拱桥式弹性椎弓根固定器的研制与生物力学评价

目的 分析自行研制的新型椎弓根固定器性能。方法 对拱桥式弹性椎弓根固定器(ABPF)进行生物力学测试,并与对照组(RF、Steffee、Dick)对比分析。结果 ABPF在应变、应力、位移、强度、刚度方面均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 ABPF利用特有的拱形钢板和钉板角能对脊柱骨折产生过伸折顶复位与纵向撑开复位,降低了复位过程中椎弓根钉压缩负荷。术后对脊柱骨折产生持续向前的推力与弹性固定,对防止后凸畸形复发和椎体高度丢失具有重要意义。     

后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折临床观察

目的探讨后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段椎体骨折的方法及临床效果。方法经后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗的31例胸腰段椎体骨折回顾性分析患者临床资料。结果 31例手术均顺利,术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,Cobb’s角由平均29.5°矫正至平均4.5°,椎体前缘高度由平均51%恢复至96%。随访12~20个月,骨折脱位复位满意,内固定物顺利取出,无钉棒折断、脊柱畸形等。8例不完全性神经损伤者不同程度恢复。结论后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段椎体骨折,符合脊柱稳定生物力学要求,复位良好,固定可靠,效果肯定。     

椎弓根固定系统对脊柱稳定性的疗效评价

目的探讨椎弓根固定系统对脊柱稳定性的影响.方法对胸腰椎不稳定性骨折80例及腰椎滑脱12例分别采用Diek钉、AF钉、Steffee钢板、C-D棒系统、TSRH系统固定.术后定期随访观察,并通过X线平片测量椎体高度及复位情况.结果脊柱骨折组椎体或椎间隙高度完全恢复64例,占80%,未完全恢复16例,占20%.神经功能恢复优良率85%.腰椎滑脱组复位率95%,融合率为80.5%,优良率90%.结论选择椎弓根固定系统治疗外伤性脊柱不稳定性骨折及腰椎滑脱疗效确切,结果令人满意.     

经后路椎弓根钉内固定器治疗下腰椎骨折

目的探讨经后路椎弓根钉、内固定器治疗下腰椎(L3～5)骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析48例采用经后路切开复位椎弓根钉、内固定器治疗下腰椎骨折的临床资料。结果术后及随访(取钉后)时椎体前高,椎体后高,椎管大小均显著恢复,神经功能障碍明显改善。结论经后路切开复位椎弓根钉固定椎管后外侧植骨融合手术治疗下腰椎爆裂性骨折,能达到骨折复位、愈合、椎板减压、椎管塑形良好及重建脊柱稳定性的目的 。     

经伤椎置钉辅以椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨方法 治疗21例老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折,均为单节段椎体骨折.结果 随访12～24个月,平均16个月.术前Cobb角、伤椎前后缘高度比分别是310、38.5%,术后分别是2.50、95%,术前术后差别有统计学意义.术后摄片复查,所有骨折复位及椎体高度恢复满意,术后随访均未见伤椎高度明显丢失和内固定松动、断裂现象发生.结论 经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折,不仅骨折复位及椎体高度恢复满意,而且降低了内固定松动和断裂概率,是治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折的有效方法.     

椎弓根固定系统对脊柱稳定性的疗效评价

目的：探讨椎弓根固定系统对脊柱稳定性的影响。方法：对胸腰椎不稳定性骨折80例及腰椎滑脱12例分别采用Dick钉。AF钉，Steffee钢板，C-D棒系统，TSRH系统固定。术后定期随访观察。并通过X线平片测量椎体高度及复位情况。结果：脊柱骨折组椎体或椎间隙高度完全恢复64例。占80%，未完全恢复16例，占20%。神经功能恢复优良率85%。腰椎滑脱组复位率95%。融合率为80.5%。优良率90%。结论：选择椎弓根固定系统治疗外伤性脊柱不稳定性骨折及腰椎滑脱疗效确切。结果令人满意。     

