大鼠脑胶质瘤伽玛刀治疗后细胞增殖和凋亡的变化

目的：探讨大鼠脑胶质瘤模型伽玛刀治疗后细胞凋亡水平和增殖活性时程变化，方法：将接种C6胶质瘤细胞的120只大鼠分为空白对照组和伽玛刀治疗组，于治疗后不同时程行流式细胞学检测和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组织化学研究，观察其细胞凋亡和增殖情况，结果：伽玛刀治疗后肿瘤细胞凋亡率较对照组显著提高（P＜0．01），并于伽玛刀照射后48h达到高峰。随时间逐渐下降；治疗组肿瘤内PCNA阳性细胞数量较对照组显著下降（P＜0．05），随时间PCNA阳性细胞数量逐渐减少，结论：大鼠脑胶质瘤伽玛刀治疗后除细胞坏死外，肿瘤细胞增殖水平下降和细胞凋亡也是伽玛刀治疗胶质瘤的机理之一。     

X-刀治疗大鼠胶质瘤的磁共振灌注成像

目的 :观察X 刀对大鼠脑胶质瘤的治疗作用 ,探讨MR灌注成像 (PWI)对X 刀治疗疗效的早期评价。方法 :2 0只SD雄性大鼠右尾状核接种C6胶质瘤细胞复制大鼠脑胶质瘤模型。治疗组 10只接种胶质瘤细胞后第 15天行X 刀治疗 ,10只对照组未行治疗 ,分别第 15天 (治疗组X 刀治疗前 )和第 17天行PWI ,计算肿瘤的相对局部脑血容量(rrCBV) ,观察治疗后肿瘤rrCBV的变化率 ,并与荷瘤鼠存活期进行回归分析。结果 :肿瘤接种成功率为 10 0 %。治疗组治疗后 48h肿瘤的rrCBV明显减小 ,其下降百分比平均为 3 5 .8%。对照组和治疗组大鼠生存期分别为 2 2 .8和 3 0 .5d ,两组间差异有显著意义。X 刀治疗后肿瘤rrCBV的下降百分比与大鼠生存期密切相关 (r =0 .82 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :X 刀治疗能延长荷胶质瘤大鼠生存期 ,PWI能在治疗后早期判断愈后     

脑外伤后氧化应激对神经细胞凋亡及c-myc蛋白表达的影响

目的　探讨氧化应激对脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡和c -myc蛋白表达的影响及c -myc基因在脑损伤神经细胞凋亡中的作用。　方法　 90只SD大鼠液压冲击致脑损伤后 ,随机分成两组 ,实验组给予单甲氧基聚乙二醇 -超氧化物歧化酶 (monomethoxypolyethleneglycolmodified -SOD ,MPEG -SOD) ,对照组给予等渗盐水 ,分别于伤后 3,12 ,2 4 ,4 8,72h采用原位末端标记法 (TdT -med iatedbiotinylated -dUTPnickendlabeling ,TUNEL)检测脑损伤区神经细胞凋亡 ,流式细胞仪检测神经细胞凋亡率 ;免疫组织化学法检测c-myc蛋白的表达。　结果　大鼠脑损伤后 3h ,在实验组和对照组均可检测到神经细胞的凋亡和c-myc蛋白的表达 ,至 2 4～ 4 8h达到高峰。实验组神经细胞凋亡率和c -myc蛋白的灰度明显较对照组低 (P <0 .0 1)。TUNEL阳性细胞数和c -myc蛋白灰度具有明显的相关性 (实验组r=0 .92 ,对照组r =0 .84 ,P <0 .0 1)。　结论　脑损伤后氧化应激诱导神经细胞凋亡和c -myc蛋白表达 ;c -myc蛋白可促进脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡     

