小切口白内障青光眼联合手术的临床观察

目的　观察小切口白内障非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的疗效。方法　应用小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术对 30例 32眼青光眼白内障进行手术治疗 ,观察术后视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症。结果　 (1)术前视力全部低于 0 .15 ,术后 3月视力 >0 .5者 18眼 ,0 .5～ 0 .3者 8眼 ,0 .3～ 0 .8者 4眼 ,2眼数指 ;(2 )术前平均眼压 (38.2 7± 3 14 )mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg) ,术前降压后平均眼压为 (2 3 5 6± 5 2 5 )mmHg ,术后随访 3月 ,平均眼压为 (14 5 7± 3.2 6 )mmHg ,术后仅有 2眼眼压增高 ,经用药物治疗后眼压正常。术前、术后眼压有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　小切口白内障青光眼联合手术是治疗青光眼合并白内障一种安全、有效的方法。     

单纯玻璃体切除术后高眼压的临床观察

目的　探讨单纯玻璃体切除术后眼压的变化规律及可能与术后高眼压发生相关的因素。设计　前瞻性、非对照干预研究。研究对象　2 8例(31只眼)行单纯玻璃体切除手术的患者。方法　观察由同一术者经睫状体平坦部行单纯玻璃体切除手术患者,记录病史、检查、手术情况,Goldmann眼压计测量术前,术后2、6、2 4小时,第2、3天,第1、2周,第1、2、3个月的眼压。主要指标　眼压。结果　术后2、6、2 4小时的眼压分别为(2 1 0 8±7 78)mmHg、(2 2 97±7 96 )mmHg、(2 0 5 0±6 19)mmHg ,分别比术前眼压高4 2 5mmHg、6 13mmHg、3 6 6mmHg(P =0 0 0 2 ,P =0 0 0 0 ,P =0 0 0 5 )。术后第2、3天、第1、2周、第1、2、3个月的眼压同术前眼压相比,差异无显著性意义。31只眼中,术后2小时内出现眼压高峰者14只眼(45 2 % ) ,6小时内者2 5只眼(80 7% )。在此期间内,有8只眼(2 5 8% )眼压≥35mmHg。术后1周时,73 7%的高眼压恢复正常。未发现高眼压与术前眼压、糖尿病、术中眼内光凝量之间的相关关系。结论　单纯玻璃体切除术后眼压高峰发生在手术后2～6小时,当术眼眼压高于35mmHg时需要及时处理;术后高眼压的持续时间短,多数患者在术后1周眼压可恢复正常。     

非穿透小梁手术后Nd:YAG激光房角穿孔术疗效观察

目的观察和评价非穿透小梁手术(NPTS)后YAG激光房角穿孔术(LGP)的降眼压效果及并发症。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象 NPTS术后行LGP的23例(27眼)青光眼患者。方法对NPTS术后早期高眼压的23例(27眼)青光眼患者行LGP,观察术眼LGP术前、术后早期和术后远期的眼压,及术后并发症。主要指标眼压,并发症。结果 NPTS术后平均(11．4± 15.6)周行LGP,LGP后平均随访(15．87±14．68)周。LGP术前平均眼压为(19．7±5．09)mmHg,术后早期平均眼压为(10．8±3．7) mmHg(P=0．011)。平均降眼压幅度为8．9mmHg(45．2％)。其中随访时间在4个月以上者16眼,术前平均眼压(19．2±3．9)mmHg,术后早期平均眼压(11.9±3．6)mmHg,术后中远期平均眼压(15．7±2．9)mmHg(P=0．000)。术后远期眼压较术前下降3．5mmHg (17．8％)。并发症有虹膜嵌顿、术后低眼压、虹膜周边前粘连等。结论 LGP是NPTS术的有效补充,它提高了NPTS术的远期手术成功率,是一种安全有效的治疗措施。     