经椎弓根椎体内植骨椎弓根钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的　探讨经椎弓根椎体内植骨椎弓根钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法和效果。方法　对 5 8例胸腰椎骨折在椎弓根钉复位固定的同时 ,用自制植骨推注器经椎弓根椎体内植骨结合中后路植骨治疗 ,术后卧床 2～ 3周 ,腰背肌锻炼、腰围固定。结果　本组随访 2个月～ 2年 3个月 ,优良率达 81% ,全部患者均在术后 2～ 3周活动 ,无断钉、断杆、松动、椎体再压缩等并发症。评价有两个方面 :①影像学评价 :包括椎体高度的恢复 ,椎管侵占率的恢复 ,脊柱矢状面的Cobb角。 4 7例患者椎体骨折基本达到解剖复位 ,远期复查椎体高度无丢失情况。②神经功能和临床评价 :4 1例合并神经损伤的病人Franke评级平均提高 1 5 1级 ,脊柱无明显畸行 ,无严重腰痛和下肢疼。结论　RF、AF、SF椎弓根系统对胸腰椎骨折具有良好的复位和固定作用 ,经椎弓根椎体内植骨在后路手术不加大创伤的同时 ,能即时增加椎体的骨容量和脊柱前柱的抗压稳定性 ,使病人能早期活动 ,减少内固定物因应力过大造成的断钉、断杆 ,椎体再压缩等并发症。     

经伤椎置椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎椎体骨折脱位

[目的]探讨经伤椎置椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎椎体骨折脱位疗效。[方法]30例胸腰段椎体骨折脱位经后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定,联合伤椎置钉内固定,椎管减压,横突间或者侧后方植骨,恢复骨折椎体高度,纠正胸腰椎序列,重建脊柱稳定。通过术前、术后2周、8个月摄X线片,测量伤椎椎体前缘高度的比值和Cobb角,了解术后骨折复位以及随访期间内固定有无失败和复位丢失情况。[结果]本组病例经过术后6～8个月的随访,平均11.4个月,患者骨折均达到临床骨性愈合,术前对比术后2周伤椎椎体前缘高度的比值和Cobbs角较术前有明显改善(P<0.05),术后8个月对比术后2周比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]经伤椎置钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位,能够很好的对伤椎进行复位,恢复脊柱序列,增加固定椎的牢固性,也避免了术后椎体高度丢失,内固定器械松动,断裂等并发症,是一种有效的手术治疗方法。     

骨水泥强化椎弓根钉钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根钉钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2007年8月～2011年2月收治的11例伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,平均56.1岁,无重大基础病存在,经脊柱后入路椎弓根钉撑开复位,钉道采用骨水泥灌注加强。术后随访7个月～42个月,平均27月。结果 均耐受手术,平均手术时间为92.7±5.3min,平均失血量为270±6.1ml,术后腰背痛明显改善,椎体高度恢复至90%左右,随访椎体高度角度丢失不明显,内固定无断裂、移位。结论 应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉道治疗伴骨质疏松胸腰椎爆裂骨折,矫正及维持椎体复位效果好,完备的围手术期治疗、手术技巧的掌握和骨质疏松药物治疗是关键。     

后路椎弓根钉系统固定加经椎弓根人工骨植入术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

[目的]评价后路椎弓根钉系统固定加经椎弓根植入人工骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效,探讨其适应证的选择。[方法]采用爆裂性骨折的Denis分类,对26例无瘫痪胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者实施后路椎弓根钉系统撑开复位内固定后经椎弓根植入人工骨(NovaBone又名固骼生)进行治疗。26例患者均为单一节段椎体骨折,椎体的破坏程度采用McCormack的LSC评分。[结果]26例病人术后疼痛均明显缓解(VAS评分改善),椎体高度和形态得到明显恢复(Cobb角平均改善11.5°)。经术后平均20.5个月随访,疼痛均消失,骨折均达到满意复位并愈合,无Cobb角加大,未发现明显并发症。[结论]后路椎弓根钉系统固定加经椎弓根植骨术能及时增加椎体的骨容量和脊柱前柱的抗压稳定性,使患者早期活动,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、断杆、椎体再压缩等并发症,是一种治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法。此方法适用于椎体压缩程度大、或合并有骨质疏松的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者。     

