宫颈环形电切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变对妊娠结局影响的临床研究

目的:探讨宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)对妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取2006年8月至2011年2月因CIN在重庆市妇幼保健院宫颈专科接受LEEP治疗,并有生育计划的患者228例,同时选取同期有生育计划的健康妇女400例作为对照组,随访两组妇女妊娠情况.结果:①实验组228例患者共获得179次妊娠,受孕率78.51％,对照组共获得321次妊娠,受孕率80.25％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②实验组92例患者妊娠时限超过20周;对照组225例妊娠时限超过20周,两组孕妇在妊娠时间、早产率、新生儿体重、胎膜早破发生率、宫颈裂伤率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③实验组剖宫产率为79.12％(72/91),明显高于对照组(54.67％,123/225),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).去除以社会因素为指征的剖宫产患者,两组剖宫产率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).④实验组中宫颈锥切深度与分娩孕周呈负相关(r=-0.438,P＜0.05).结论:LEEP治疗CIN是可行的,正确掌握手术适应证与手术切除深度与范围,对其后的妊娠结局无明显影响.     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变患者行宫颈环切术对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者行宫颈环切术对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析1995年5月～2002年4月因宫颈上皮内瘤变行宫颈环切术27例患者的妊娠结局。结果占同期宫颈环切术手术的13．3％(27／203),患者年龄为23～40岁,中位年龄为30．3岁。27例中,10例因计划生育行人工流产术,1例异位妊娠,2例妊娠6～8周自然流产。14例足月分娩,其中阴道分娩9例。剖宫产5例。所有分娩孕妇的分娩孕周均大于38周,胎儿体重2905～4000g。新生儿1分钟Apgar评分：9分2例;10分12例,无新生儿窒息。结论宫颈环切术是治疗子宫颈上皮内瘤变的安全有效方法,只要掌握手术指征和手术切除范围,对其后的妊娠生育是安全的。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变合并阴道上皮内瘤变临床特征分析

目的:探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)合并阴道上皮内瘤变(VAIN)的临床特点及危险因素。方法:收集承德医学院附属医院妇产科634例CIN患者的临床资料,其中49例CIN合并VAIN,585例CIN。对比分析两组患者的临床特征,logistic回归多因素分析CIN合并VAIN的独立危险因素。结果:CIN合并VAIN组患者的中位年龄56岁,绝经后患者占85.7%,CIN组患者的中位年龄38岁,绝经后患者占16.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIN合并VAIN组中,95.9%的患者具有HPV感染,其中多重HPV感染占57.1%,多重HPV感染率明显高于CIN组(35.4%)(P<0.05)。两组患者均以HPV16型感染最常见,CIN合并VAIN组中感染最多的依次为HPV16、52、66、58、53型,CIN组依次为HPV16、58、52、33、18型。多因素分析显示,年龄是CIN合并VAIN的独立危险因素(OR=1.245,P<0.05)。VAIN3患者的TCT较多为HSIL和ASC-H,VAIN1较多为ASCUS和LSIL。CIN分级与VAIN分级具有一致...     

宫颈电环切除术对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者妊娠结局的影响

近年来随着液基超薄涂片(TCT)、计算机辅助细胞学检测(CCT)等细胞学新技术和阴道镜在妇产科的广泛应用,宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervica lintraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)检出率明显增加。CIN已成为生育年龄妇女常见的妇科疾病之一[1]。CIN反映宫颈癌发生发展的连续过程,是宫颈癌的高危因素[2]。故宫颈癌防治的重点在于CIN的早期诊断及治疗。宫颈电环切除术(LEEP术)治疗CIN已被全世界推广使用,相对于其他传统手术其具有手术时间短、费用低、出血少、疼痛轻及感染率低等特点[3]。     

妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变18例分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的诊断方法、处理原则、追踪方法和病情变化,初步了解此类患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染情况.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年3月在北京大学第一医院妇产科分娩的妊娠合并CIN的18例患者的临床资料.结果 18例患者均完整进行"三阶梯"诊断.妊娠合并CIN检出率为0.16%.18例均行保守观察处理,孕期每3个月复查1次官颈细胞学及阴道镜检查,孕期无疾病进展.妊娠期病理诊断CIN14例、CIN24例、CIN310例.10例CIN3患者中4例产后复查仍示CIN3,1例产后复查为CIN2,此5例患者均于产后6～8周确诊后行宫颈电刀切除手术,且术后6～11个月细胞学检查恢复正常,另1例产后细胞学为高度鳞状上皮病变(HSIL),后失访,其余患者病理活检降级或细胞学正常;8例CIN1及CIN2产后病理活检诊断均降级或细胞学正常.18例患者中14例于孕期检测HPV,其中12例(85.7%)阳性,此12例中7例产后复查HPV,6例仍阳性.18例中剖宫产14例(77.8%),胎膜早破4例(22.2%),新生儿低出生体重1例,无新生儿窒息或新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生.结论 宫颈"三阶梯"诊断方式对于诊断妊娠合并CIN是安全的.妊娠期未见CIN病情进展.妊娠期CIN保守观察处理未见妊娠不良结局.     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级冷刀锥切术后妊娠结局

目的探讨子宫颈冷刀锥切术(cold-knife conization,CKC)对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年6月因子宫颈上皮内瘤变III级(cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅢ,CINⅢ)行冷刀锥切术的41例(锥切组)患者的妊娠结局,并将其与同期无宫颈病变治疗史妊娠分娩的4 446例孕妇(对照组)进行比较。结果 41例患者中,3～6个月内妊娠者5例,6～12个月妊娠者17例,12～24个月妊娠者14例,2年后妊娠者5例。7例孕早期行人工流产,2例孕早期自然流产,1例晚期流产,31例成功分娩(75.61%),其中5例(16.13%)早产,26例(83.87%)足月分娩;阴道分娩23例,无宫颈性难产,剖宫产8例。与对照组比较,锥切组的妊娠时限短于对照组(P0.001);锥切组早产率高于对照组[8.57%(381/4 446)](P0.01);锥切组胎膜早破率[19.35%(6/31)]高于对照组[7.11%(316/4 446)](P0.01);锥切组早产胎膜早破[9.68%(3/31)]高于对照组[1.17%(52/4 446)](P0.001);新生儿出生体重2 511～4 050 g,无新生儿窒息。两组新生儿出生体重比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);宫颈裂伤和分娩方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫颈冷刀锥切术是孕中期流产、早产和早产胎膜早破的高危因素,不增加宫颈裂伤的发生率,不影响分娩方式。     

妊娠期宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊疗策略

目前国内外妊娠期宫颈癌初筛主要基于孕12～20周的细胞学筛查,细胞学异常的检出率受受试人群和医院的细胞病理学医生水平影响。妊娠期宫颈细胞学异常的孕妇,直接转诊阴道镜或进一步经人乳头瘤病毒分型检测分流后转诊阴道镜检查,可疑宫颈癌前病变者行宫颈活检、可疑浸润癌者行宫颈锥切等方法分层诊断。在排除宫颈浸润癌的前提下,妊娠期宫颈上皮内瘤变的处理原则以随访为主,而不建议在妊娠期开展治疗。     

LEEP术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变对妊娠母儿相关结局影响的Meta分析

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）行宫颈环形电切术（loop electrosurgical excision procedure,LEEP）治疗对妊娠母儿相关结局的影响。方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、万方、维普等电子数据库发表的有关CIN行LEEP治疗对妊娠母儿结局影响的病例对照研究,采用Revman 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果：共纳入40篇病例对照研究,共9 002例病例,其中病例组4 196例、对照组4 806例。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,CIN患者LEEP术后妊娠情况如下。（1）妊娠早、中期相关结局：流产（RR=1.34,９5%CI：1.14～1.57,P＜0.05）风险增加,而受孕率、引产率及异位妊娠率差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;（2）妊娠晚期相关结局：① 孕产妇方面,早产（RR=1.60,95%CI：1.37～1.86,P＜0.05）、未足月胎膜早破（RR=2.72,95%CI：1.46～5.07,P＜0.05）风险明显增加,而胎膜早破、剖宫产、前置胎盘及产后出血的发生率差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;② 围生儿方面,低出生体质量儿发生率（RR=1.35,95%CI：1.10～1.66,P＜0.05）增加,而胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息及新生儿病死率差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;③分娩方式及其并发症方面,LEEP术不增加急产、产钳与胎头吸引助产及宫颈裂伤的风险（均P＞0.05）。结论：LEEP术增加流产、早产、未足月胎膜早破及低出生体质量儿发生的风险。对于有生育要求的CIN患者,LEEP术前应充分告知妊娠不良结局的风险。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变复发问题