声动力疗法促脑胶质瘤凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨声动力疗法对荷瘤鼠脑胶质瘤组织的促凋亡作用及其治疗机制。材料与方法 74只Wistar大鼠于右侧尾状核处接种C6胶质瘤细胞,制作颅内胶质瘤模型,行增强MRI筛选荷瘤鼠。依MRI结果分为对照组、血卟啉甲醚组(HMME组)、超声组和声动力组(SDT组),每组16只。声动力参数为1.0MHz、1.0W/cm2、60s超声辐照和5mg/kg血卟啉甲醚。治疗后24h行TUNEL染色检测胶质瘤细胞凋亡率,电镜检测凋亡形态学改变,免疫组化检测蛋白GFAP、S-100、Bcl-2/Bax、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Fas/Fas-L表达和Cytc释放,并记录4组大鼠生存期。结果 74只Wistar大鼠共68只成瘤,成瘤率为91.89%。与对照组[(3.20±0.72)%]比较,SDT组[(30.60±1.60)%]及超声组([14.50±0.80)%]凋亡率显著提高(P<0.05),HMME组([3.60±0.51)%]无明显凋亡发生(P>0.05);SDT组荷瘤鼠生存期长达(46.3±3.1)d,较对照组[(31.1±2.1)d]显著延长(P<0.05),超声组[(32.4±2.3)d]、HMME组[(30.1±3.0)d]生存期较对照组无明显变化(P>0.05)。电镜检测到SDT组、超声组胶质瘤细胞核固缩,染色质边集,线粒体肿胀;免疫组化显示GFAP、S-100、Bax、Caspase-3、Caspase-9呈高表达,Bcl-2、Fas-L呈低表达和Cytc释放,Fas表达无明显变化。结论声动力疗法对荷瘤鼠胶质瘤有促凋亡治疗作用,并与线粒体内源性凋亡途径密切相关。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后Caspase-3表达和神经细胞凋亡相关性研究

目的　研究大鼠脊髓损伤后半胱氨酸蛋白酶 3(Caspase 3)的表达变化 ,探讨与神经细胞凋亡发生的关系。方法　建立大鼠脊髓 (T8、T9)急性压迫损伤模型 ,损伤后 4、8小时和 1、2、3、7、1 4、2 1天免疫组化、半定量逆转录 -聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR) ,测定各时间点Caspase 3的表达变化 ;原位末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的脱氧尿苷三磷酸 (dUTP)标记法 (TUNEL法 )检测神经细胞的凋亡水平。结果　免疫组化结果显示正常大鼠脊髓神经细胞中很少有Caspase 3表达 (2 .1± 0 .5 ) ;脊髓损伤后 8小时 ,Caspase 3表达阳性的神经细胞明显增加 ,3天达到高峰 (1 89± 1 2 .7,P <0 .0 1 ) ,Caspase 3表达的阳性细胞与凋亡细胞出现的时限相似 ,呈正相关 (r=0 .94 1 )。RT PCR检测到Caspase 3mRNA 4小时开始增高 ,4 8小时达到高峰 (0 .6 34±0 .0 2 8) ,7天后恢复正常 ,早于凋亡出现的时期 ,与神经细胞凋亡水平呈正相关 (r =0 .6 2 2 )。结论　脊髓损伤后Caspase 3表达增强 ,Caspase 3参与了脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的调节     

高压氧对急性运动大鼠腓肠肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨高压氧对急性运动大鼠腓肠肌Caspase 3、Bcl-2蛋白表达与细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选用32只健康成年雄性大鼠,随机分为安静对照组、安静高压氧组、急性力竭运动组和急性运动高压氧恢复组4组。安静高压氧组于采样前应用高压氧治疗60 min;急性力竭运动组与急性运动高压氧恢复组进行坡度为10%、速度25 m/min的跑台运动至力竭,其中急性运动高压氧恢复组运动后应用高压氧恢复60 min。对4组大鼠腓肠肌进行HE染色,应用免疫组化技术测定Bcl-2蛋白与Caspase 3蛋白表达。结果:急性力竭运动组大鼠腓肠肌细胞出现凋亡的形态结构改变,急性运动高压氧恢复组细胞凋亡现象较急性力竭运动组明显减少;急性力竭运动组和急性运动高压氧恢复组Bcl-2蛋白阳性率显著高于安静对照组,急性运动高压氧恢复组Bcl-2蛋白阳性率高于急性力竭运动组;急性力竭运动组和急性运动高压氧恢复组大鼠腓肠肌Caspase 3蛋白阳性率显著高于安静对照组,急性运动高压氧恢复组Caspase 3蛋白阳性率显著低于急性力竭运动组。结论:高压氧疗法能促进急性力竭运动大鼠腓肠肌Bcl-2蛋白表达,抑制Caspase 3蛋白表达,减少腓肠肌的细胞凋亡。     

AZT对大鼠种植性肝癌细胞凋亡及bax蛋白和PCNA表达影响的研究

目的:观测端粒酶抑制剂3'-叠氮-3'-脱氧胸腺核苷(AZT)对大鼠种植性肝癌组织细胞凋亡及bax蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响,探讨其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的可能机制.材料和方法:对Walker-256荷瘤大鼠行直视下瘤内注射AZT6天后观测肿瘤细胞凋亡率并采用免疫组化EnVision法检测肿瘤组织中bax蛋白及PC-NA的表达,并与对照组进行对照.结果:AZT组及对照组肿瘤细胞凋亡率分别为(12.439±0.802)%、(3.903±0.182)%,AZT组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);对照组bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率分别为(16.851±10.064)%和(54.234±24.589)%,AZT组bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率为(39.279±17.041)%和(27.278±13.961)%,经AZT处理后bax蛋白表达被明显调高(P＜0.05),PCNA表达明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:AZT能调高大鼠walker-256肿瘤组织bax蛋白的表达,抑制PCNA表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