Long-term results of various therapy concepts in severe pilon fractures

Introduction Intra-articular fractures of the tibia plafond are among the most challenging of orthopaedic problems. This is a retrospective case-control study of surgically treated pilon fractures which was undertaken to compare the internal fixation with the two external fixation methods. Methods This is a case-control study of 55 patients with 55 pilon fractures. There were 36 type C and 19 type B. Of these fractures, 24 were open and 31 closed. Three surgical protocols were used. In 20 patients, Group A, a half pin external fixator with ankle spanning was performed. The mean age of patients was 42.0 years (22.0–74.0), SD 14.1 and the mean follow-up was 77.7 months (38.0–132.0), SD 25.4. In 22 patients, Group B, a single ankle sparring ring hybrid external fixator under a small arthrotomy was performed. The mean age of patients was 48.4 years (28.0–76.0), SD 12.4 and mean follow-up was 67.9 months (36.0–132.0), SD 27.8. In 13 patients, Group C, a two-staged internal fixation was performed. The mean age was 45.6 years (30.0–66.0), SD 9.7 and the mean follow-up was 78.6 months (55.0–132.0), SD 25.4. We addressed the dissimilarity of the type of fracture in each group performing supplementary stratified analyses within each fracture type group. Results Group A had union in 6.9 months, group B in 5.6 months and group C in 5.1 months; P = 0.009. Six patients (Group A), two (Group B), and one (Group C) had limitation of ankle motion; P = 0.47. One patient from group C developed infection and the plate was removed. Four patients (Group A), one (Group B), and one (Group C) have developed posttraumatic arthritis (loss of joint space and pain); P = 0.25. Seven patients from Group A have reduced their activities; P = 0.004. In stratified statistical analysis by type of fracture, the associations noted for both fracture groups combined were also noted separately within each fracture group. Conclusion In this long term follow-up study, the two-staged internal fixation and the hybrid fixation with small arthrotomy were equally efficacious in achieving bone union. Patients in external fixation with the ankle spanning had a significantly higher rate of delayed union. Also more patients in this group have reduced their activities. Meeting at which the paper was presented: International Annual Meeting Of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003, Greece.     

骨外固定加压治疗胫骨干骨不连

目的 :通过观察半环槽式外固定器治疗胫骨骨不连的治疗效果 ,评价加压外固定对骨损伤修复的作用。方法 :采用半环槽式外固定器骨外加压固定治疗胫骨干骨不连 49例 (男 37例 ,女 12例 ) ,骨不连时间为 7～ 132个月。其中 7例感染性骨不连偏侧性骨缺损者 ,行病灶清除开放性植骨 ;5例感染性骨不连行病灶清除、内固定物取出、小腿皮瓣转位 ;10例骨不连、骨缺损伴伤肢短缩者 ,行胫骨干骺端截骨或骨骺牵伸延长。结果 :植骨全部成活 ,创面植皮获Ⅰ期愈合 ,肢体延长幅度 4.5～ 13 .5cm ,平均 7.5cm ,达到预期目标 ,49例患者均于术后 2 .5～ 10个月 ,获得骨愈合 ,平均 5 .4个月。结论 :骨外固定加压治疗胫骨干骨不连不仅具有确实的效果 ,而且有以下优点 :(1)方法简便、创伤小、局部血运干扰少 ;(2 )在局部感染的条件下仍可使用 ;(3)骨端始终保持有均匀的压应力和肢体功能锻炼时产生的生理应力刺激 ,有利于促进骨愈合 ;(4)可配合肢体延长联合使用 ,既治愈了骨不连 ,又均衡了双下肢长度 ,有利于肢体功能恢复。     

