某医科院校大学生健康危险行为状况调查

目的了解医学类高校大学生健康相关行为现状,为制定适宜的教育干预措施提供依据。方法分层随机抽取南京市某医学类高校664名大学生,采用自编“大学生健康相关行为调查问卷”进行问卷调查。结果1）饮食及运动锻炼行为：664名大学生经常吃早餐的报告率为45.4%,经常喝牛/酸奶的报告率为26.1%,每天三餐固定就餐的报告率是48.0%,偏食的报告率是29.8%,经常锻炼的报告率是9.6%;2）吸烟、饮酒行为：吸烟的报告率是9.3%,饮酒的报告率是34.0%;3）性行为：大学生性行为的报告率为12.5%,不使用或很少使用避孕套的报告率为48.2%。此外,医科院校大学生的健康危险行为存在性别差异：男生经常锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、性行为的报告率高于女生（P〈0.01）;女生经常吃早餐、喝牛/酸奶、三餐固定就餐的报告率高于男生（P〈0.01）。结论该医科院校大学生的危害健康行为发生率较高,男生较女生问题更突出,采取相应的干预措施势在必行。     

南京市大学生饮酒现状调查分析

目的了解南京市大学生饮酒现状及影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对南京市4所高校的834名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果南京市大学生总饮酒率为52.88%(441/834),男女生饮酒率分别为64.68%和39.95%,男生饮酒率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。来自城市的学生饮酒率(61.86%)高于农村学生(42.71%),理工类学生(60.93%)高于文史类(45.20%),毕业生(75.56%)高于非毕业生(46.64%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。大学生饮酒与多种因素密切相关。男生、吸烟、父亲喝酒、校外居住、同学喝酒是大学生饮酒行为的危险因素。结论南京市大学生饮酒行为较为普遍,应加强对大学生的健康教育,宣传饮酒的危害及倡导健康生活方式。     

菏泽市大学生吸烟与饮酒行为调查

目的:了解菏泽市大学生吸烟、饮酒相关行为的现状及相关因素,为制定健康教育措施和进行干预性研究提供科学依据.方法:采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取菏泽医专、菏泽学院的医学、理科、文科等专业三个年级共992名大学生为研究样本,用全国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷(大学),对调查对象的吸烟、饮酒行为进行测量和分析.结果:所调查大学生的曾尝试吸烟率为38.7 %,吸烟年龄≤13岁报告率11.8 %,目前吸烟率27.3 %.大学生尝试吸烟率、开始吸烟年龄、目前吸烟率在不同性别、年级、专业间存在差别;饮酒率为54.6 %饮酒率在不同性别、年级、专业间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:应加强大学生的健康教育,促进健康行为、倡导科学的生活行为方式,戒烟、限酒,全面提高大学生身心健康水平.     

中国北方两城市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式分析

目的探讨城市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式及特点.方法北方两所大城市随机抽取市区初二、高二和大学二年级7230名学生进行集体自填匿名问卷调查.以10种主要健康危险行为为聚类指标,采用样本聚类方法分别对男、女学生进行聚类.结果根据行为发生严重程度和高发行为特点男、女生分别隶属于低危险组(男44.0%;女49.5%)、中度危险组(模式2组:男24.8%,女25.4%;模式3组:男16.3%,女12.1%)和高危险组(男14.8%;女12.9%)4类健康危险行为聚集模式人群.吸烟和饮酒在男、女生某中度危险组中高发,男、女吸烟率分别为26.8%和女8.5%;饮酒率为100%,远高于该人群总体水平,吸烟饮酒呈聚集现象;女生高危险组中自杀意念、不健康减肥和滥用药物三类"内隐性行为"发生率分别为100%,8.4%和7.5%,远高于人群总体水平和其他3组,表明这三类行为呈现聚集性,而男生高危险组中大部分行为高发,呈现"外显问题行为和内隐性行为"的高度聚集现象.结论应针对青少年中某些行为聚集发生和聚集方式多样特点,根据性别特点,有针对性地开展一级、二级、三级预防等综合性预防干预措施.     

茂名市青少年健康危险行为流行特征及防治策略

目的了解茂名市青少年健康危险行为发生情况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法分别抽取茂名地区重点和普通中学、技校、大学的学生进行无记名问卷调查。结果茂名市在校青少年健康危险行为发生率大约为70．0％,危险行为主要为意外伤害、自杀、吸烟、饮酒、不良膳食行为、缺乏体育锻炼、接触毒品和无保护性行为。危险行为的发生率与学生年龄及父母的文化程度职业有密切关系,且男生和女生之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论在校青少年普遍存在健康相关危险行为,应针对青少年危险行为特点,开展综合性行为干预,以促进青少年身心健康。     