实验性眼前段缺血综合征的电镜研究

目的探讨眼前段缺血综合征的发生机制和超微病理变化及分离和保留睫状血管对其发生的预防作用。方法将32只成年新西兰白兔随机分为4组，第1组双眼分别切断内外2条水平直肌。第2组双眼分别切断上下2条垂直肌。第3组双眼分别切断上下及内或外直肌共3条直肌。第4组双眼分别切断内外、上下4条直肌。每组动物均在右眼分离保留睫状血管，左眼切断直肌和睫状血管。术后4周取虹膜和睫状体组织电镜检查。结果第1组动物双眼无明显缺血改变，第2、3、4组不保留血管眼有明显甚至严重缺血改变，保留血管眼无缺血改变。结论论证了切断不同的直肌引起的眼前段不同组织的超微结构变化及其与眼前段缺血发生的关系，分离和保留睫状前血管可以有效预防眼前段缺血综合征的发生。     

回顾性分析不同方法治疗甲状腺相关性眼病眼压的变化

目的:比较甲基强的松龙静脉冲击治疗及眼外肌手术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)前后眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)的变化.方法:回顾性分析收集2008-01/2010-12于我院眼科就诊的26例42眼TAO患者,患者行甲基强的松龙静脉冲击治疗或眼外肌手术,比较术前、术后第一眼位及上视时的眼压变化.结果:患者16例32眼采用甲强龙冲击治疗,治疗前平均眼压第一眼位时为21.13±4.10mmHg,向上注视时为23 75±5.67mmHg,治疗后分别为16.81±3.69mmHg(P＜0.05),18.50±4.03mmHg(P＜0.05);10例10眼采用眼外肌斜视手术,术前平均眼压第一眼位时为18.40±2 49mmHg,上视时为24.70±3.63mmHg,术后分别为17 30±1.55mmHg(P＞0.05),18.60±2.20mmHg(P＜0 01);术前眼压≥21mmHg的TAO患者眼压下降明显(P＜0.05).结论:两组患者用不同的方法治疗后眼压显著下降,但是眼外肌斜视手术前后眼压在第一眼位时的变化没有统计学差别.     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术中使用丝裂霉素C临床观察

目的　评价超声乳化联合小梁切除术中使用丝裂霉素C(MMC)的效果和安全性。方法　回顾性随访联合手术65例 73眼 ,术中使用MMC组 3 4例 3 7眼 ,未用MMC的对照组 3 1例 3 6眼。对比两组手术前后的眼压、视力及术后并发症。结果　术后 1年 ,MMC组眼压从术前 (17 87± 5 41)mmHg降至 (11 61± 5 12 )mmHg ,对照组从术前 (18 82± 2 82 )mmHg降至(14 86± 2 91)mmHg ,MMC组与对照组相比眼压下降差异具有显著意义 (P =0 0 2 8)。术后 2组平均视力都显著提高 (P <0 0 1) ,但提高程度的差异无显著意义 (P =0 876)。结论　白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术中使用MMC(0 4mg/ml ,5mins)可以显著降低眼压且不影响视力恢复及产生严重并发症     

涡静脉烧灼诱发兔急性高眼压

目的探讨涡静脉烧灼法诱发兔急性高眼压的效果。方法60只兔先随机分为3组,第1组左眼用于对照组,右眼用于模型Ⅰ组;第2组左眼用于模型Ⅱ组,右眼用于模型Ⅲ组;第3组左眼用于模型Ⅳ组,右眼不用;每组20眼。对照组只打开球结膜,涡静脉不作处理;模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别烧灼阻断1、2、3、4条涡静脉。分别于术前、术后即刻以及术后每小时测量1次眼压,8h后每日测量1次眼压,并观察眼部表现。结果术后各组眼压均立即升高,以模型Ⅳ组最为显著;模型Ⅰ组术后2h达高峰,平均眼压为(33.25±5.50)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),3h后降至正常水平;模型Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后1h达高峰,平均眼压分别为(38.50±3.00)mmHg、(41.50±13·30)mmHg,3h后均降至正常水平;模型Ⅳ组术后眼压立即升高至(56.75±10.44)mmHg,术后1h达高峰,平均眼压为(64.25±6.24)mmHg,维持于40mmHg以上达8h;模型Ⅳ组有8眼发生少量前房积血,未发生玻璃体出血。结论烧灼阻断4条涡静脉是建立兔急性高眼压模型简单、有效、易行的方法。     

