、濮阳)分娩的577例生育二胎育龄妇女进行问卷调查,因三胎生育意愿中不确定者所占比例较少,故本研究不计入统计分析,最后共547例纳入统计分析.妇女年龄为19～...     

卫生Ⅷ项目地区77例孕产妇死亡地点与死因分析及“母婴安全”模型研究

目的:分析造成孕产妇死亡的主要原因及其关键环节,总结卫生Ⅷ项目相关干预经验,探讨进一步有效降低项目地区孕产妇死亡率的干预措施。方法:通过对典型个案的回顾性研究,总结分析孕产妇死亡原因、死亡地点等情况。结果:在死亡孕产妇中存在着“3个延迟”,49.35%没有及时作出就医决定,23.38%没能够及时到达医疗机构,有18.18%到达医院但没有得到及时的救治或救治条件有限抢救无效;产后出血为其主要死因(占66.23%),导致产后出血的主要原因为胎盘滞留(35.29%)、子宫破裂(17.65%)、副胎盘粘连(13.73%)、宫缩乏力(11.76%)等。结论:要采取多种措施促进住院分娩,加强高危筛查,建立高危孕产妇应急处理机制,加强乡卫生院产科建设。     

海南省已育二孩职业女性三孩生育意愿现状及影响因素

目的 随着国家全面三孩政策的实施,育龄女性的生育意愿成为社会关注的焦点。为了解海南省育龄女性三孩生育意愿水平及影响因素,特开展本调查。方法 本文以海南省已育二孩的职业女性为研究对象,于2021年10月1日至11月1日采用自行设计的问卷进行线上和线下调查。本次调查共发放问卷900份,剔除无效问卷后,对868份有效问卷分别进行单因素和多因素统计分析。结果 75.3%的调查对象明确没有三孩生育意愿;年龄越小（OR（95%CI）=0.33（0.12~0.64）,P=0.008）,是农村户籍（OR（95%CI）=0.44（0.23~0.67）,P=0.004）,月收入在2000~4000元（OR（95%CI）=0.55（0.27~0.85）,P=0.033）,已有孩子性别非全是男孩（OR（95%CI）=1.67（1.10~1.89）,P=0.040）的职业女性,生育三孩的意愿越强。结论 鼓励实行弹性工作制、提供福利性托育服务、完善陪产假或者育儿假制度;依法履行监督职能;对雇用女职工的企业予以减税;提高参保率、推进长期护理保险;营造现代的生育文化。     

Distress about sex: a national survey of women in heterosexual relationships

As a consequence of the impact of Viagra on male sexual dysfunction, considerable attention is now being paid to sexual dysfunctions in women, which might respond to pharmacological treatment. Should women's sexual problems be conceptualized in the same way as men's? The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of distress about sexuality among women, and examine the predictors of such distress, including aspects of the woman's sexual experience, as well as other aspects of hercurrent situation. A telephone survey of women used Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing and Telephone-Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing methodology to investigate respondents' sexual experiences in the previous month. A national probability sample was used of 987 White or Black/African American women aged 20-65 years, with English as first language, living for at least 6 months in a heterosexual relationship. The participation rate was 53.1%. Weighting was applied to increase the representativeness of the sample. A total of 24.4% of women reported marked distress about their sexual relationship and/or their own sexuality. The best predictors of sexual distress were markers of general emotional well-being and emotional relationship with the partner during sexual activity. Physical aspects of sexual response in women, including arousal, vaginal lubrication, and orgasm, were poor predictors. In general, the predictors of distress about sex did not fit well with the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction in women. These findings are compared with those from other studies involving representative samples of women, and the conceptual issues involved in the use of terms such as "sexual problem" and "sexual dysfunction" are discussed.     