中国北方两城市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式分析

目的 探讨城市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式及特点。方法 北方两所大城市随机抽取市区初二、高二和大学二年级7230名学生进行集体自填匿名问卷调查。以10种主要健康危险行为为聚类指标，采用样本聚类方法分别对男、女学生进行聚类。结果 根据行为发生严重程度和高发行为特点男、女生分别隶属于低危险组（男44．0％；女49．5％）、中度危险组（模式2组：男24．8％，女25．4％；模式3组：男16．3％，女12．1％）和高危险组（男14．8％；女12．9％）4类健康危险行为聚集模式人群。吸烟和饮酒在男、女生某中度危险组中高发，男、女吸烟率分别为26．8％和女8．5％；饮酒率为100％，远高于该人群总体水平，吸烟饮酒呈聚集现象；女生高危险组中自杀意念、不健康减肥和滥用药物三类“内隐性行为”发生率分别为100％，8．4％和7．5％，远高于人群总体水平和其他3组，表明这三类行为呈现聚集性，而男生高危险组中大部分行为高发，呈现“外显问题行为和内隐性行为”的高度聚集现象。结论 应针对青少年中某些行为聚集发生和聚集方式多样特点，根据性别特点，有针对性地开展一级、二级、三级预防等综合性预防干预措施。     

安徽省中学生危害健康行为与美国中学生的比较

目的：探讨社会因素对中学生危害健康行为流行特征的影响。方法：采取分层整群抽样方法以无记名方式对安徽省中学生危害健康行为进行现场问卷调查,美国资料来源于CDC1991年中学生危害健康行为监测,结果：安徽省中学生危害健康行为低于美国,安徽省和美国中学生攻击行为男生高于女生,自杀行为女生高于男生,吸烟和饮酒行为报告率安徽省男生高于女性,美国男,女生差异无显著性,吸烟和饮酒行为以12年级学生最高,与安徽省一致,故障伤害行为安徽省以初三学生最高,高中各年级产差异无显著性,而美国为12级学生最低,9－11年级间差异无显著性,结论：中学生危害健康行为干预应针对相关社会因素采取相应措施以提高干预效果。     

泰安市大学生不正常体重的流行病学研究

目的 了解泰安市大学生不正常体重的流行现状与分布特征,探讨其危险因素,为提高大学生健康状况,开展大学生不正常体重防治工作提供基础资料和理论依据.方法 采用横断面研究设计,应用随机整群抽样方法,对泰安高校大学生500名,进行问卷调查和体格检查.体格检查包括身高、体重、腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）.结果 收回有效问卷共488份,男生BMI均值为22.253.45 kg/m2,女生BMI均值为21.002.66 kg/m2,男性均值高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.泰安市大学生不正常体重率为28.89%,低体重、超重和肥胖率分别为11.48%,13.32% 和4.10%.男生不正常体重率为34.02%,女生不正常率为25.51%,男生高于女生（χ2=4.1202,P=0.0424）.男生超重及肥胖率高于女生（χ2=13.7591,P=0.0002）.吃街边烧烤、油炸食品是大学生超重及肥胖的危险因素（χ2=13.77,P〈0.05）.挑食、偏食是低体重的危险因素（χ2=7.27,P〈0.01）.用餐速度慢是超重及肥胖的保护因素（χ2=8.52,P〈0.05）.喜欢体育锻炼是不正常体重的保护因素（χ2=41.56,P〈0.01）.51.55%.的男生和30.24%的女生可以正确认知自身体重状况,女生倾向于高估自身体重.结论 不正常体重已成为影响大学生身心全面发展的重要因素之一.应加强健康教育,增强自我保健意识.     

安徽省中学生危害健康行为与美国中学生的比较

目的探讨社会因素对中学生危害健康行为流行特征的影响。方法采取分层整群抽样方法以无记名方式对安徽省中学生危害健康行为进行现场问卷调查;美国资料来源于CDC1991年中学生危害健康行为监测。结果安徽省中学生危害健康行为低于美国,安徽省和美国中学生攻击行为男生高于女生,自杀行为女生高于男生,吸烟和饮酒行为报告率安徽省男生高于女性,美国男、女生差异无显著性;吸烟和饮酒行为美国以12年级学生最高,与安徽省一致;故意伤害行为安徽省以初三学生最高,高中各年级间差异无显著性,而美国为12级学生最低,9～11年级间差异无显著性。结论中学生危害健康行为干预应针对相关社会因素采取相应措施以提高干预效果。     

柳州市青少年吸烟、饮酒和药物成瘾流行病学现状和影响因素分析

目的了解柳州市青少年吸烟、饮酒和成瘾药物滥用行为流行状况及社会心理影响因素。方法以分层整群抽样方法选取3 720名城市大中学生进行问卷调查。结果青少年现在饮酒率(33.15%)远高于现在吸烟率(13.58%),重度饮酒率(15.19%)与现在吸烟率接近,成瘾药物滥用率为1.85%,3种行为有共存现象。男生、成绩差、职业高中、学段高的学生吸烟和饮酒行为危险度高。焦虑是吸烟和成瘾药物滥用的危险因素,抑郁是吸烟和饮酒的危险因素,孤独感、学习压力感分别是饮酒和成瘾药物滥用的危险因素。结论应积极采取措施从提高心理社会功能入手对3种物质成瘾行为进行综合干预。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.