改良巩膜瓣小梁切除与传统小梁切除的疗效观察

目的　了解小梁切除术中改良巩膜瓣、不同缝合方式在术中、术后的优缺点。方法　 90例 116眼青光眼患者随机分为 3组 :传统术式组 30例 4 2眼 ;可拆褥式缝线组 30例 4 0眼 ;L形巩膜瓣小梁切除组 30例 34眼。比较 3组术后浅前房、眼压和滤过泡情况。结果　浅前房发生率传统术式组 2 6 18% ,可拆褥式缝线组 7 5 % ,L形巩膜瓣切除组2 94 % ,改良巩膜瓣组与传统术式组比较有非常显著性差异(P <0 0 1) ;随诊眼压传统术式组 (14 6 5± 4 30 )mmHg(1kPa =7 5mmHg) ,可拆褥式缝线组 (13.87± 3.6 0 )mmHg ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 (15 .5 8± 3.2 0 )mmHg ,3组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;随诊功能性滤过泡传统术式组 76 % ,可拆褥式缝线组 93% ,L形巩膜瓣切除组 96 % ,传统小梁切除组与改良巩膜瓣小梁切除组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　采用巩膜瓣可拆褥式缝合与L形巩膜瓣小梁切除可大大降低术后浅前房的发生率 ,并能理想地控制眼压 ,提高术后视功能     

自制青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼

目的　探讨自制青光眼阀植入术在难治性青光眼的治疗中的应用价值。方法　对 16例难治性青光眼行自制青光眼阀植入术 ,术后随访 18月。结果　术前眼压 5 4 45± 7 61mmHg降至术后眼压 19 85± 10 12mmHg ,成功 10眼 (10 /16) ,成功率同Ahmed相比低 (99/118)P <0 0 5 ,同Krupin相比相近 (3 8/5 9)P >0 5 ,同Optimed相比较高 (8/2 0 )P <0 0 5。并发症 :早期低眼压 6眼 ,脉络膜脱离 3眼 ,前房出血 4眼等。结论　自制青光眼阀植入术是治疗难治性青光眼的一个有效选择。     

闭角型青光眼滤过术后浅前房与术前睫状体脱离及眼压关系的研究

目的 探讨闲角型青光眼患者滤过术后浅前房、术前睫状体脱离与眼压的关系.方法 回顾分析2007年6月至2008年12月在我院住院的457例(472眼)原发性青光眼患者,入院时行UBM及眼压检查,将术前发生睫状体脱离且需行滤过手术的闭角型青光眼患者共22例(26眼)列为A组,随机选取30例(32眼)非睫状体脱离且行滤过手术的闭角型青光眼患者为B组,将A、B2组合并,根据术后是否发生浅前房分为浅前房组(C组)和非浅前房组(D组).分析闭角型青光眼患者滤过术后浅前房、术前睫状体脱离与眼压的关系.结果 A、B2组患者所有检测指标差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).术后浅前房者14例(17眼),C、D组患者术前眼压分别为(49.90±4.70)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)、(3.71±3.02)mmHg;术后第1天眼压:C组(9.75±0.98)mmHg;D组(15.76±1.74)mmHg;眼压下降幅度:C组(38.30±4.33)mmHg、D组(19.04±2.72)mmHg;差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01).术后C组与D组的角膜厚度、前房深度、小梁虹膜夹角为0°的象限个数及小梁睫状体距离比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),而虹膜晶状体夹角(C组:14.53°±0.44°;D组:12.74°±0.70°)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 小梁切除术前是否并发睫状体脱离与术后是否发生浅前房未见统计学相关性.术前眼压越高,虹膜晶状体夹角越大,治疗后眼压下降幅度越大,及术后第1天眼压越低,发生浅前房的可能性越大.     