高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）采用物理治疗或手术切除后,仍然存在复发的风险。CIN术后复发主要与手术方式、手术切缘状况、累及腺体、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）持续感染以及局部免疫状态有关,年龄可作为一个术前预测指标。术后严密随访,及早确诊病灶残留或复发,采用扩大切除范围或行全子宫切除,避免漏诊和过度治疗。     

The effect of second trimester emergency cervical cerclage on perinatal outcome

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of emergency cervical cerclage and to determine predictors of failure or success in women with cervical incompetence. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for clinical and demographic data, gestational age at time of cerclage, cerclage–delivery interval, gestational age at time of delivery; and birth weight. Predictors of success and failure were analyzed. Result: Forty-three pregnant women between 18 and 25 weeks of gestation were recruited. The mean gestational age at time of cerclage was 21 weeks. The mean cerclage–delivery interval was 64 days. The mean gestation at delivery was 31 weeks and the mean neonatal birth weight was 2166 g. Whether cerclage done before or after 20 weeks, the difference in cerclage–delivery interval was insignificant while the difference in gestational age at time of delivery and neonatal birth weight was significant. Presence of infection, presence of symptoms, membranes through the cervix and dilated cervix >3 cm are frequently associated with failure. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage is effective in prolonging pregnancy and improving neonatal outcome in patient with cervical incompetence. However, large prospective randomized controlled studies are recommended.     

Pregnancy outcome in patients treated with cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective

To examine the causal contribution of conization to premature delivery.

Methods

This was a retrospective, case-control, multicenter study of women who underwent conization in 5 hospitals in the Basque Country (Spain) from 1998 to 2007. Three study groups were established: group A, post-conization infant deliveries; control group B, pre-conization infant deliveries; and control group C, infant deliveries without conization.

Results

Comparing group A with group C, there was a higher rate of preterm delivery before 35 weeks (5.3% versus 1.6%), a lower mean birth weight (3156.2 g versus 3328.5 g), and a greater prevalence of infants under 2500 g (10.6% versus 3.7%). There were no significant differences between group A and group B: preterm delivery before 35 weeks (5.3% versus 4.8%), mean birth weight (3156.2 g versus 3119.4 g), and prevalence of infants under 2500 g (10.6% versus 10.6%).

Conclusion

Pregnancy in women post-conization was associated with a risk of preterm delivery. However, there were no significant differences between women who underwent conization before and those who underwent conization after delivery. Cervical conization does not necessarily increase the risk of preterm delivery in subsequent pregnancy. Conization should be considered an indicator of such risk because it is associated with pregnancy complications arising from socio-epidemiologic factors present in women requiring conization that are also present in women who have premature delivery.     

宫颈锥切术在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样病变和早期宫颈癌中的价值

目的探讨宫颈锥切术能否被阴道镜多点活检所代替以及宫颈锥切术在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）和早期宫颈癌中的价值。方法回顾分析近5年来,在江苏大学附属宜兴医院妇产科因宫颈病变同时行阴道镜多点活检和宫颈锥切术（包括冷刀和电圈环切术即LEEP术）的患者120例,采用自身对照法,对比研究宫颈锥切术和阴道镜多点活检的病检结果的差异。结果宫颈锥切术与阴道镜下多点活检病理符合者59例（49．17％）;不符合者61例（50．83％）,宫颈锥切术后病理诊断加重者35例（占29．17％）,浸润癌漏诊率达10．00％。宫颈锥切术的主要并发症为出血。结论宫颈锥切术在诊断CIN和早期宫颈癌具有重要价值,不能被阴道镜多点活检所取代。要重视切缘是否阳性和加强术后的随访。     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变治疗过度与不足的得失分析

