Studies on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Infancy and Childhood

In an investigation of the serum lipoproteins in infancy and childhood, in which attention was also directed to the total lipids, total and free cholesterol and phospholipids, and in which use was made of micromethods permitting the performance of all these analyses on 0·6 ml serum and thus even on newborn premature infants, the following observations of interest were made.     

Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Children from Families with Early Coronary Heart Disease

Serum lipids and lipoproteins of 64 men under the age of 41 years who survived for more than 6 months after a myocardial infarction, and of their children were investigated. 26 fathers and all their 55 children had normal serum lipids and lipoprotein patterns. 38 fathers had normal serum lipid concentration and abnormal lipoprotein pattern; of these, 23 had hyper-β-lipoproteinaemia, 11 had increase in both β- and pre-β-lipoprotein, and 4 had increase in pre-β-lipoprotein only. 30 of the 85 children whose fathers had abnormal lipoproteins were found to have type II hyperlipoproteinaemia regardless of the class of hyperlipaemia found in the father. The greatest incidence of lipoprotein abnormality was found in children of fathers of hyper-β-lipoproteinaemia.     

Selected Trace Elements and Proteins in Serum of Apparently Healthy Newborn Infants of Mothers Who Smoked during Pregnancy

ABSTRACT. The serum concentrations of selected trace elements and proteins in cord blood from 17 new-bom infants whose mothers were habitual smokers were compared with values from 22 infants of non-smoking mothers. All the mothers were healthy with normal pregnancies and deliveries. Cigarette smoke exposure was verified by determinations of nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate concentrations in cord blood. Infants of smoking mothers had a slightly lower mean birth weight (3490±430 g) than control infants (3780±460 g). Infants of smokers had lower serum iron ( p =0.05) and prealbumin ( p ≤0.05), but higher serum copper ( p ≤0.05) and ceruloplasmin ( p ≤0.01) levels than the controls. Infants of smoking mothers tended to have higher levels of the acute-phase reactants alpha-₂-macroglobulin and orosomucoid, but lower levels of albumin, transferrin and retinol-binding-protein, although differences were not statistically significant.     

宫内窘迫新生儿血清脑红蛋白的变化

目的 观察脑红蛋白(NGB)在足月健康新生儿和宫内窘迫新生儿血清中的水平,探讨宫内缺氧对血清NGB表达的影响及NGB作为早期判断宫内缺氧检测指标的价值.方法 建立血清NGB的双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法,获得稳定的标准曲线,检测35例(男17例,女18例)足月健康新生儿(健康对照组)NGB水平,分析不同性别间血清NGB表达水平的差异,初步确定足月健康新生儿血清NGB水平;同样方法检测32例宫内窘迫新生儿(宫内窘迫组)出生时脐动脉血清NGB水平,与足月健康新生儿比较.采用Stata 7.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 获得双抗体夹心ELISA拟和标准曲线方程为Y=exp(-5.881 532+11.955 890×X)+2.281 506 E-02(r=0.999 4 P<0.001).健康对照组新生儿出生时脐动脉血清NGB水平为(27.35±4.41) ug/L,男女NGB水平比较无差异(t=0.418 7 P>0.05);宫内窘迫组新生儿脐动脉血清NGB水平为(149.7±43.2)ug/L,显著高于健康对照组新生儿(t=2.941 6 P<0.01).结论 新生儿脐动脉血清NGB水平作为判别HIE的早期检测指标,具有临床应用价值.     

小于胎龄足月新生儿和适于胎龄足月新生儿血清瘦素及胰岛素水平的变化

目的 探讨不同类型足月新生儿血清瘦素及胰岛素水平及其与胎儿宫内生长发育的关系.方法 收集2009年9月-2010年5月在山西省儿童医院新生儿科住院的无严重疾病的88例足月新生儿的临床资料,其中44例小于胎龄儿(SGA),44例适于胎龄儿(AGA),用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测其出生24 h内血清瘦素及胰岛素水平,并分析血清瘦素和胰岛素水平与出生体质量的关系.采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 AGA组血清瘦素水平及血清胰岛素水平均高于SGA组(t=-73.624、-11.729,Pa<0.01);血清瘦素水平及血清胰岛素水平与出生体质量均呈正相关(r=0.96、0.91,Pa<0.01);血清瘦素与胰岛素之间也存在正相关(r=0.85,P<0.01).结论 瘦素及胰岛素在一定程度上反映了胎儿宫内生长发育的情况,在调节足月儿的生长代谢中发挥了重要作用.     

Increase of Serum Lipids and Serum Lipoproteins in Girls under Therapy with Estrogen and Norethisteron for Height Reduction

ABSTRACT. The effect of a combined treatment with ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron for height reduction on serum lipids and lipoproteins was investigated in 23 excessively tall girls (>97th percentile). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C were determined before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the onset and 3 to 12 months after cessation of therapy. Treatment with ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron resulted in significant ( p <0.01) mean increases in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C of 20.6%, 95.5%, 23.6%, and 22.2% above pretreatment values, respectively. This increase occurred during the first 3 months of therapy and thereafter no further significant change was observed. After cessation of therapy elevated levels returned to pretreatment levels within 3 to 12 months in all but two patients. The results obtained suggest an influence of ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Whether these reversible changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins are associated with an increased risk for developing atherosclerosis has to be evaluated in long term investigations.     

Plasma Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Relation to Plasma Lipids

ABSTRACT. No significant differences in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were found between 14 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and 7 infants of non-diabetic mothers at birth or at 2 hours of age, although the mean values were higher in the IDMs. The mean blood glucose concentration declined from birth to 2 hours of age and it was lower at 2 hours of age in the IDMs although only one IDM became hypoglycaemic. Plasma non-antibody bound insulin concentrations were approximately 12 fold higher at birth and at 2 hours of age in the IDMs than in the control infants. Similar increases in plasma free fatty acids and free glycerol concentrations from birth to 2 hours of age were observed in the 2 groups. At 2 hours of age positive correlations were found between plasma noradrenaline and free fatty acids ( r =0.85, p < 0.01) and free glycerol ( r =0.65, p < 0.05) and between plasma adrenaline and free glycerol ( r =0.71, p < 0.05) and the rise in free glycerol from birth to 2 hours of age ( r =0.65, p < 0.05) in the IDMs. At birth positive correlations between plasma free fatty acids and plasma noradrenaline ( r =0.69, p < 0.02) and plasma adrenaline ( r =0.88, p < 0.01) were found in the IDMs. No correlations were found in the control infants. These findings indicate that the catecholamines counteracts the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis in IDMs.