Differences in breast cancer incidence in Australia and England by age,extent of disease and deprivation status: women diagnosed 1980–2002

Objective: To compare breast cancer incidence in England and Australia by age, extent of disease and deprivation. Methods: We analysed data for women aged 15–99 years diagnosed with breast cancer in England or Australia during the period 1990 to 1994, and in West Midlands or New South Wales during the period 1980 to 2002. We calculated three‐year rolling average incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) between West Midlands and New South Wales by age, extent of disease and category of deprivation. Results: Breast cancer incidence was higher in England than in Australia, and in West Midlands than in New South Wales but became more similar over time. Socio‐economic differences in incidence were greater in New South Wales than in West Midlands. The most deprived women in West Midlands were diagnosed at a later stage of disease than the most deprived women in New South Wales. Incidence among elderly women was higher in West Midlands than in New South Wales. There were also high proportions of tumours with unknown stage among elderly women in West Midlands. Conclusions: Although the overall incidence of breast cancer is similar, differences by age, extent of disease and deprivation exist. Implications: The underlying reasons for these patterns require further examination.     

二胎孕妇产后抑郁现状及相关因素分析

目的 了解二胎孕妇产后抑郁现状并探讨其相关影响因素.方法 自2016年3月1日至2017年2月1日,采用随机数字表的方法,随机抽取5家乌鲁木齐市的三级医院,将所有符合纳入标准的住院分娩的二胎孕妇作为研究对象.采用问卷调查的方法,对分娩后2~7天的二胎孕妇发放一般情况调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和社会支持评定量表以测量二胎孕妇产后抑郁状况,并探讨相关影响因素.结果 共发放861份问卷,有效问卷824份,问卷有效率为95.70%.参加调查的二胎孕妇产后抑郁患病率为34.71%,孕期增重、民族、职业、家庭月收入、婆媳关系、是否陪伴分娩、有无妊娠合并疾病、新生儿性别满意度、是否早接触早吸吮、产前焦虑状况、产前抑郁状况、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度均是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(χ2/t值分别为16.766、11.106、19.139、6.066、10.151、4.733、7.684、6.924、9.234、39.166、21.856、8.798、12.237、10.113,均P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕期增重(OR:1.803,95%CI:1.075~3.837)、无职业(OR:2.357,95%CI:1.384~4.253)、产前焦虑(OR:9.883,95%CI:6.154~8.231)和产前抑郁(OR:8.146,95%CI:5.332~7.164)这4个因素是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的危险因素;婆媳关系好(OR:0.893,95%CI:0.572~0.835)、对新生儿性别满意(OR:0.624,95%CI:0.321~0.546)、早接触早吸吮(OR:0.674,95%CI:0.441~0.683)、客观支持好(OR:0.412,95%CI:0.106~0.338)和对支持利用度好(OR:0.583,95%CI:0.239~0.482)这5个因素是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的保护因素.结论 二胎孕妇产后抑郁的患病率较高,且影响因素是多方面的,政府和相关组织及家庭成员应当关注二胎孕妇产后抑郁情况并且给予充分的社会支持,以改善二胎孕妇产后抑郁的患病现状.     

深圳市2008年高龄产妇妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨深圳市高龄产妇与不良妊娠结局的关系,为妇幼卫生政策提供依据。方法:对深圳市妇幼信息系统2008年深圳市161362例产妇资料进行分析,采用单因素分析比较不同年龄段产妇基本状况及妊娠结局,采用多因素Logistic分析产妇高龄与早产及低出生体重的关系,分析软件使用SPSS15.0。结果:深圳高龄产妇的比例逐年上升;单因素分析表明,随产妇年龄的增加,初产妇比例下降,孕前超重、肥胖比例增加,剖宫产比例增加;40岁以上产妇分娩婴儿的平均出生体重显著低于30～34岁以及35～39岁产妇,平均孕周显著低于其他年龄组,早产儿、低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿比例、围产儿死亡率在产妇各年龄段分布呈中间低两头高态势,极早早产儿、极低低出生体重儿比例均以40岁以上产妇比例最高,出生缺陷率随产妇年龄增加而增加。多因素分析显示,控制产妇户籍类型、产次、体质指数、小孩性别后,与20～29岁组相比,35～39岁组和≥40岁组产妇低出生体重儿和早产儿的危险性增加。结论:深圳市大样本研究表明产妇高龄与不良的妊娠结局有关。