手术切除联合ALA-PDT治疗Fisher大鼠9L胶质瘤的实验研究

目的 观察手术切除联合ALA-PDT治疗Fisher344大鼠9L脑胶质瘤的效果并探讨其作用机制.方法 32只Fisher 344大鼠颅内种植9L脑胶质瘤细胞7 d后,随机分为对照组(未治疗)、手术组(近全切除颅内肿瘤)、PDT组(5-ALA 300 mg/kg,激光能量密度80 J/cm2)和联合治疗组(手术切除+PDT),每组8只鼠.治疗后7 d处死所有动物并取出脑组织,常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色分析肿瘤体积和浸润瘤灶,以Ki67免疫组化染色和TUNEL染色方法分别分析胶质瘤细胞的增殖和凋亡.结果 与对照组比较,手术组和PDT组的肿瘤体积明显减小.与手术组和PDT组相比,联合治疗既能缩小肿瘤体积又可以减少浸润瘤灶.无论是否联合手术,PDT均能增加凋亡的肿瘤细胞数,单纯手术对凋亡的肿瘤细胞无影响.各组之间肿瘤细胞的增殖(Ki67阳性表达率)无显著性差异.结论 PDT通过增加凋亡的肿瘤细胞数,杀灭浸润的肿瘤病灶,提高手术的治疗效果.     

不同活度125I粒子植入抑制兔VX2肝癌机制研究

目的：探讨125I粒子组织间植入诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制。比较不同活度125I粒子组织间植入诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用强度。方法将24只兔VX2肝癌模型随机分为3组,分别植入不同初始活度的125I粒子：0 mCi组（对照组,n=8）、0.7 mCi组（n=8）及1.0 mCi组（n=8）。5周后处死实验兔,取出肿瘤病灶,检测125I粒子对肿瘤细胞凋亡、肿瘤生长相关因子表达的影响及caspase-3活性改变。结果不同初始活度125I粒子均可使肿瘤细胞凋亡率上升, Bcl-2、VEGF表达下调,Bax表达上调,1.0 mCi 125I粒子组作用均更加明显（P＜0.05）。不同初始活度125I粒子可增加肿瘤组织中caspase-3活性,两治疗组间差异无明显统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论125I粒子植入后不仅通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡抑制肿瘤生长、增殖,还影响凋亡相关基因及编码蛋白表达,抑制肿瘤细胞新生血管生成。     

Caspases在消炎痛所致胃黏膜细胞凋亡中的作用

目的　研究大鼠在体情况下消炎痛(IND) 所致胃黏膜细胞凋亡过程中caspase 3、8基因及蛋白表达的变化,以探讨其黏膜损伤机制。方法　SD大鼠以不同剂量IND(30、60、90、120mg/kg)灌胃后3h处死,另设对照组。采用TUNEL标记技术检测黏膜细胞凋亡;分别采用原位分子杂交和RT PCR检测caspase 3基因表达的变化,应用免疫组化方法同步检测caspase 3、8蛋白表达的变化。结果　TUNEL标记显示对照组大鼠胃黏膜仅见少量凋亡细胞,IND组凋亡细胞数明显增加,计算机图像分析显示阳性细胞平均像素点在IND 30、60、90、120mg/kg组分别为对照组的6 3、8 0、12 6和17 1倍(P<0 01);原位分子杂交显示,caspase 3 mRNA在对照组胃黏膜呈弱阳性表达,IND 30~90mg/kg组呈中等至强阳性,120mg/kg组呈强阳性表达,与对照组相比均有显著差异(P<0 01), caspase 3 mRNA表达变化同细胞凋亡之间呈明显正相关(r=0 9642,P<0 01);RT PCR显示对照组胃黏膜中caspase 3 mR NA表达量极少,IND各剂量组的caspase 3/βactin吸光度比值较对照组明显升高(P<0 01);免疫组化染色显示对照组胃黏膜caspase 3、8蛋白均呈弱阳性表达,caspase 3表达水平强于caspase 8(P<0 05),IND使caspase 3、8蛋白表达呈中等至强阳性,明显高于对照组(P<0 05),IND各剂量组caspase 3     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）