子宫颈上皮内瘤变是子宫颈癌的癌前病变,合理干预子宫颈上皮内瘤变是防治子宫颈癌的主要措施之一。文章就子宫颈上皮内瘤变干预过程出现的治疗过度与不足的原因和结果加以剖析,以期待有效阻断病变发展。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变LEEP治疗后转归相关因素分析

目的对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者在LEEP术后转归的影响因素进行探讨分析。方法回顾性分析内蒙古医科大学附属医院妇产科2008年1月至2010年12月,219例行LEEP手术的CIN患者,随访1年以上,收集所有相关资料,并进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果多因素分析显示年龄≥50岁、高危HPV持续感染和LEEP术后标本切缘阳性、病变累及宫颈腺体是LEEP术后病灶复发的独立危险因素。结论 CIN患者经LEEP治疗前HR-HPV多重感染者治疗后复发率明显增高。年龄≥50岁、切缘阳性、高危HPV持续感染,累及腺体是影响LEEP术后CIN患者转归的危险因素。     

宫颈腺上皮内瘤样病变的临床分析

目的　探讨宫颈腺上皮内瘤样病变 (cervicalglandularintraepithelialneoplasia ,CGIN)的临床特点和治疗。方法　回顾性分析 12例CGIN的临床表现、术前宫颈细胞学、宫颈活检和 或宫颈管刮术 (ECC)、治疗方法、术后病理等资料。结果　 12例CGIN均为低度病变 (L -CGIN)。 1992～ 1997年有 3例 (2 5 0 % ) ,1998～2 0 0 3年有 9例 (75 0 % )。 33 3% (4 12 )宫颈脱落细胞学显示腺上皮异常 ,5 0 0 % (6 12 )宫颈多点活检为腺非典型性 ,2 12ECC提示腺异常 ;综合细胞学、活检、ECC等方法 ,术前 6 6 7% (8 12 )可发现腺体异常。 4 1 7%(5 12 )为单纯CGIN ,5 8 3% (7 12 )合并CIN ;术前对于单纯CGIN腺体异常的检出并未较CGIN合并CIN容易(P >0 0 5 )。 6 6 7% (8 12 )行子宫切除术 ,33 3% (4 12 )仅行冷刀锥切术。平均随访 5 0 4个月 ,均无复发或癌变。结论　宫颈细胞学联合阴道镜下宫颈多点活检和 或ECC可提高CGIN的术前诊断率 ;CGIN常合并CIN ;宫颈冷刀锥切术是年轻妇女保留生育功能者的有效治疗方法。     

Cytokine profile in Indian women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer cervix

Cervical cancer develops from the preneoplastic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Host factors are critical in regulating tumor growth and cytokines, which modulate immunologic control may be of particular importance. The objective of this study was to assess the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in Indian women with cancer cervix and CIN. Sixty patients with cancer cervix (including all FIGO stage I-IV), 35 patients with CIN, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 status was determined in all the study groups. The PBMC culture supernatant was collected for cytokine estimations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (interleukin-2 [IL-2], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], interleukin-4 [IL-4], and interleukin-10 [IL-10]). IL-2 levels showed a significant decline in high-grade CIN and cancer patients, whereas IFN-gamma levels were decreased only in patients with advanced cancer cervix. An increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 was found in all cancer cervix and CIN grade III patients, as compared to those with early CIN grades and healthy controls. The cytokine ratios decreased significantly (P < 0.001 for all the ratios), when cervical cancer patients were compared with controls and CIN cases. The type 2 and type 1 cytokine levels were significantly correlated (P < 0.000) with HPV status. We conclude that a pronounced shift from type 1 to type 2 cytokine production is associated with more severe disease. These data reinforce the need for detailed analysis of immune dysregulation in CIN and cancer cervix patients.