Mechanical Testing of Seven Fixation Methods for Generation of Compression Across a Midtarsal Osteotomy: A Comparison of Internal and External Fixation Devices

The purpose of this study was to assess 7 methods of fixation for a midtarsal osteotomy. Polyurethane foam models (N = 6) and cadaver specimens (N = 4-7) were used to examine the force generated by the different constructs of fixation. A midtarsal osteotomy was performed on each specimen in the test groups. The osteotomies were fixated either with 2 parallel 0.062-in Kirschner wires and 40-mm-long, 4-mm partially threaded, cancellous, cannulated titanium screws, an external ring fixator (frame), a frame with wires tensioned (tension), a frame with wires tensioned and compressed toward the osteotomy (tension and compression), a frame with tension, compression, and parallel Kirschner wires, or a frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, respectively. Each model was fixated, and the force generated by the construct across the osteotomy was recorded via the use of pressure-sensitive film. Statistical analysis of the data in the polyurethane foam group determined that the use of frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 parallel cannulated screws was statistically superior to 1) frame, 2) frame with tension, 3) 2 parallel Kirschner wires, 4) two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, and 5) frame with tension and compression. A cadaver study determined that the frame with tension, compression, and 2 parallel Kirschner wires was statistically superior to 1) frame and 2) two parallel Kirschner wires. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the force generated by the type of fixation construct across a midtarsal osteotomy.     

Bone healing after metal plate fixation and external fixation of the osteotomized rabbit tibia

Controversy still exists as to the best method of treatment of long bone fractures. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects on the healing bone of external fixation and metal plate fixation. In an experimental model on the rabbit tibia the stiffness of the fixation corresponded intentionally to that of the same methods in human fracture treatment.

A transverse, midshaft osteotomy was made on one tibia, and fixed with a steel plate (45 × 5 × 1 mm) or external mini-fixation. The animals were killed after 4, 6 or 12 weeks. The bone healing was evaluated by radiography, histology and biomechanical testing in three-point bending. There were no significant differences between plate fixation and external fixation in the pattern of bone healing, as it occurred by periosteal, in-tramedullary and intercortical callus after both methods. The stiffness increased more rapidly than the strength, and reached normal values after about 6 weeks. No significant differences in stiffness between the two methods were found. The strength was significantly greater after plate fixation than after external fixation at 6 weeks, while no significant differences were found at either 4 or 12 weeks.

It is concluded that the speed of bone healing was more rapid after plate fixation. However, in the later stages of healing the plated bones were secondarily weakened because of the stress-protecting effect of the plate.     

Ensuring precision in lower limb deformity correction through a combination of temporary external fixation followed by internal fixation: Results of a retrospective study

Background:

It is important to plan preoperatively when contemplating internal fixation following deformity correction. Surgeons often find it difficult to retain the achieved correction till the end of internal fixation. To maintain precise correction we used hybrid technique which uses both external and internal fixation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this hybrid technique in achieving and retaining desired correction.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the magnitude of deformity with radiological parameters. We compared correction which was planned and correction which was achieved. The technique was used during surgery for corrective osteotomies. Before carrying out the osteotomy, rail fixator with two swivel clamps was applied. After osteotomy swivel clamps were loosened. Desired correction was achieved. While fixator held the fragments in corrected position, definitive internal fixation was carried out. External fixator was removed after completion of internal fixation. Position of mechanical axis ratio, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle were measured before and 12 weeks after surgery. Student t-test was used to analyze the difference between correction which was planned and correction which was achieved.

Results:

There was no statistical difference between the desired correction and the correction achieved.

Conclusions:

Temporary use of external fixator while correcting angular deformities of lower limb allows to achieve accurate correction.     