Experimental Study on the Prevention of Anterior Segment Ischemia by Preservation of Anterior Ciliary Vessels

Purpose: To observe the effect of preserving anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) on anterior segments of rabbit eyes undergoing tenotomy of extraocular muscles. Methods: Thirty-two adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. Same procedures were done in both eyes in each group except that left eyes underwent preservation of ACVs. In the first group medial and lateral recti, in the second group, superior and inferior recti, in the third group, medial, lateral and superior or inferior recti and in the fourth group, all four recti, underwent tenotomy. Slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, total protein and lactic acid quantification in aqueous humor were done in all eyes pre- and post-operatively. By four weeks after operation, the eyes were enucleated for histological examination and electron microscopy. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.Results: In the left eyes of both group 1 and group 2, no inflammatory response was observed. In the left eyes of group     

Effect of dorzolamide and latanoprost on intraocular pressure after small incision cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of dorzolamide 2% and latanoprost 0.005% on intraocular pressure (IOP) after small incision cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 102 eyes of 102 consecutive patients scheduled for small incision cataract surgery. The patients were assigned preoperatively to 1 of 3 groups of 34 each: dorzolamide, latanoprost, and control (no treatment). One drop of the assigned medication was instilled immediately after surgery. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively and 6 and 20 to 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Six hours after surgery, the mean increase in IOP was 1.9 mm Hg +/- 3.9 (SD) in the dorzolamide group (P = .004 versus control), 2.2 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in the latanoprost group (P = .005 versus control), and 4.8 +/- 5.2 mm Hg in the control group. Twenty to 24 hours postoperatively, IOP decreased a mean of -0.9 +/- 3.5 mm Hg in the dorzolamide group (P = .012 versus control) and increased a mean of 0.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg in the latanoprost group (P = 0.24 versus control) and 1.3 +/- 4.2 mm Hg in the control group. One eye in the dorzolamide group, 1 eye in the latanoprost group, and 4 eyes in the control group had an IOP of 30 mm Hg or higher 6 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Six hours postoperatively, dorzolamide and latanoprost were effective in reducing the IOP increase after small incision cataract surgery; however, at 20 to 24 hours, only dorzolamide was effective. Neither drug prevented IOP spikes of 30 mm Hg or higher.     

新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体的长期疗效观察

目的探讨新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体(ACIOL)植入的手术方法,评价其长期疗效和安全性。方法对34只眼行白内障摘除联合前段玻璃体切除及Ⅰ期ACIOL植入术、49只术后无晶状体眼行Ⅱ期ACIOL植入术。年龄16～80岁,平均43.5岁。检查视力、眼压、角膜内皮细胞、房角和手术并发症等情况。随访3～7年,平均4.8年。结果65只眼(78.3%)术后最佳矫正视力≥0.5,Ⅱ期植入者裸眼或矫正视力均达到术前最佳矫正视力。眼压术前平均为(13.55±3.21)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),末次随访时(13.40±4.29)mmHg(t=0.5427,P=0.5888)。角膜内皮细胞密度:Ⅰ期植入组术前平均为(2497±629)个/mm2,末次随访时(1995±648)个/mm2,细胞损失率为(20.6±14.1)%;Ⅱ期植入组分别为(2459±681)个/mm2,(2238±817)个/mm2和(10.0±17.4)%。两组比较,Ⅰ期植入组损失率较高(P=0.023)。人工晶状体(IOL)支点多位于房角隐窝或巩膜突,少数位于虹膜根部或小梁网,未见有触及角膜内皮细胞者。小梁网色素较术前有不同程度地增加。术后早期并发症:高眼压7只眼(8.4%)、低眼压5只眼(6.0%)、前房出血2只眼(2.4%)、IOL旋转及移位3只眼(3.6%);晚期并发症有继发性青光眼2只眼(2.4%)、瞳孔变形1只眼(1.2%)、视网膜脱离2只眼(2.4%)和角膜内皮功能失代偿2只眼(2.4%)。结论新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体植入术对于无囊膜支撑的无晶状体眼是一种可选择的手术方式,术后需长期随访以及时发现和处理并发症。严格掌握手术适应证并注重手术技巧,可以减少手术并发症。     

Intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in nonglaucomatous eyes with and without exfoliation

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in nonglaucomatous eyes with and without exfoliation. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. METHODS: One hundred ninety-six eyes that had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were examined. Eyes with a history of intraocular disease or surgery that could affect IOP were excluded. The study comprised the remaining 160 eyes: 23 with exfoliation (EXF group) and 137 without exfoliation (non-EXF group). Follow-up data were available for 136 eyes. The same surgeon performed all surgeries. Patients were examined on the first postoperative day and after 1 week, 4 months, and 1.0 to 2.7 years. RESULTS: One day postoperatively, IOP rose in the EXF group from a mean preoperative level of 16.3 mm Hg +/- 2.7 (SD) to 21.0 +/- 8.5 mm Hg, a 28.4% increase (P =.0061). In the non-EXF group, mean IOP rose from 16.2 +/- 3.4 mm Hg to 20.5 +/- 5.7 mm Hg, a 29.9% increase (P =.001). In 4 eyes (17.4%) in the EXF group and 8 eyes (5.8%) in the non-EXF group, IOP increased to 30 mm Hg or higher at 1 day. After this, significant IOP decreases occurred in both the EXF and non-EXF group, respectively, as follows: 14.2 +/- 3.0 mm Hg (12.0% decrease from preoperative value; P =.001) and 15.0 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (5.9%; P =.001) 1 week postoperatively; 12.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (20.2%; P =.0002) and 13.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (13.2%; P =.001) after 4 months; and 12.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg (23.2%; P =.0001) and 12.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (21.2%; P =.001) after 1.0 to 2.7 years. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: After phacoemulsification with IOL implantation, IOP decreased significantly and remained lower than preoperatively in eyes with and without exfoliation. One day postoperatively, transient pressure peaks were more common in eyes with exfoliation. One eye without exfoliation developed glaucoma.     

眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝对角膜植片存活的影响

目的探讨对穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）后眼压升高且药物不能控制的患者,采用眼内窥镜直视下睫状体光凝术（ECP）进行治疗的疗效和对角膜植片存活的影响。方法选择2000年3月至2004年4月期间,于中山大学中山眼科中心就诊的34例（34只眼）PKP术后眼压升高且药物不能控制患者,在眼内窥镜直视下,行半导体激光睫状体光凝术（12例）或联合玻璃体切除术（22例）（ECP组）。选择26例（26只眼）患者作为对照,采用经巩膜面半导体激光睫状体光凝术（TCP）（TCP组）。术前、术后随访观察视力、眼压、植片透明度、内皮细胞密度及前房反应,超声活体显微镜（UBM）检查睫状突和房角情况,注意术后并发症等。结果ECP组术后3个月和6个月时,分别有13例（38．2％）和23例（67．7％）眼压低于21mmHg。TCP组术后3个月和6个月时,分别有10例（38．5％）和8例（30．8％）眼压低于21mmHg。两组之间术后眼压控制率比较,在3个月时差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．0003,P=0．986）,但6个月时差异有统计学意义（X^2=8．024,P=0．005）。ECP组和TCP组术后植片内皮细胞密度分别为（1013±170）个／mm^2和（847±136）个/mm^2,差异有统计学意义（t=-0．009,P=0．033）。ECP组和TCP组术后分别有9例（26．5％）和21例（80．8％）出现反应性虹膜炎,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义（x^2=17．376,P=0．001）。结论ECP对降低PKP术后青光眼患者眼压的远期疗效优于TCP。ECP对角膜植片内皮细胞的损伤和引起术后葡萄膜炎的程度均较TCP轻,相对提高了PKP术后角膜植片的生存质量。     