夹板固定内翻位锻炼治疗踝部旋前外旋型Ⅲ度骨折

目的 探讨内翻位锻炼对距骨、内踝关节间隙的影响。方法 手法整复后,在小夹板的轻度内翻内旋微跖屈位固定下,每日将足放在内翻位进行稍用力的内翻活动10余次,每次10－15分钟,持续内翻锻炼4周。结果 25例患者的距骨、内踝的关节间隙均正常,腓骨、内踝均对位良好或佳,1例好转,全部有效。结论 及早进行内翻的功能锻炼,可使外翻分离的内踝骨折逐步复位,使踝关节功能早日恢复。     

骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的 :探讨骨盆骨折各种手术方法的适应证及治疗效果。方法 :选择 3 2例骨盆骨折手术治疗病人 ,根据Tile’s分型及病人情况选择手术方法。多发伤、Tile’sB型早期 (平均 6.2h )行骨折闭合复位及外固定架固定 ,单纯骨盆骨折、Tile’sC型在伤后 5～ 7d行开放复位 ,用 3 .5～ 4.5mm重建钢板、拉力螺钉固定。结果 :本组 3 0例得到随访 ,平均随访 2 3 .4个月 ,骨折均愈合良好 ,肢体功能恢复良好。结论 :对于骨盆骨折 ,无论采取哪一种治疗方法 ,只要适应证选择得当 ,均能获得良好效果。     

肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折的手术适应证与手术复位内固定的临床效果。方法自1998年2月至2003年6月，对一组26例经手术复位内固定治疗的肩胛骨骨折患者进行回顾性分析，骨折按Hardegger分型，肩胛体部骨折14处，肩胛颈部骨折12处，其中解剖颈骨折1处，外科颈骨折11处，肩胛冈骨折5处，肩峰骨折4处，肩胛盂窝骨折5处。手术入路采用肩胛骨外侧缘入路17例，肩关节后方入路9例。术后早期行功能锻炼。结果本组26例均获随访，随访时间为12～56个月，平均30．5个月。X线片显示，所有患者均在8～12周达到骨性愈合，平均9周。根据Hardeg—ger功能评定标准评定，优16例，良7例，可2例，差1例，优良率为88．5％。术后创伤性关节炎2例，异位骨化1例，无伤口感染和骨不连。结论手术治疗肩胛骨骨折恢复了肩关节的动力平衡和稳定性，是一种安全可靠的治疗方法．合理的运用手术入路和内固定方式，早期行功能锻炼，可取得满意的临床疗效。     

Pilon骨折三种不同治疗方法疗效探讨

目的探讨Pilon骨折的三种不同治疗方法临床适应证及其疗效评价。方法对2000年2月至2006年3月间治疗的63例Pilon骨折患者进行回顾性分析。其中开放性损伤15例，闭合性损伤48例。根据骨折类型与周围软组织损伤程度，分别采用三种不同治疗方法：跟骨牵引加小夹板固定组（29例）均为闭合性骨折，内固定组（23例），外固定器组（11例）。结果所有患者均获得随访，随访8～31个月（平均15．3个月），骨愈合时间8～14周，平均10周。按Helfet疗效评价标准，本组优良者57例（90．5％），其中Ⅰ型骨折优良者26例，Ⅱ型骨折优良者15例，Ⅲ型骨折优良者16例。结论根据骨折类型及软组织条件，恰当选择固定方法是取得Pilon骨折满意疗效的关键，可有效避免并发症的发生。     

动力跨关节型外固定架在不稳定性桡骨远端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的效果.方法 应用手法复位或辅以内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗35例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,骨折愈合后拆除外固定架.结果 随访6～16个月,骨折愈合时间7～9周.最后一次随访时,按Cooney腕关节评分系统(包括疼痛、功能状况、腕关节活动度、握力):优18例,良14例,可1例,优良率为91.4%.结论 手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗桡骨远端骨折既能使骨折复位、固定满意,又有利于术后早期手和腕部的功能康复锻炼,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.