Effect of topical brinzolamide 1% and brimonidine 0.2% on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of brinzolamide 1% (Azopt) and brimonidine 0.2% (Alphagan) with a placebo in preventing an early increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: In this prospective double-masked study, 90 eyes of 90 patients having clear corneal phacoemulsification were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 eyes each. One hour before surgery, 1 group received 1 drop of brinzolamide 1%, another received 1 drop of brimonidine 0.2%, and the third received 1 drop of a balanced saline solution (placebo). The IOP was measured preoperatively and 3 and 16 to 20 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Three hours postoperatively, the mean IOP increased by 4.2 mm Hg +/- 7.0 (SD), 3.2 +/- 6.4 mm Hg, and 5.3 +/- 4.2 mm Hg in the brinzolamide, brimonidine, and placebo groups, respectively. The IOP increase from baseline was significant in all 3 groups (all P<.01), with no difference between the groups (P>.05). The change in IOP at 16 to 20 hours was 0.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, 0.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg, and -0.8 +/- 2.4 mm Hg, respectively. The changes were not significant compared to baseline (all P>.05). Six eyes (20%) in the brinzolamide group, 5 eyes (16.7%) in the brimonidine group, and 7 eyes (23.3%) in the placebo group had an IOP higher than 25 mm Hg 3 hours postoperatively; the difference between groups was not significant (P =.8). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic use of 1 drop of brinzolamide or brimonidine was not more effective than a placebo in controlling early postoperative IOP elevations after clear corneal phacoemulsification.     

Anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle width, and intraocular pressure changes after uneventful phacoemulsification in eyes without glaucoma and with open iridocorneal angles

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of uneventful phacoemulsification on anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA) width, and intraocular pressure (IOP) in nonglaucomatous eyes with open ICA preoperatively. SETTING: Beyoglu Eye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: Fifty-three eyes of 49 patients were evaluated for 6 months postoperatively. The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative IOP, ACD, and ICA width. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between IOP, ACD, and ICA width and between preoperative patient characteristics. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP of 15.1 mm Hg +/- 2.8 (SD) dropped postoperatively to 13.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg at 1 day, 13.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg at 1 week, 13.2 +/- 3.1 mm Hg at 1 month, 13.3 +/- 2.7 mm Hg at 3 months, and 14.1 +/- 2.5 mm Hg at 6 months (P<.05). The mean preoperative ICA grade of 2.97 +/- 0.72 increased to 3.55 +/- 0.48 at 1 week and 3.68 +/- 0.45 at 1 month (P<.05). The mean preoperative ACD of 3.06 +/- 0.49 mm increased to 3.57 +/- 0.47 mm at 4 weeks, 3.69 +/- 0.32 mm at 1 month, and 3.70 +/- 0.36 mm at 3 months (P<.05). The IOP decrease was not correlated with the changes in ICA width or ACD. Multiple regression analysis showed preoperative IOP was the single predictor of the postoperative IOP drop (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In nonglaucomatous eyes with an open ICA preoperatively, uneventful phacoemulsification reduced IOP, increased ACD, and widened the ICA. The changes were statistically significant over 6 months.     

Effects of pupil stretch technique during phacoemulsification on postoperative vision, intraocular pressure, and inflammation

PURPOSE: To determine whether pupil stretch during phacoemulsification affects postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and inflammation compared with results in patients without pupil stretch. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 115 eyes that had pupil stretch during phacoemulsification (study group) and 125 eyes without pupil stretch (control group) was performed with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. Single-factor analysis of variance and 2-tailed homoscedastic t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean preoperative logMAR equivalent BCVA was 0.5 +/- 0.3 (SD) in the study group and 0.6 +/- 0.4 in the control group. The mean preoperative IOP was 16.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg in the study group and 16.0 +/- 3.5 mm Hg (control group). There was no statistically significant difference at postoperative follow-up of 1 year in BCVA or IOP between the 2 groups (1 year BCVA 0.2 +/- 0.2 [study group], 0.2 +/- 0.2 [control group] [P<.1]; IOP 14.5 +/- 3.5 mm Hg and 14.7 +/- 3.3 mm Hg, respectively [P<.7]). There was no significant difference in the number of glaucoma medications required for glaucoma patients preoperatively and postoperatively between the 2 groups (P<.5). Complications were rare, and there was no significant difference in the complications (ie, iritis, hyphema, cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane formation) between the 2 groups at 1 year. CONCLUSION: Pupil stretch during phacoemulsification was not associated with a statistically significant difference in BCVA, IOP, inflammation, or other complications postoperatively compared with results in the control group without pupil stretch.     

Effect of a fixed dorzolamide-timolol combination on intraocular pressure after small-incision cataract surgery with Viscoat

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a fixed dorzolamide-timolol combination (Cosopt) on intraocular pressure (IOP) after small-incision cataract surgery with sodium chondroitin sulfate 4%-sodium hyaluronate 3% (Viscoat). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: This prospective randomized study comprised 76 eyes of 38 patients scheduled for small-incision cataract surgery in both eyes. Patients were randomized to receive 1 drop of the fixed dorzolamide-timolol combination in 1 eye or no treatment (control) immediately after cataract surgery. The fellow eye received the other assigned treatment. Cataract surgery was performed with Viscoat in an identical fashion in both eyes. The IOP was measured preoperatively and 6 hours, 20 to 24 hours, and 1 week postoperatively. RESULTS: Six hours after surgery, the mean increase in IOP was significantly lower in the dorzolamide-timolol group than in the control group (4.3 mm Hg +/- 5.6 [SD] versus 8.4 +/- 6.1 mm Hg; P =.003). Two eyes in the dorzolamide-timolol group and 9 in the control group had IOP spikes of 30 mm Hg or higher (P =.022). Twenty to 24 hours after surgery, the mean IOP change was -2.6 +/- 3.3 mm Hg in the dorzolamide-timolol group and 1.5 +/- 3.2 mm Hg in the control group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The fixed dorzolamide-timolol combination was effective in reducing IOP 6 hours and 20 to 24 hours after cataract surgery. However, it did not prevent Viscoat-induced IOP spikes of 30 mm Hg or higher.     

Intraocular pressure and foveal thickness after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural course of intraocular pressure (IOP) and foveal thickness during the postoperative period, and the correlation between them. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: This institutional study comprised 30 eyes of 30 cataract patients scheduled for phacoemulsification. IOP and foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were measured preoperatively and three, six, nine, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 hours, five days, one month, and two months postoperatively. RESULTS: The IOP was 4.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg at three hours postoperatively. The IOP increased to 23.4 +/- 8.1 mm Hg at six hours and 23.5 +/- 7.3 mm Hg at nine hours postoperatively. The IOP was 1.9 mm Hg lower at one month or two months postoperatively than preoperatively. The foveal thickness was 202.1 +/- 19.2 microm and significantly higher at three hours postoperatively, and was 182.3 +/- 20.5 microm, 183.2 +/- 22.3 microm, and significantly lower at nine and 12 hours postoperatively than preoperatively. The correlation between mean IOP and mean foveal thickness is statistically significant. Fovea thickness (microns) = 207.0476 - 1.019759 x IOP (mm Hg), P value < .0001, adjusted R(2) = .8699. CONCLUSIONS: We found initial hypotony, an IOP spike during six to nine hours, and a decrease of IOP at one month and two months postoperatively. An initial increase of the foveal thickness, a significant reduction at nine hours and 12 hours, and an equivocal increase at one month or two months postoperatively were also noted. A significant negative correlation between IOP and foveal thickness was shown.